Writing for Success
Author: James E. Vincler Nancy Horlick Vincler Vincler Communications Inc.; Kim, Irene
Publication info: Chemical Engineering ; New York 104.2 (Feb 1997): 111.
ProQuest document link
Abstract:
If you design and implement your correspondence as carefully as you do your engineering projects, your return on investment will be more than worth the effort. Good correspondence can help you get requests granted, sell your projects to upper management and maintain optimal relationships with internal and external customers. No matter who receives the correspondence, neatness, correct spelling, clear organization and concise writing all show a professional attitude and respect for the reader. Guidelines are presented for writing successfully.
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If you're like many engineers, you might think of writing memos and letters as an onerous task or obligation that does little to help you in your daily activities. But, if you design and implement your correspondence as carefully as you do your engineering projects, your return on investment will be more than worth the effort. Good correspondence can help you get requests granted, ``sell'' your projects to upper management and maintain optimal relationships with internal and external customers.
Memos and letters are similar, containing news, requests, legal points, problem descriptions or solutions. Both may also serve as records of past actions -- such as technical events, observations and findings. In their most-effective form, both are brief, ranging from a few sentences up to a full page, but no more.
The main difference is in the reader: Memos are usually written for someone inside the organization, while letters typically go to outside readers. Usually, an inside reader doesn't need as much introduction to you or to your topic, product or terminology.
No matter who receives the correspondence, neatness, correct spelling, clear organization and concise writing all show a professional attitude and respect for your reader. In addition to having a positive effect on the reader, you want your memos and letters to reflect well on you, the writer.
Setting the right tone
If you've decided that a memo or letter is the best way to go (box), it's time to work on your ``memo mindset.'' Your tone conveys not only your message, but also your attitude. Depending on the situation, you may select a tone that's formal, informal or casual. Think about how you would speak to your reader in the current situation, and just put that into your memo or letter.
For a thank-you note to a supplier, use a positive and informal, yet professional tone. For example, ``Your always-on-time delivery to our Mainville construction site helped our district crew complete its rerouting project a week before the deadline. Thank you.''
A recommendation to a prospective client may require a more-formal, but not stuffy, tone: ``Pipex Corp. has delivered pipe materials to the South Bay Wa.
Peggy Isaacson describes her experiences with written customer service communications as a human resources manager and now as an HR consultant. She finds that written communications like letters, memos, proposals and documentation are important to address customer needs, provide documentation of agreements, and ensure both parties understand discussions. However, she notes that good grammar, spelling and readability are important so customers understand the message and have confidence in the provider's competence.
The document discusses how to create high-value documents that effectively communicate with clients and prospects. It emphasizes setting a clear purpose for the document by determining whether it is persuasive, meant to win over new clients, or informative, intended to update existing clients. For persuasive documents aimed at new clients, the document recommends grabbing attention, highlighting benefits, differentiating from competitors, proving results, and specifying value. For informative documents for existing clients, it suggests using a straightforward tone focused on content over voice.
This document provides guidance on writing effective business messages by knowing your audience. It discusses the importance of understanding whether the audience is known personally or unknown. For unknown audiences, there are generally two types of readers - skimmers who need key points upfront, and skeptics who require evidence. The document also offers tips on getting to the point, keeping it simple, using active and passive voice appropriately, determining content, and organizing information to meet both skimmer and skeptic needs. Testing the message against audience expectations is also recommended.
The document provides guidance on writing effective business messages by knowing your audience. It emphasizes the importance of understanding whether the audience is known or unknown. For known audiences, the writer should understand the reader's level of knowledge, interests, and expectations. For unknown audiences, the writer should address both "skimmers" who want the main point upfront and "skeptics" who need evidence and details. The document also offers tips on getting to the point, keeping it simple, using active and passive voice appropriately, determining relevant content, and choosing an organizational structure.
This document provides guidance on writing effective business messages by knowing your audience. It discusses the importance of understanding whether the audience is known personally or unknown. For unknown audiences, there are generally two types of readers - skimmers who need key points upfront, and skeptics who require evidence to support claims. The document also offers tips on getting to the point, keeping it simple, using active and passive voice appropriately, determining content, and organizing information to meet both skimmer and skeptic needs. Testing the message against audience expectations is recommended.
This document provides guidance on writing effective business messages by knowing your audience. It discusses the importance of understanding whether the audience is known personally or unknown. For unknown audiences, there are generally two types of readers - skimmers who need key points upfront, and skeptics who require evidence to support claims. The document also offers tips on getting to the point, keeping it simple, using active and passive voice appropriately, determining content, and organizing information to meet both skimmer and skeptic needs. Testing the message against audience expectations is recommended.
The document provides guidance on effective report writing. It discusses what a report is, its purpose, and essential elements that make a good report. These include being clear, complete, concise, correct, credible, and considerate. It provides tips for communicating these elements effectively such as using concrete language, active verbs, courtesy, and accuracy.
Peggy Isaacson describes her experiences with written customer service communications as a human resources manager and now as an HR consultant. She finds that written communications like letters, memos, proposals and documentation are important to address customer needs, provide documentation of agreements, and ensure both parties understand discussions. However, she notes that good grammar, spelling and readability are important so customers understand the message and have confidence in the provider's competence.
The document discusses how to create high-value documents that effectively communicate with clients and prospects. It emphasizes setting a clear purpose for the document by determining whether it is persuasive, meant to win over new clients, or informative, intended to update existing clients. For persuasive documents aimed at new clients, the document recommends grabbing attention, highlighting benefits, differentiating from competitors, proving results, and specifying value. For informative documents for existing clients, it suggests using a straightforward tone focused on content over voice.
This document provides guidance on writing effective business messages by knowing your audience. It discusses the importance of understanding whether the audience is known personally or unknown. For unknown audiences, there are generally two types of readers - skimmers who need key points upfront, and skeptics who require evidence. The document also offers tips on getting to the point, keeping it simple, using active and passive voice appropriately, determining content, and organizing information to meet both skimmer and skeptic needs. Testing the message against audience expectations is also recommended.
The document provides guidance on writing effective business messages by knowing your audience. It emphasizes the importance of understanding whether the audience is known or unknown. For known audiences, the writer should understand the reader's level of knowledge, interests, and expectations. For unknown audiences, the writer should address both "skimmers" who want the main point upfront and "skeptics" who need evidence and details. The document also offers tips on getting to the point, keeping it simple, using active and passive voice appropriately, determining relevant content, and choosing an organizational structure.
This document provides guidance on writing effective business messages by knowing your audience. It discusses the importance of understanding whether the audience is known personally or unknown. For unknown audiences, there are generally two types of readers - skimmers who need key points upfront, and skeptics who require evidence to support claims. The document also offers tips on getting to the point, keeping it simple, using active and passive voice appropriately, determining content, and organizing information to meet both skimmer and skeptic needs. Testing the message against audience expectations is recommended.
This document provides guidance on writing effective business messages by knowing your audience. It discusses the importance of understanding whether the audience is known personally or unknown. For unknown audiences, there are generally two types of readers - skimmers who need key points upfront, and skeptics who require evidence to support claims. The document also offers tips on getting to the point, keeping it simple, using active and passive voice appropriately, determining content, and organizing information to meet both skimmer and skeptic needs. Testing the message against audience expectations is recommended.
The document provides guidance on effective report writing. It discusses what a report is, its purpose, and essential elements that make a good report. These include being clear, complete, concise, correct, credible, and considerate. It provides tips for communicating these elements effectively such as using concrete language, active verbs, courtesy, and accuracy.
The document provides guidance on effective report writing. It discusses what a report is, its purpose, and essential elements that make a good report, including clarity, completeness, conciseness, consideration, concreteness, correctness, credibility, and creativity. Key recommendations are to choose precise language; construct effective sentences and paragraphs; include all necessary information; be concise while including essential details; consider the reader's perspective; provide specific examples; ensure accuracy; and be creative in presentation.
So you have a list of leads that are ready to be contacted for an appointment but are anxious about not being able to secure a meeting with them? Then this whitepaper is for you
This document provides guidance on writing routine and positive business messages in 3 sentences or less. It discusses strategies for writing routine requests, including stating the request upfront and justifying it. Common types of routine requests described are asking for information, asking for recommendations, and making claims or requests for adjustments. The document also outlines strategies for writing routine replies and positive messages, including using a direct approach and explaining details.
Here is a draft notice informing employees about a newly introduced official bus service:
Notice
Subject: New Official Bus Service for Employees
This is to inform all employees that the company has introduced an official bus service with effect from 1st June 2022 for the convenience of transportation from the main bus stand to the office premises.
The bus will ply at 8:00 AM, 10:00 AM and 5:00 PM from the main bus stand. Employees can avail this service by showing their company ID cards to the conductor.
This service is being provided free of cost to all full time employees of the organization. We encourage employees to make use of this environment friendly and cost effective mode of commutation.
For
The document discusses principles of professional writing and communication in the workplace. It covers topics such as writing memos, letters, emails, cover letters and resumes. It provides guidelines on style, language, formatting and design for different types of professional documents. The objectives are to learn how to construct basic workplace documents, write effective job application materials, and prepare for job interviews.
