The document discusses SOA solution patterns, including common patterns like service broker, pipes and filters, route, and transformation. It provides examples of how to map business requirements to patterns and implement the solutions using an SOA infrastructure. The examples demonstrate patterns for connecting a client and service when the backend changes, exposing an internal service externally, and integrating legacy systems. The document recommends identifying requirements, mapping them to patterns, applying patterns like service encapsulation and functional decomposition, and considering governance and other enhancements.