Early humans, known as Homo sapiens, emerged in Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago and lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers who relied on wild plants and animals for survival. During the Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age), which began around 2 million years ago, early humans invented the first stone tools, controlled fire, lived in clans, and created some of the earliest known cave art. In the subsequent Neolithic Era (New Stone Age), early humans developed agriculture and animal domestication, and began creating pottery and more advanced tools and weaving.