This document provides tips for creating effective marketing content that engages customers. It emphasizes the importance of understanding customer personas, making emotional connections, and using case studies and success stories. It also offers best practices for different types of content like whitepapers, industry briefs, ebooks, guides, and web content. The overall message is that content should be targeted, relevant, and create value for customers in order to get noticed and meaningfully engage them.
Transform a Prospect Meeting into a Signed Contractstoverts
Handout for the topic "Transform a Prospect Meeting into a Signed Contract" given by Teresa Stover of Stover Writing Services at the Consulting and Independent Contracting Progression, 8:30am on Tuesday, May 22, 2012.
Module 2 The Writing Process Planning, Writing, RevisingComm.docxannandleola
Module 2: The Writing Process: Planning, Writing, Revising
Commentary
Topics
Developing a Writing PlanElements of StyleWriting a Resume
Developing a Writing Plan
You wouldn't build a house without a blueprint. Before you begin composing a document for the workplace, you will need to plan your writing and gather your information to create a successful communication piece.
Planning will help you avoid writer's block and will prevent you from omitting important details. Instead of jumping into your project, you'll need to answer a few questions. Often, asking yourself the journalistic questions who, what, where, when, why, and how can get the process started.
You'll also need to consider the point of view of your audience. Analyzing your readers can help ensure you tailor your document to meet their needs.
Analyze Your Audience
You'll need to think about your readers' knowledge of the topic about which you are going to write. Think about their education as well as their viewpoint on the topic. What is your readers' basic position, and what will they want to gain from your document? For example, if you send an e-mail message to your boss asking her to purchase a software upgrade, what point is more likely to convince her—that the upgrade will help you perform your job more quickly, or that the upgrade will integrate with your home system? As we mentioned in module 1, addressing the needs of a specific audience is known as the "you" attitude in technical writing.
Figure 2.1 shows questions that can assist you in developing an audience analysis. You can also find this document in the Toolkit section of this course, if you would like to print it out for your reference.
Figure 2.1
Audience Analysis Questions
1. Who are the members of your primary audience? To whom are you specifically writing your document?
2. Who are the members of your secondary audience? In addition to your primary audience, who else might read your document?
3. What is the purpose of the document?
4. What is your audience's educational background?
5. What are the job responsibilities of your audience?
6. What are the ages and genders of your audience?
7. What is your audience's ethnic background?
8. Does your audience have cultural characteristics and conventions for you to consider in preparing text or graphics?
9. Does your audience have religious beliefs for you to consider?
10. Does your audience have disabilities of which you should be mindful?
11. What does your audience already know about the topic?
12. What information does your audience need on the topic?
13. What is your audience's level of interest in the topic?
14. What are your audience's attitudes toward the topic?
15. What are your audience's attitudes toward you, your approach to writing a document, or documentation in general?
16. Does your audience have preferences or biases that you should consider? If so, what are they?
17. What are your audience's expectations about the document you are writing?
18. How wil ...
The document provides guidance on how to write an effective cover letter to accompany a resume when applying for jobs. It recommends that the cover letter should grab the reader's attention, highlight relevant qualifications that make the applicant a strong fit for the position, and request an interview. The letter should be no longer than one page and organized with an introductory paragraph, 2-3 body paragraphs detailing relevant experiences, and a concluding paragraph asking for an interview.
The document outlines the key aspects of a technical writing course for engineering students. It discusses the importance of developing strong technical writing skills for job applications and higher education. The course will cover various types of technical writing including reports, research proposals, and business documents. Students will learn about style, format, and ensuring clarity and consistency in technical writing. They will practice writing skills through assignments, presentations, and exams to communicate effectively for engineering projects and activities.
This document provides guidance on writing effective sales letters. It discusses key principles such as knowing your buyer, identifying a central selling point, and using different appeals like benefits, features, and calls to action. It outlines the components of a successful sales letter, including getting attention in the opening paragraph, discussing the product or service benefits and features to build interest, appealing to the reader's desires, and motivating an action. Sample openings, appeals, descriptions, and calls to action are provided. Guidance is also given on writing solicited versus unsolicited sales letters and using different letter formats.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
This document provides guidance on writing effective cover letters to accompany resumes during a job search. It discusses best practices for different types of cover letters, including general cover letters, targeted cover letters for specific job postings, and cover letters directed at recruiters. Key recommendations include customizing the salutation, explaining your interest in the company, highlighting relevant qualifications, keeping the letter to one page, and following up as promised to impress hiring managers.
15WRITE TO ACCOMPLISH GOALS2Communication is a skilAnastaciaShadelb
15
WRITE TO
ACCOMPLISH GOALS2
Communication is a skill you can learn. It’s like riding a
bicycle or typing. If you’re willing to work at it, you can rap-
idly improve the quality of every part of your life.
—Richard Branson, founder, Virgin Group
Yes, it’s how to get things done, open doors and connect with people and immediate opportunities. But effective writing
does far more than accomplish the goal of the moment: It’s a
powerful tool for achieving your long-range ambitions, a tool
to use consciously.
From e-mails to proposals to blogs to résumés, every mes-
sage offers a chance to build toward your future. The better
your writing, the more you succeed. Writing gives you one of
the best ways to showcase your strengths and demonstrate your
value. In the digital age it’s a key tool for building and sustaining good relationships.
This chapter gives you a framework for planning all your documents and making the
right decisions about content, structure and style.
HOW AND WHY TO PLAN YOUR MESSAGES
Successful writers don’t just plunge into any written communication—first, they plan. And
always, they begin with two questions that guide them through every decision.
Question 1: What’s my goal? What do I want?
Question 2: Who—exactly—is the audience: the person or group I’m writing to?
When you define your goal and consider your reader, it becomes much easier to figure
out the content—the facts, ideas or arguments that will produce the results you want. And
when you systematically determine content, organizing your message becomes a more natu-
ral process. So does choosing the right language and tone.
LEARN HOW TO . . .
• View writing as a strategic tool
• Communicate based on goals
• Frame messages for your
audiences
• Manage differences in
perspective
• Write to groups, gatekeepers
and the universe
Do
no
t c
op
y p
os
t o
r d
ist
rib
ute
16 Part I • How to Communicate in Writing
Whether writing an e-mail, profile, report or speech, professional writers base their approach
on how the factors of goal and audience intersect. Thinking this way may mean spending more
time up front than you’re used to. However, you save the time that you might otherwise spend
floundering around for what to say and how to say it. Moreover, if you plan first, your results are
so much better—immediately—that you won’t begrudge the thinking time.
But why does even a “simple” e-mail merit such thought?
Perhaps you’ve wished you could un-click Send after delivering one of these:
• a carelessly written message to a superior or colleague that is forwarded right up the
company ladder
• an embarrassing private e-mail to a friend that was widely circulated
• a badly executed cover letter that showed up on the Internet as a laughable
example
• a message meant for one person that mistakenly reached a whole group, or someone
who particularly should not have seen it, like a competitor
The consequences can be dire. Remem ...
15WRITE TO ACCOMPLISH GOALS2Communication is a skilKiyokoSlagleis
15
WRITE TO
ACCOMPLISH GOALS2
Communication is a skill you can learn. It’s like riding a
bicycle or typing. If you’re willing to work at it, you can rap-
idly improve the quality of every part of your life.
—Richard Branson, founder, Virgin Group
Yes, it’s how to get things done, open doors and connect with people and immediate opportunities. But effective writing
does far more than accomplish the goal of the moment: It’s a
powerful tool for achieving your long-range ambitions, a tool
to use consciously.
From e-mails to proposals to blogs to résumés, every mes-
sage offers a chance to build toward your future. The better
your writing, the more you succeed. Writing gives you one of
the best ways to showcase your strengths and demonstrate your
value. In the digital age it’s a key tool for building and sustaining good relationships.
This chapter gives you a framework for planning all your documents and making the
right decisions about content, structure and style.
HOW AND WHY TO PLAN YOUR MESSAGES
Successful writers don’t just plunge into any written communication—first, they plan. And
always, they begin with two questions that guide them through every decision.
Question 1: What’s my goal? What do I want?
Question 2: Who—exactly—is the audience: the person or group I’m writing to?
When you define your goal and consider your reader, it becomes much easier to figure
out the content—the facts, ideas or arguments that will produce the results you want. And
when you systematically determine content, organizing your message becomes a more natu-
ral process. So does choosing the right language and tone.
LEARN HOW TO . . .
• View writing as a strategic tool
• Communicate based on goals
• Frame messages for your
audiences
• Manage differences in
perspective
• Write to groups, gatekeepers
and the universe
Do
no
t c
op
y p
os
t o
r d
ist
rib
ute
16 Part I • How to Communicate in Writing
Whether writing an e-mail, profile, report or speech, professional writers base their approach
on how the factors of goal and audience intersect. Thinking this way may mean spending more
time up front than you’re used to. However, you save the time that you might otherwise spend
floundering around for what to say and how to say it. Moreover, if you plan first, your results are
so much better—immediately—that you won’t begrudge the thinking time.
But why does even a “simple” e-mail merit such thought?
Perhaps you’ve wished you could un-click Send after delivering one of these:
• a carelessly written message to a superior or colleague that is forwarded right up the
company ladder
• an embarrassing private e-mail to a friend that was widely circulated
• a badly executed cover letter that showed up on the Internet as a laughable
example
• a message meant for one person that mistakenly reached a whole group, or someone
who particularly should not have seen it, like a competitor
The consequences can be dire. Remem ...
The document provides tips for writing effective resumes and cover letters, and preparing for interviews. It discusses highlighting achievements and skills in resumes, researching companies for cover letters and interviews, and having examples prepared to answer behavioral questions in interviews. Resumes should focus on skills and accomplishments rather than just job descriptions. Cover letters should convey interest in the company and position while interviews require researching the employer and practicing common questions.
The document discusses the seven C's of effective communication: completeness, conciseness, consideration, concreteness, clarity, courtesy, and correctness. It provides guidelines for each C, such as answering the five W's to ensure completeness, using precise language and including only relevant information to achieve conciseness, focusing on the receiver's needs and benefits to demonstrate consideration, and using specific facts and figures rather than generalizations for concreteness.
This document provides information about interpersonal skills in business and concepts to apply in project 1. It defines interpersonal skills as an employee's ability to get along with others while completing their job. It discusses using relationship building language, different types of business messages, and five business prose style principles. The document instructs the reader to find a negative Amazon product review, annotate it to identify concerns and tone, and write a refund letter, memo report, and email as part of project 1 deliverables.
The document provides information about BestResumeHelp.com, a service that offers professionally written cover letters. It highlights the company's team of experienced writers, customized and industry-specific cover letters, timely delivery, affordable pricing, and positive client testimonials. The process for ordering a cover letter is also outlined, including placing an order, collaborating with a writer, reviewing drafts, and receiving the final product.
1. Lists crimes and crime involvement on the Mendez brothers.2.I.docxambersalomon88660
The document discusses an investigation into crimes allegedly committed by the Mendez brothers. It details evidence found at the crime scene and interviews conducted with the Mendez brothers. Photos related to the investigation are also included as part of the document.
1. Lists and analyzes strengths and weaknesses based on each of th.docxambersalomon88660
1. Lists and analyzes strengths and weaknesses based on each of the listed content areas, and draws on evidence from the given Web site.
2. Discusses specific changes that can be made in the workplace are discussed, while giving clear and relevant examples for why changes are necessary. Evaluates how personal skill set can be used to effect change in workplace.
3. Provides a thoughtful reflection on areas for growth. Pinpoints at least one specific goal for leadership growth, and outlines a well-organized and realistic implementation plan to meet the goal.
4. Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive; contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
5. There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas progress and relate to each other. Paragraph and transition construction guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless.
6. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
7. All format elements are correct.
8. In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of error.
.
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The document provides guidance on effective report writing. It discusses what a report is, its purpose, and essential elements that make a good report, including clarity, completeness, conciseness, consideration, concreteness, correctness, credibility, and creativity. Key recommendations are to choose precise language; construct effective sentences and paragraphs; include all necessary information; be concise while including essential details; consider the reader's perspective; provide specific examples; ensure accuracy; and be creative in presentation.
So you have a list of leads that are ready to be contacted for an appointment but are anxious about not being able to secure a meeting with them? Then this whitepaper is for you
This document provides guidance on writing routine and positive business messages in 3 sentences or less. It discusses strategies for writing routine requests, including stating the request upfront and justifying it. Common types of routine requests described are asking for information, asking for recommendations, and making claims or requests for adjustments. The document also outlines strategies for writing routine replies and positive messages, including using a direct approach and explaining details.
Here is a draft notice informing employees about a newly introduced official bus service:
Notice
Subject: New Official Bus Service for Employees
This is to inform all employees that the company has introduced an official bus service with effect from 1st June 2022 for the convenience of transportation from the main bus stand to the office premises.
The bus will ply at 8:00 AM, 10:00 AM and 5:00 PM from the main bus stand. Employees can avail this service by showing their company ID cards to the conductor.
This service is being provided free of cost to all full time employees of the organization. We encourage employees to make use of this environment friendly and cost effective mode of commutation.
For
The document discusses principles of professional writing and communication in the workplace. It covers topics such as writing memos, letters, emails, cover letters and resumes. It provides guidelines on style, language, formatting and design for different types of professional documents. The objectives are to learn how to construct basic workplace documents, write effective job application materials, and prepare for job interviews.
This document provides tips for creating effective marketing content that engages customers. It emphasizes the importance of understanding customer personas, making emotional connections, and using case studies and success stories. It also offers best practices for different types of content like whitepapers, industry briefs, ebooks, guides, and web content. The overall message is that content should be targeted, relevant, and create value for customers in order to get noticed and meaningfully engage them.
Transform a Prospect Meeting into a Signed Contractstoverts
Handout for the topic "Transform a Prospect Meeting into a Signed Contract" given by Teresa Stover of Stover Writing Services at the Consulting and Independent Contracting Progression, 8:30am on Tuesday, May 22, 2012.
Module 2 The Writing Process Planning, Writing, RevisingComm.docxannandleola
Module 2: The Writing Process: Planning, Writing, Revising
Commentary
Topics
Developing a Writing PlanElements of StyleWriting a Resume
Developing a Writing Plan
You wouldn't build a house without a blueprint. Before you begin composing a document for the workplace, you will need to plan your writing and gather your information to create a successful communication piece.
Planning will help you avoid writer's block and will prevent you from omitting important details. Instead of jumping into your project, you'll need to answer a few questions. Often, asking yourself the journalistic questions who, what, where, when, why, and how can get the process started.
You'll also need to consider the point of view of your audience. Analyzing your readers can help ensure you tailor your document to meet their needs.
Analyze Your Audience
You'll need to think about your readers' knowledge of the topic about which you are going to write. Think about their education as well as their viewpoint on the topic. What is your readers' basic position, and what will they want to gain from your document? For example, if you send an e-mail message to your boss asking her to purchase a software upgrade, what point is more likely to convince her—that the upgrade will help you perform your job more quickly, or that the upgrade will integrate with your home system? As we mentioned in module 1, addressing the needs of a specific audience is known as the "you" attitude in technical writing.
Figure 2.1 shows questions that can assist you in developing an audience analysis. You can also find this document in the Toolkit section of this course, if you would like to print it out for your reference.
Figure 2.1
Audience Analysis Questions
1. Who are the members of your primary audience? To whom are you specifically writing your document?
2. Who are the members of your secondary audience? In addition to your primary audience, who else might read your document?
3. What is the purpose of the document?
4. What is your audience's educational background?
5. What are the job responsibilities of your audience?
6. What are the ages and genders of your audience?
7. What is your audience's ethnic background?
8. Does your audience have cultural characteristics and conventions for you to consider in preparing text or graphics?
9. Does your audience have religious beliefs for you to consider?
10. Does your audience have disabilities of which you should be mindful?
11. What does your audience already know about the topic?
12. What information does your audience need on the topic?
13. What is your audience's level of interest in the topic?
14. What are your audience's attitudes toward the topic?
15. What are your audience's attitudes toward you, your approach to writing a document, or documentation in general?
16. Does your audience have preferences or biases that you should consider? If so, what are they?
17. What are your audience's expectations about the document you are writing?
18. How wil ...
The document provides guidance on how to write an effective cover letter to accompany a resume when applying for jobs. It recommends that the cover letter should grab the reader's attention, highlight relevant qualifications that make the applicant a strong fit for the position, and request an interview. The letter should be no longer than one page and organized with an introductory paragraph, 2-3 body paragraphs detailing relevant experiences, and a concluding paragraph asking for an interview.
The document outlines the key aspects of a technical writing course for engineering students. It discusses the importance of developing strong technical writing skills for job applications and higher education. The course will cover various types of technical writing including reports, research proposals, and business documents. Students will learn about style, format, and ensuring clarity and consistency in technical writing. They will practice writing skills through assignments, presentations, and exams to communicate effectively for engineering projects and activities.
This document provides guidance on writing effective sales letters. It discusses key principles such as knowing your buyer, identifying a central selling point, and using different appeals like benefits, features, and calls to action. It outlines the components of a successful sales letter, including getting attention in the opening paragraph, discussing the product or service benefits and features to build interest, appealing to the reader's desires, and motivating an action. Sample openings, appeals, descriptions, and calls to action are provided. Guidance is also given on writing solicited versus unsolicited sales letters and using different letter formats.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
This document provides guidance on writing effective cover letters to accompany resumes during a job search. It discusses best practices for different types of cover letters, including general cover letters, targeted cover letters for specific job postings, and cover letters directed at recruiters. Key recommendations include customizing the salutation, explaining your interest in the company, highlighting relevant qualifications, keeping the letter to one page, and following up as promised to impress hiring managers.
15WRITE TO ACCOMPLISH GOALS2Communication is a skilAnastaciaShadelb
15
WRITE TO
ACCOMPLISH GOALS2
Communication is a skill you can learn. It’s like riding a
bicycle or typing. If you’re willing to work at it, you can rap-
idly improve the quality of every part of your life.
—Richard Branson, founder, Virgin Group
Yes, it’s how to get things done, open doors and connect with people and immediate opportunities. But effective writing
does far more than accomplish the goal of the moment: It’s a
powerful tool for achieving your long-range ambitions, a tool
to use consciously.
From e-mails to proposals to blogs to résumés, every mes-
sage offers a chance to build toward your future. The better
your writing, the more you succeed. Writing gives you one of
the best ways to showcase your strengths and demonstrate your
value. In the digital age it’s a key tool for building and sustaining good relationships.
This chapter gives you a framework for planning all your documents and making the
right decisions about content, structure and style.
HOW AND WHY TO PLAN YOUR MESSAGES
Successful writers don’t just plunge into any written communication—first, they plan. And
always, they begin with two questions that guide them through every decision.
Question 1: What’s my goal? What do I want?
Question 2: Who—exactly—is the audience: the person or group I’m writing to?
When you define your goal and consider your reader, it becomes much easier to figure
out the content—the facts, ideas or arguments that will produce the results you want. And
when you systematically determine content, organizing your message becomes a more natu-
ral process. So does choosing the right language and tone.
LEARN HOW TO . . .
• View writing as a strategic tool
• Communicate based on goals
• Frame messages for your
audiences
• Manage differences in
perspective
• Write to groups, gatekeepers
and the universe
Do
no
t c
op
y p
os
t o
r d
ist
rib
ute
16 Part I • How to Communicate in Writing
Whether writing an e-mail, profile, report or speech, professional writers base their approach
on how the factors of goal and audience intersect. Thinking this way may mean spending more
time up front than you’re used to. However, you save the time that you might otherwise spend
floundering around for what to say and how to say it. Moreover, if you plan first, your results are
so much better—immediately—that you won’t begrudge the thinking time.
But why does even a “simple” e-mail merit such thought?
Perhaps you’ve wished you could un-click Send after delivering one of these:
• a carelessly written message to a superior or colleague that is forwarded right up the
company ladder
• an embarrassing private e-mail to a friend that was widely circulated
• a badly executed cover letter that showed up on the Internet as a laughable
example
• a message meant for one person that mistakenly reached a whole group, or someone
who particularly should not have seen it, like a competitor
The consequences can be dire. Remem ...
15WRITE TO ACCOMPLISH GOALS2Communication is a skilKiyokoSlagleis
15
WRITE TO
ACCOMPLISH GOALS2
Communication is a skill you can learn. It’s like riding a
bicycle or typing. If you’re willing to work at it, you can rap-
idly improve the quality of every part of your life.
—Richard Branson, founder, Virgin Group
Yes, it’s how to get things done, open doors and connect with people and immediate opportunities. But effective writing
does far more than accomplish the goal of the moment: It’s a
powerful tool for achieving your long-range ambitions, a tool
to use consciously.
From e-mails to proposals to blogs to résumés, every mes-
sage offers a chance to build toward your future. The better
your writing, the more you succeed. Writing gives you one of
the best ways to showcase your strengths and demonstrate your
value. In the digital age it’s a key tool for building and sustaining good relationships.
This chapter gives you a framework for planning all your documents and making the
right decisions about content, structure and style.
HOW AND WHY TO PLAN YOUR MESSAGES
Successful writers don’t just plunge into any written communication—first, they plan. And
always, they begin with two questions that guide them through every decision.
Question 1: What’s my goal? What do I want?
Question 2: Who—exactly—is the audience: the person or group I’m writing to?
When you define your goal and consider your reader, it becomes much easier to figure
out the content—the facts, ideas or arguments that will produce the results you want. And
when you systematically determine content, organizing your message becomes a more natu-
ral process. So does choosing the right language and tone.
LEARN HOW TO . . .
• View writing as a strategic tool
• Communicate based on goals
• Frame messages for your
audiences
• Manage differences in
perspective
• Write to groups, gatekeepers
and the universe
Do
no
t c
op
y p
os
t o
r d
ist
rib
ute
16 Part I • How to Communicate in Writing
Whether writing an e-mail, profile, report or speech, professional writers base their approach
on how the factors of goal and audience intersect. Thinking this way may mean spending more
time up front than you’re used to. However, you save the time that you might otherwise spend
floundering around for what to say and how to say it. Moreover, if you plan first, your results are
so much better—immediately—that you won’t begrudge the thinking time.
But why does even a “simple” e-mail merit such thought?
Perhaps you’ve wished you could un-click Send after delivering one of these:
• a carelessly written message to a superior or colleague that is forwarded right up the
company ladder
• an embarrassing private e-mail to a friend that was widely circulated
• a badly executed cover letter that showed up on the Internet as a laughable
example
• a message meant for one person that mistakenly reached a whole group, or someone
who particularly should not have seen it, like a competitor
The consequences can be dire. Remem ...
The document provides tips for writing effective resumes and cover letters, and preparing for interviews. It discusses highlighting achievements and skills in resumes, researching companies for cover letters and interviews, and having examples prepared to answer behavioral questions in interviews. Resumes should focus on skills and accomplishments rather than just job descriptions. Cover letters should convey interest in the company and position while interviews require researching the employer and practicing common questions.
The document discusses the seven C's of effective communication: completeness, conciseness, consideration, concreteness, clarity, courtesy, and correctness. It provides guidelines for each C, such as answering the five W's to ensure completeness, using precise language and including only relevant information to achieve conciseness, focusing on the receiver's needs and benefits to demonstrate consideration, and using specific facts and figures rather than generalizations for concreteness.
This document provides information about interpersonal skills in business and concepts to apply in project 1. It defines interpersonal skills as an employee's ability to get along with others while completing their job. It discusses using relationship building language, different types of business messages, and five business prose style principles. The document instructs the reader to find a negative Amazon product review, annotate it to identify concerns and tone, and write a refund letter, memo report, and email as part of project 1 deliverables.
The document provides information about BestResumeHelp.com, a service that offers professionally written cover letters. It highlights the company's team of experienced writers, customized and industry-specific cover letters, timely delivery, affordable pricing, and positive client testimonials. The process for ordering a cover letter is also outlined, including placing an order, collaborating with a writer, reviewing drafts, and receiving the final product.
Similar to Writing for SuccessAuthor James E. Vincler Nancy Horlick Vincle.docx (20)
1. Lists crimes and crime involvement on the Mendez brothers.2.I.docxambersalomon88660
The document discusses an investigation into crimes allegedly committed by the Mendez brothers. It details evidence found at the crime scene and interviews conducted with the Mendez brothers. Photos related to the investigation are also included as part of the document.
1. Lists and analyzes strengths and weaknesses based on each of th.docxambersalomon88660
1. Lists and analyzes strengths and weaknesses based on each of the listed content areas, and draws on evidence from the given Web site.
2. Discusses specific changes that can be made in the workplace are discussed, while giving clear and relevant examples for why changes are necessary. Evaluates how personal skill set can be used to effect change in workplace.
3. Provides a thoughtful reflection on areas for growth. Pinpoints at least one specific goal for leadership growth, and outlines a well-organized and realistic implementation plan to meet the goal.
4. Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive; contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
5. There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas progress and relate to each other. Paragraph and transition construction guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless.
6. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
7. All format elements are correct.
8. In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of error.
.
1. List eight basic initiatives that companies can use to gain c.docxambersalomon88660
1. List eight basic initiatives that companies can use to gain competitive advantage.
2. What factors make one computer more powerful than another?
3. What are the advantages of open source software over proprietary software?
4. _______ means data about data.
.
1. Koffman Corporation is trying to raise capital. What method wou.docxambersalomon88660
1. Koffman Corporation is trying to raise capital. What method would be the least risky to raise capital if it has a less-than-favorable credit rating?
· Bond issuance, since additional debt can provide the company with more leverage.
· Bond issuance, since nobody wants to buy shares of a company with a less-than-perfect credit rating.
· Stock issuance, since stocks are more valuable as finance instruments.
· Stock issuance, since a credit rating won’t negatively affect Koffman’s ability to sell stock.
2. Bookmark question for later
Hal and Miranda have a general partnership business for landscaping projects. Hal makes a contract with a customer for a project one day while Miranda is absent and leaves on vacation the next day. Miranda does not feel she has the time to perform the contract for the customer. Which of the following is true?
· Indeterminable without more information.
· Miranda is obligated to perform the contract.
· Miranda may relinquish her obligation to perform the contract since Hal signed it without her knowledge.
· Only Hal is obligated to perform the contract.
3. Bookmark question for later
Kara wants to build a business. She has plenty of capital and potential investors and partners. She wants to avoid the burden of sole liability for her business and wants to be able to close the business when she is no longer interested in it. Which of the following would lead Kara to choose a sole proprietorship organization for her business?
· Avoidance of sole liability
· Ability to close the business easily
· Plenty of capital
· Many potential investors/partners
4. Bookmark question for later
Lily wants to build a business. She has very little capital. She does, however, have a partner with which she could run a business. Lily wants to be able to avoid being held personally liable for any problems the business has. Which of the following would lead Lily to choose a sole proprietorship organization for her business?
· None of the above
· Avoidance of personal liability
· Little capital
· Possession of a partner
5. Bookmark question for later
Abigail is a manager at her company. The company just launched an initiative to improve its corporate citizenship practices. Abilgail is responsible for all but which of the following areas?
· Vigilance of the board of directors
· Disclosure and transparency
· Integrity and ethical behavior
· Safeguarding shareholders' interests
6. Bookmark question for later
Match each event with the order in which it occurs in the formation of a corporation.
First
Fourth
Third
Second
Drag and drop the choices from below.
Incorporators select a name for the corporation
Novations are executed
Business selects a state of incorporation
Articles of incorporation are filed
Reset Answers
7. Bookmark question for later
Mario and Johnny want to start a business. They have very little capital. They are new partners and largely unfamiliar with each other’s management practices. They are happy, however, to .
1. List all the entities that interact with the TIMS system. Start b.docxambersalomon88660
1. List all the entities that interact with the TIMS system. Start by reviewing the data library,
previous e-mail messages, DFDs, and other documentation.
2. Draw an ERD that shows cardinality relationships among the entities. Send the diagram
to Jesse.
3. For each entity, Jesse wants to see table designs in 3NF. Use standard notation format to
show the primary key and the other fields in each table.
4. Jesse wants to use sample data to populate fields for at least three records in each table.
Better get started on this right away.
.
1. Know the terminology flash cards.2. Know the hist.docxambersalomon88660
This document discusses the socio-political, ethical, and legal challenges of implementing a One Health approach to emerging infectious diseases. A One Health approach calls for cross-sector collaboration between human, animal, and environmental health to effectively control and prevent diseases at the human-animal interface. However, emerging infectious disease events involve complex social and economic factors beyond just pathogens. Effective policies require understanding these dynamics and being aligned with public values. Key challenges include developing social science research on disease impacts and responses, creating analytical frameworks to promote collaboration and knowledge sharing, engaging the public, integrating ethics into decision-making, and focusing on meaningful reform rather than rhetoric. Overcoming these challenges will be necessary for One Health to achieve its goals of emerging infectious disease control
1. Journal Entry The attached (BUROS Center for Testing).docxambersalomon88660
1. Journal Entry:
The attached (BUROS Center for Testing) website link presents and explained the
seven assessment competencies needed by teachers in detail:
http://buros.org/standards-teacher-competence-educational-assessment-
students (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. .
Read the information provided on this site and in your Journal self-reflect on the
following question: What is my current level of understanding and skill in these
competencies? In your self-reflection be sure to address EACH of the seven
competencies.
NOTE: It is a self-reflection, so you can NOT use any sources other than the
attached website.
DUE: in 24 hours
How nondirective therapy directs: The power of empathy in the context
of unconditional positive regard
Marvin Frankela*, Howard Rachlinb and Marika Yip-Bannicqc
aSarah Lawrence College, New York, USA; bStony Brook University, New York, USA; cNew
York University, New York, USA
(Received 26 November 2011; final version received 16 May 2012)
This paper explains how acceptance and empathy are vehicles for psychothe-
rapeutic change by showing how these factors function in nondirective client-
centered therapy. The paper argues that because the nondirective client-centered
therapist’s unconditional positive regard may conflict with the client’s conditional
self-regard, the therapy cultivates a novel restructuring of the client’s narrative.
By revealing how positive therapeutic change can result from the interplay of
unconditional positive regard and empathy, the article explains the effectiveness
of classical client-centered therapy in particular and accounts at least in part for
the effectiveness of other therapies that stress the healing properties of the
psychotherapeutic relationship.
Keywords: empathy; unconditional positive regard; Gestalt figure/ground
relationships
Wie nicht-direktive Therapie dirigiert
Dieser Artikel erklärt, wie Akzeptanz und Empathie das Agens therapeutischer
Veränderung sind, indem er zeigt, wie diese Faktoren in der nicht-direktiven
klient-zentrierten Therapie funktionieren. Gerade weil das bedingungslose
positive Beachten des nicht-direktiven klientzentrierten Therapeuten im Konflikt
liegen kann mit der Sicht des Klienten auf sich selbst, die voller Bedingungen
steckt, gerade deshalb kultiviert die Therapie eine neuartige Restrukturierung des
Klienten-Narrativs. Positive therapeutische Veränderung resultiert aus dem
Zusammenspiel zwischen bedingungsloser positiver Beachtung und Empathie.
Die Effektivität der klassischen Klientzentrierten Therapie ist zumindest teilweise
die Ursache, wenn es um die Wirksamkeit anderer Therapien geht, die die
heilende Dimension der psychotherapeutischen Beziehung betonen.
Cómo dirige la terapia no directiva
Este escrito explica cómo la aceptación y la empatı́a son vehı́culos de cambio
psicoterapéutico, mostrando cómo funcionan estos factores en la terapia no
directiva centrada en el cliente. El.
1. Introduction and thesisThrough extensive research I hope to f.docxambersalomon88660
1. Introduction and thesis
Through extensive research I hope to find the answer a specific question. How does culture affect the household? In this paper I will research various parenting styles, and how culture affects the parenting style and personalities. Through my research I am hoping to attain and comprehend how culture affects not only the household, but also how we view society.
2. Main Body
Various parenting Styles.
Parenting norms
Parenting Priorities
How does culture affect parenting?
Classifications of parenting styles
Cultural Influences on Parenting Styles
How does culture affect our personalities?
What makes us different
How we view certain topics
3. Closing
4. References
.
1. Is it important the hospital to have a licensure to ensure that.docxambersalomon88660
1. Is it important the hospital to have a licensure to ensure that the licensees the minimal degree of competency necessary to ensure that public health,. safety, and the welfare are protected. Typically, they are granted at the state level, if the individual works in multiple jurisdictions, then they must licensed in each jurisdiction. Which the government authorize for grants permission to an individual practitioner or health care organizations to operate or to engage in an occupation or profession. Lincensure regulations are generally established to ensure that an organization or individuals is usually granted after some form of examination or proof of education and may be renewed periodically through payment of a fee and or proof of continuing education or professional competence. Organizational licensure is granted following an on site inspection to determine if minimum health and safety standards have been met. Maintenance of licensure is an on going requirement for the health care organization to operate and care for patients. Requirements needed to deliver when comes to health care to maintaining the licensure. Maintain the quality as new technology, financial resources, improve quality such to reduce waiting time, and implementing process to reduce the rate post operative infections.Ensure public safety the hospital is responsible the patients will not be harmed, responsibility to comply with laws and regulations related to public safety, and reduce staff injury within the organizations. When a hospital don't have a licensure some of them when dont follow rules such malpractice insurers, when don't comply with Joint Commission could seem poor management.
2. The general public does not have adequate information to judge provider qualifications or competence; thus, professional licensure laws are enacted to assure the public that practitioners have met the qualifications and minimum competencies required for practice. Licensure by a governmental agency signifies that the individual has met the minimal degree of competency and proficiency needed to ensure the safety and well-being of the consumer, clients or population being served. Licensure is necessary when the regulated activities are complex and require specialized knowledge and skill and independent decision making. The licensure process determines if the applicant has the necessary skills to safely perform a specified scope of practice by predetermining the criteria needed and evaluating licensure applicants to determine if they meet the criteria. Typically, licensure requirements include some combination of education, training and examination to demonstrate competency. Licensure requirements also involve continuing education, training, and, for some, periodic re-examination. If a hospital did not have this licensure there would be chaos. Readmission rates would be high, there would be no set standards of practice, no protocols or rules to follow and there would be confusion wit.
1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, energy harvesting fro.docxambersalomon88660
The document provides details about a study that evaluated the performance of a tristable magnetic coupled piezoelectric energy harvester for harvesting energy from human walking and running. It establishes a theoretical model for the tristable energy harvester with a time-varying potential energy function based on characteristics of human motion. Experimental results showed that the tristable energy harvester exhibited better performance than a linear energy harvester when applied to human walking and running, with a maximum average output power of 16.38μW. The study provides insights into enhancing energy harvesting from human motions using nonlinear harvester designs.
1. INTRODUCTIONThe rapid of economic growth in China, is a fou.docxambersalomon88660
1. INTRODUCTION
The rapid of economic growth in China, is a foundation of urban expansion, associated with the rise in migrants in urban areas. According to data from Statistics Bureau in China, the urban proportion of the total populations reached 45.7% in 2008 compared to 17.9% in 1978, and is expected to reach 50% by 2020. The presence of a large number of rural labor force in the city, tend to look for adequate and affordable housing, which generate a peculiar outcome in most Chinese cities, urban villages. Urban villages, or Chengzhongcun in Chinese, they mean that the villages in the middle of the city, interact as urban expansion surrounded them (Chung, 2009).
According to land management law in China, the ownership of urban land is state, and the ownership of rural land is collective-owned the village. Besides, land belonging to the rural collectives can only used to solely agricultural and not allowed to sell in the land market. The earliest urban village emerged in China is due to the 1978 Economic Reforms. In order to fulfill the investment and development, the government tends to expropriated farmland in rural villages for urban use because of the limit of capital and time-consuming. Therefore, the settlement villages are been survived while their surrounding environment dramatically development, graduate leading to the formation of urban villages (Hao, et al, 2011).
On the other hand, rural migrants have been flooding into cities because of the demand of cheap labour force in urban areas and the states started to relax restrictions on rural-urban migration after Reforms, which generate great pressure on demand of housing. Generally, China's rental market can be segmented into three kinds: government provided credit houses; commercial residential building in the three level market; and renting houses in “villages” (Hang and Iseman, 2009). However, the social housing for low-income households provided by government are excluded them because of the “Hukou” system, which is the household registration system to different urban and rural population. During the city transformation in China, the government ignored the two weakest groups: villagers who do not have lands and workers from village. It is undeniable that urban villages provide a positive environment for slowing down the unemployment problems of the villagers and the housing problems of the latter (Hao, 2012).
Meanwhile, due to the weak government jurisdiction in urban villages, landlords find out this is a new way to substantially maximize income by providing low-rent accommodation to rural migrants. In the process of farmland requisition, the state does not provide the landlords any employment opportunities after they losing their basis of livelihood, which causes them to have no competitive power in the labour market in the city. The huge profits from house renting business enable them to gain considerable revenue and make a new livelihood. In addiction, some of urban vi.
1. Introduction to the Topica. What is outsourcingi. Ty.docxambersalomon88660
1. Introduction to the Topic
a. What is outsourcing?
i. Types of outsourcing.
ii. Will companies ever stop outsourcing?
b. Economic impacts of outsourcing.
i. Myths about outsourcing and job impact.
ii. What are the risks of outsourcing?
2. Background/Literature Review on Topic
a. Why do companies outsource
The economic argument for outsourcing
.
1. Introduction 1. Technology and communication 1. Technology .docxambersalomon88660
1. Introduction
1. Technology and communication
1. Technology is changing everything that people used to do in the past
1. Communication can be done to people who are at far distance and technology has changed the lifestyle of the people (Drago, 2015).
1. People are rarely using face to face communication as most of them prefer using social networking sites.
1. Face to face communication enable one to express emotions either through facial expression or tone of the voice.
1. Thesis statement: To discuss reasons as to why face to face communication is better as compared to virtual communication.
1. Body section
1. Benefits of face to face communication
1. When people communicate face to face, it creates a motivation as there is exchange of the words as people are together.
1. It also enables one to see sense on what the other person is thinking about (Carlson, 2017).
1. Face to face communication is crucial in strengthening the bond whether for partnership, friendship and relationship in the workplace.
1. Face to face communication enable an individual to express emotions through either tone of the voice or using facial expression.
1. Disadvantages of virtual communication
1. Technical problems because virtual communication depends on the internet, software and machine and sometimes they have malfunction.
1. Some of the Apps which are used in virtual communication need skills for them to be operated.
1. Virtual communication cannot effectively solve problems which can be addressed by face to face communication (Marlow, Lacerenza & Salas, 2017).
1. Conclusion
1. Face to face communication enables people to express their emotions and motivates people.
1. It also strengthens bond between relationship and partnership.
1. Virtual communication depend on the use of garget and sometimes they fail.
.
1. In your definition of a well-run company, how important a.docxambersalomon88660
1. In your definition of a "well-run" company, how important are the following?
a.) Provides excellent customer service
Very important
b.) Has efficient and flexible operations
Very important
c.) Offers high financial return to shareholders
Somewhat important
d.) Attracts and retains exceptional people
Very important
e.) Creates products or services that benefit society
Very important
f.) Adheres to a strong mission
Very important
g.) Invests in employee training and professional development
Very important
h.) Operates according to its values and a strong code of ethics
Very important
i.) Is a stable employer
Very important
j.) Provides competitive compensation
Very important
k.) Adheres to progressive environmental policies
Very important
l.) Produces high-quality products and services
Very important
2. Would you add something to the above list that you think is “very important”? If so, what?
cares about the relationship between employees and management
3. Which of the following issues pose the greatest challenges for today’s CEOs and senior executives?
Breakdown in trust between employees and management, Economic downturn, Lack of public trust in business
4. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
a.) Business people are more likely to care about the social responsibilities of companies when the economy is strong.
Strongly agree
b.) When a multi-national company is entering a new market in a less-developed country, it? has a responsibility to go above and
beyond business success and contribute to the development of the local community.
Somewhat agree
c.) When it comes to the environment, all a company has to do is to comply with the law.
Strongly agree
d.) Companies should maintain their employees’ job security even if they incur a short-term drop in profit as a result.
Strongly agree
e.) Most companies accurately report their earnings and profits.
Somewhat agree
f.) Corporate reputation is important to me in making my decision about the organization where I want to work.
Strongly agree
g.) Managers place too much emphasis on short-term performance measures when making business decisions.
Strongly agree
h.) I anticipate that my own values will sometimes conflict with what I am asked to do in business.
Somewhat disagree
5. If you answered the prior statement “4h” with “somewhat agree” or “strongly agree,” please specify which kinds of values
conflicts you expect to face:
Some possible issues to consider:
n/a
6. Assume you are engaged in each of the following business activities/practices. How likely do you think it is that values conflicts
would arise?
a.) Managing personnel in manufacturing facilities/ plants
Very likely
b.) Outsourcing production operations
Somewhat likely
c.) Investing in less-developed countries
Very likely
d.) Downsizing
Very likely
e.) Financial reporting
Somewhat likely
f.) Natural resource exploration
Somewhat likely
g..
1. In Chapter four titled Academy Training you learned about academi.docxambersalomon88660
1. In Chapter four titled Academy Training you learned about academies and the different approaches they take in training police recruits. In Washington D.C., the Metropolitan Police Department teaches its recruits about Behavioral Science. Question: How important is this lesson, especially in todays environment which pits community versus the police? Be specific when answering the question and give examples. at least be 8 sentences.
2. based on the reading authored by critical race scholar Alana Lentin, please explain the problem with replacing race with multiculturalism in debates on human differences/minority groups. And how, do you think, does multiculturalism tie in with racism in the United States?For those of you who want to further improve their understanding of the term multiculturalism beyond this week’s assigned reading, I suggest you skim through the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on multiculturalism. must be at least 8 sentences. ( articles will be provided)
3. Frank Serpico was a plain clothes NYPD officer who decided not to take part in the embedded corruption that was embedded in the NYPD.When bosses wouldn't listen, he and another cop, Sgt. David Durk, found their way to the New York Times.For Friday write 400 words on who Serpico is/was, mention the history of corruption and the impact. What is the current impact (if any).And, as this a class on the Media and Police, make reference to the significance the NY Times played (as well as the impact of the best selling book and blockbuster film). Police bosses know about such corruption for years (as did elected officials). How did the media - in this case the NY Times force a change in decades long practices?Cite information. Not your own opinion.
.
1. In 200 words, describe how Hamlet promotes andor subverts th.docxambersalomon88660
1. In 200 words, describe how Hamlet promotes and/or subverts the power of satirical imitation to reflect and/or reform authority.
2. In 300 words, compare and contrast how three albums that we have discussed in class promote and/or subvert the power of recording artists to satirically reform both the music industry and popular culture. (The Who Sell Out by The Who, Milo Goes To College by the Descendants, The Beatles(“White Album”) by the Beatles, Little Dark Age by MGMT)
Part I: Health Care Finance
Overview
CHAPTER 2: FOUR THINGS THE HEALTH
CARE MANAGER NEEDS TO KNOW
ABOUT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
Four Segments that Make a Financial
Management System Work
• Original Records — Provide evidence that
some event has occurred.
• The Information System — Gathers this
evidence.
• The Accounting System — Records the
evidence.
• The Reporting System — Produces reports of
the effects.
Four Segments That Make a Financial
System Work
• The healthcare manager needs to know that
these separate elements exist and that they
work together for an end result.
Structure of the Information System
• Identify the inputs
• Identify the outputs
• Examine the Figure 2-1 diagram in the chapter
Function of Flow Sheets
• Flow sheets illustrate the flow of activities that
capture information.
Flow Sheets are Useful Because
• They picture who is responsible for what piece
of information as it enters the system
• Examine the two examples of patient
information flows in the chapter
Figure 2-2: Flowsheets
Figure 2-3: Flowsheets
The Chart of Accounts
• Outlines the elements of your company in an
organized manner.
• Maps out account titles with a method of
numeric coding.
• Is designed to compile financial data in an
uniform manner that can be decoded by the
user.
The Chart of Accounts
• Every organization has differences in its Chart
of Accounts that expresses the unique
differences in its own organizational structure.
• Examine the three examples of different Chart
of Accounts formats in Exhibits 2-1, 2-2 and 2-
3.
Exhibit 2–1 Chart of Accounts, Format I
Exhibit 2–2 Chart of Accounts, Format II
Exhibit 2–3 Chart of Accounts, Format III
Basic System Elements: Books and
Records
• Capture transactions
• Figures 2-4 and 2-5 illustrate this concept.
Books and Records: The Sequence Is…
• Initial transaction to subsidiary journal to
general ledger;
• Review, adjust, balance through the trial
balance;
• Create reports (financial statements)
The Annual Management Cycle
• Affects the type and status of information the
manager uses
The Annual Management Cycle
• The type and status of information used by the
manager includes:
• Daily and Weekly Reports — Generally contain
raw data
• Quarterly Reports and Statistics — Generally
have been verified, adjusted and balanced. Called
“interim” reports; often used as milestones by
managers.
• Annual Year End Reports — Generally.
1. Image 1 courtesy of httpswww.virginiahospitalcenter.com.docxambersalomon88660
1.
Image 1 courtesy of: https://www.virginiahospitalcenter.com/
2.
Image 2 courtesy of: Police magazine October 2013 Issue
3.
Image 3 courtesy of: Forbes magazine April 9, 2012 Issue
4.
Image 4 courtesy of: National Geographic magazine June/July 2015 Issue
In a 2 page APA formatted paper with an additional reference page (template here), analyze the strategic use of sensory visuals:
1. Analyze the use of color; address how it attracts the eye of the targeted audience. How might the targeted audience interpret the color and emotionally respond?
2. Analyze the use of lines; address how it directs the eyes of the viewers. Which types of lines are used? How might the targeted audience interpret the line usage and emotionally respond?
3. Analyze the use of contrast and balance; address how it attracts the eye of the targeted audience. How might the targeted audience emotionally respond to the visual balance and contrast? What if the contrast and balance elements were not there or were different? How would that change the viewer response?
Support the items above by including relevant quotes and paraphrases from academic/scholarly sources.
Be sure to clearly address how these four visual sensory elements attract the eyes of a specific target audience more readily than other audiences. For a thorough analysis, always consider the effect on viewers if these four visuals were used differently or not used at all.
.
1. If I were to create an SEL program, I would focus on self-awar.docxambersalomon88660
1. If I were to create an SEL program, I would focus on: self-awareness, relationship skills and decision-making. I would focus on these skills and values because they are integral in developing emotional intelligence. Self-awareness could be instilled through different activities where a person takes different tests and conducts activities to learn more about their own emotions. By understanding and managing their emotions, they can be more aware to how they act. Additionally, relationship skills can be built through participating in different group activities in which they must work together to solve a problem. These group activities will also integrate decision-making, where participants will learn how to respectfully voice opinions and listen to those of others. At the end of the program, there will be a final group activity which integrates the three core skills, and one must display self-awareness, relationship skills and decision-making to complete the activity.
2. This program would be helpful in teaching factors of emotional intelligence, but it would not teach every important aspect. The first strength of this program would be that it teaches self-awareness before relationship skills, because knowing how to manage and process self-emotions is extremely important when working in a team. Additionally, a strength would be that it is an activity-based program, which will keep kids entertained and learning at the same time. The limitation of this program is that it cannot teach everything about social emotional learning such as social awareness or stress management, however it will be a good start in SEL.
1. The three skills that I would focus on if I were to create an SEL program would be Self-Management, Social Awareness, Responsible Decision Making. These skills are the most essential because self-management is pretty much controlled self-awareness, social awareness is critical to being successful with the other skills, and responsible decision making is critical to any sort of personal and relationship success. I plan on instilling these skills by integrating different forms of activities and exams to ensure that these skills are achieved for their intended purposes. For social awareness I would place people into groups who all have different activities and emotions going on and then quiz them in the end. Self-management can be instilled by keeping tallies of individual outbursts when one gets upset and even putting them in upsetting situations and seeing how the handle them. Additionally, responsible decision making can be more activity and an exam where different situations happen and individuals are rated on how they react to them.
2. The strengths of my program are that they are extremely interactive and also give numerical results. With the combination of interactive activities with other people, real life testing scenarios, and exams it is easy to see the results of individuals to see where they are both st.
1. Identify and discuss the factors that contribute to heritage cons.docxambersalomon88660
1. Identify and discuss the factors that contribute to heritage consistency in your culture (African American) or religion: (ex. religion, beliefs and practices, values and norms)2. Describe traditional aspects of healthcare within your culture or religion3. Address the demographics of your culture or religion in the United States4. Describe barriers to obtaining healthcare that affect your culture or religion.5. Describe how your culture’s or religion’s beliefs and norms might impact communication with a healthcare provider
Paper should
be in your own words
, typed in 12 point font, double spaced, 1 inch margins, between two to three pages in length.
Do not
copy and paste from the internet as this is plagiarism and you will receive a zero for the assignment. You may use one or two quotes from sources as long as the source is given credit. Cite your sources for the paper.
I am an African American Female.
.
1. I think that the top three management positions in a health pla.docxambersalomon88660
1. I think that the top three management positions in a health plan are Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Hospital Administrator and Chief of Nurses. The reason they rank over the rest is because their positions are compelling and crucial in the healthcare. The CEO position is the person who is responsible of management, organizing operations, planning, budgeting, negotiating contracts, studying financial reports. They are the ones in charge of the entire organization and it is imperative that they ensure that everything runs professionally and effectively. Then the Hospital Administrator position is the person responsible of making sure they are working promptly and effectively to generate and manage the budget, quality assurance policies and the hiring of physicians. Their job is also to be responsible in making sure they are up to date with all government regulations and law compliance and by not doing so it can cost them their job and cause fines to their organization. Last is the Chief of Nursing position is the person who is responsible of the overseeing of the nursing staff, they see the department’s budget, they must report to high level staff-members like the CEO, they maintain a high standard of care, review patients’ data and medical records to professionally relate and interact with physicians, patients and family members. You can tell by reading the responsibilities of these positions you realize how essential they are to the health plan and how every responsibility is meticulous to each position. Even though I picked these 3 as the top management position I still feel that all positions hold an important part in the health plan.
2. Healthcare industry offers many different opportunities in its field, working in this industry you have many choices where to choose from like for instance become a secretary to being an analyst or end up being a doctor. There is room to explore different careers and work closely with a variety of professionals. In this growing market the top three careers that would be more in demand would be Nurses, Physicians and Physical Therapists. There is a vast list of opportunities in health care that if you work with effort you will. As we all know nurses are every where and at all times even if the doctor's are not present. They make home visits to check on patient's health and keeping track of their health. Going through nursing is not a piece of cake there is a lot to be learn physically, emotionally and mentally. Becoming a physician is becoming less popular since there are so many other choices out there people see that becoming a physician is a lot of hassle and instead become something else. This career choice will be need in the next few years. Physical Therapy is my third option, with all this baby boomer community the demand for doctor's specially therapist will increase for at least 20% in the next few years. This generation of elderly community is more aware of their health and will seek more tre.
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Writing for SuccessAuthor James E. Vincler Nancy Horlick Vincle.docx
1. Writing for Success
Author: James E. Vincler Nancy Horlick Vincler Vincler
Communications Inc.; Kim, Irene
Publication info: Chemical Engineering ; New York 104.2 (Feb
1997): 111.
ProQuest document link
Abstract:
If you design and implement your correspondence as carefully
as you do your engineering projects, your return on investment
will be more than worth the effort. Good correspondence can
help you get requests granted, sell your projects to upper
management and maintain optimal relationships with internal
and external customers. No matter who receives the
correspondence, neatness, correct spelling, clear organization
and concise writing all show a professional attitude and respect
for the reader. Guidelines are presented for writing
successfully.
Links:Check Full Text Availability
Full text:
If you're like many engineers, you might think of writing
memos and letters as an onerous task or obligation that does
little to help you in your daily activities. But, if you design and
implement your correspondence as carefully as you do your
engineering projects, your return on investment will be more
than worth the effort. Good correspondence can help you get
requests granted, ``sell'' your projects to upper management and
maintain optimal relationships with internal and external
customers.
Memos and letters are similar, containing news, requests, legal
points, problem descriptions or solutions. Both may also serve
as records of past actions -- such as technical events,
observations and findings. In their most-effective form, both are
brief, ranging from a few sentences up to a full page,
but no more.
2. The main difference is in the reader: Memos are usually written
for someone inside the organization, while letters typically go
to outside readers. Usually, an inside reader doesn't need as
much introduction to you or to your topic, product or
terminology.
No matter who receives the correspondence, neatness, correct
spelling, clear organization and concise writing all show a
professional attitude and respect for your reader. In addition to
having a positive effect on the reader, you want your memos
and letters to reflect well on you, the writer.
Setting the right tone
If you've decided that a memo or letter is the best way to go
(box), it's time to work on your ``memo mindset.'' Your tone
conveys not only your message, but also your attitude.
Depending on the situation, you may select a tone that's formal,
informal or casual. Think about how you would speak to your
reader in the current situation, and just put that into your memo
or letter.
For a thank-you note to a supplier, use a positive and informal,
yet professional tone. For example, ``Your always-on-time
delivery to our Mainville construction site helped our district
crew complete its rerouting project a week before the deadline.
Thank you.''
A recommendation to a prospective client may require a more-
formal, but not stuffy, tone: ``Pipex Corp. has delivered pipe
materials to the South Bay Water District for the past decade,
consistently ensuring prompt delivery and one of the most-
efficient monitoring systems in the business.''
For a brief memo to compliment an employee for a job well
done, use a casual, appreciative tone: ``You did it! You
spearheaded one of our most-successful design projects this
year. Thanks for your excellent work and award-winning
results.''
The three-part pattern
Correspondence has a beginning, a middle and an end -- called,
respectively, the orientation, information and close. At the
3. beginning of your message, you want to grab your reader's
attention within just a few seconds and keep him or her
interested enough to keep reading.
The orientation may briefly answer any of the five ``W''
questions: who, what, when, where and why. The information
section then elaborates on what you've said in the orientation,
filling in the details. And the close might request confirmation,
assign duties or mention the expected outcome.
Messages for all occasions
Most memos and letters fall into the following categories.
News or updates. If writing about a discovery, problem,
solution, meeting or contract win, you're sharing that
information to keep your readers current. Give the basic
information, and don't drag it out.
Requests for products, help, money or information. Keep one
point in mind: Ask for what you want -- though not necessarily
in the first sentence. You may first need to persuade your reader
to see things your way.
If the reader is resistant to your request, explain in the
orientation how the project you're working on will benefit him
or her. In the information section, tell what aspect of the project
you need help with, and perhaps explain what discrepancy,
conflict or unanswered questions you have found in your
research. In the close, be specific. ``Your cooperation will be
appreciated'' doesn't tell the reader what you need from him or
her. If you need specific data, detail your needs. If you want an
opinion, ask for one.
``Yes'' replies. Reread the letter you're answering to ensure that
you understand the request or problem. Address the point
immediately, giving only enough details to solve the problem or
answer the question.
``No'' responses. You want to firmly refuse a request without
alienating the reader. Keep a respectful, positive tone. First,
reread the request to make sure you understand the reader's need
and that the reader understands your product or service. (E.g., if
the reader simply misunderstands your CAD package and is
4. trying to draw cartoons with it, tactfully explain the product's
correct use.)
If you must write a ``no'' letter, open with a courteous, soothing
comment that shows a positive approach. Subordinate bad news
to good news (if you have any). Explain or justify your refusal
reasonably and logically. Don't give company policy as a reason
-- give the reason behind the policy. Try to offer a reasonable
alternative or consolation. End positively, and offer the reader a
suggested benefit, if possible.
Rapport builders, such as thanks, congratulations or
recognition. Although easy to write and greatly appreciated by
all, these are fairly uncommon. With these, avoid conditional
expressions, such as ``I would like to thank you,'' which implies
that you would like to thank the reader, but somehow can't. Just
say ``thank you.''
Similarly, don't thank someone ``in advance,'' as this sounds
like you're trying to coax or coerce the person into doing
something. Instead, say, ``I will (not would) appreciate your
help on this project.'' Keep these notes short and concise.
Recommendations. With a proliferation of hiring-based
lawsuits, some companies now refuse to write recommendation
letters. However, if your company allows you to write such
documents, make sure your letter explains how long you've
known the individual, your business relationship with him or
her and your honest evaluation of the person's skills, with
examples.
Sales letters for overcoming potential resistance to your idea,
project, product or service. As an engineer, you have to sell
your ideas. Explain how your idea will benefit your reader.
Since most benefits are measured in terms of money, your best
bet may be to explain how your project can save the reader
money.
On the other hand, if you're trying to sell the solution to a
problem, just state the problem clearly, and then offer the
solution as your best option.
Adapted from Engineering Your Writing Success by James and
5. Nancy Vincler (1996: Professional Publications Inc., Belmont,
Calif.).
AuthorAffiliation
James Vincler and Nancy Vincler are owners of Vincler
Communications Inc. (P.O. Box 3479, Redwood City, CA
94064; Phone: 415-364-5136; Fax: 415-364-5273). Currently
writing and training consultants, they are past presidents and
directors of the Peninsula Marketing Assn. and are members of
the American Soc. for Training and Development. James
Vincler, with a B.A. in journalism from Pennsylvania State U.,
has experience in public relations, business and sports editing
and technical writing. Nancy Vincler, with an M.A. in English
and education from California State U. at Los Angeles and a
B.S. in education from Clarion U. (Pennsylvania), has
experience in teaching English, tutoring languages and serving
as director of a learning-disabilities center. Their clients
include Hewlett-Packard Co., Blue Shield of Calif., Chevron
U.S.A., Pacific Gas & Electric, Kaiser Permanente, Genentech,
Synopsys and Allergan International.
Subject: Writing; Correspondence; Interpersonal
communication; Guidelines
Location: US
Classification: 9190: US; 9150: Guidelines; 2200: Managerial
skills
Publication title: Chemical Engineering; New York
Volume: 104
Issue: 2
Pages: 111
Number of pages: 0
Publication year: 1997
Publication date: Feb 1997
Section: YOU & YOUR JOB
Publisher: Access Intelligence LLC
Place of publication: New York
Country of publication: United States
Publication subject: Chemistry, Engineering--Chemical
6. Engineering
ISSN: 00092460
Source type: Trade Journals
Language of publication: English
Document type: PERIODICAL
Accession number: 01376311
ProQuest document ID: 194430911
Document
URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/194430911?accounti
d=9699
Copyright: Copyright 1997 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Last updated: 2016-11-19
Database: ABI/INFORM Global
Good Corporate Writing: Why It Matters, and What to Do
Author: Canavor, Natalie; Meirowitz, Claire
Publication info: Communication World ; San Francisco 22.4
(Jul/Aug 2005): 30-33.
ProQuest document link
Abstract:
Quality writing on the corporate scene is in bad shape. There
are ways to counteract the downward slide, but the reasons for
it are profound, and the fix won't be a quick one. To get to the
bottom line, what does bad writing cost companies in terms of
credibility, image and sales? What happens when the audience
can't understand or won't read the message? Much business
writing is obtuse and pretentious - the exact opposite of simple,
clear, concise language. Obtuse writing is more inappropriate
than ever in the wake of globalization. Whatever the language,
there's a critical need for clear, jargon-free writing that can be
readily understood by non-native readers, and that can easily be
translated. How to correct the problem? First, it has to be
acknowledged. Then make good writing a core value, train
employees, and give them tools and examples. Public education
is failing to turn out good writers - 40% of companies report
7. having to train employees to write.
Links:Check Full Text Availability
Full text:
Headnote
Poor corporate writing-in press releases, ads, brochures, web
sites and more-is costing companies credibility and revenues.
Here's how to put the focus back on clear communication
Enlarge this image.
Can good writing be tied to the corporate bottom line?
We conducted a totally unscientific survey, tapping IABC
colleagues, WorldWIT (Women in Technology) and other
networks for insights into the state of corporate writing and its
impact on organizational health.
We got an earful of anecdotal evidence that revealed that 1 )
quality writing on the corporate scene is in bad shape; 2) it
matters-a lot; and 3) there are ways to counteract the downward
slide, but the reasons for it are profound, and the fix won't be a
quick one.
We acknowledge at the outset that we began our survey without
any claim to objectivity. As professionals whose entire careers
have been invested in the crafts of business writing and editing,
our feelings about what we see in all media-from newspapers to
organizational newsletters to government forms to web sites-
hover too often between dismay and horror.
We can't help wondering what readers think when they read,
"The network must seamlessly accommodate these immerging
usage patterns," or, in a food catalog, "Your taste buds will
experience an exciting bust of flavor."
Typos are inevitable, you may say, and people forgive such
carelessness. But consider a few recent examples of convoluted
writing from our cringe collection.
From a global company's advertorial: "Given the limitations on
current storage management technology imposed by
heterogeneous storage infrastructure, achieving nominal
capacity allocation and utilization efficiency is nothing short of
a black art."
8. Or this, from a web site that, as far as we can figure out,
promotes services that test the user-friendliness of web sites:
"Design happens at the intersection of the user, the interface,
and their context. It's essential for interface designers to
understand the gamut of contexts that can occur, thereby
ensuring they create designs that are usable no matter what's
happening around the user."
So here's the question: What does writing like this cost
companies in terms of credibility, image and sales? What's the
result when audiences cannot understand what we're saying, or
simply don't read it? How do we measure the dollar loss of
failing to explain our products, messages and values?
The ponderous and the pretentious
"You've just got to wonder if so much corporate writing is
really written to be understood," comments Don Ranly, who has
been teaching journalism at the University of Missouri for 31
years and who has led close to 1,000 writing seminars in
corporate settings. "You've got to know so much of it is
ponderous and pretentious and trying so hard to be obtuse that
it's just the opposite of simple, clear, concise language that says
what it's trying to say."
Obtuse writing is more inappropriate than ever in the wake of
globalization. Whatever the language, there's a critical need for
clear, jargon-free writing that can be readily understood by non-
native readers, and that can easily be translated.
During the course of our research, we learned of two defense
contractors whose communications produced very different
results. One, which will not be named, was competing for major
contracts against several other companies and, having brilliant
engineers, was confident of winning them. But that didn't
happen. Why? Poor proposals. "They had no clear direction,
they were too complex, they were not well organized, [and] the
sections didn't connect or flow," explains MeI Haber, whose
company, Writing Development Associates, of Little Neck, New
York, USA, has been working with private industry and
government for 25 years. The contractor brought Haber in to
9. help the team write clearer-and, ideally, winning-proposals.
However, the other contractor, GSE Dynamics, based in
Hauppauge, New York, has recognized the benefits of good
writing. "We work directly with the government and have to
look and be professional in everything we present," says Vice
President Anne D. Shybunko-Moore. "The more clearly we
express our needs or requests for clarifications, the easier it is
for the government to respond accordingly." Beyond the
efficiency and competitive advantage gained, Shybunko-Moore
has actually received letters from the defense supply center
thanking her for the company's communications "because
they're so clear and [our] technical questions are so accurate,"
she reports.
In both cases, it's clear that much of the key writing is not
coming from communication departments. Indeed,
organizationwide, more people than ever before are being called
on to write-proposals, reports, letters, web sites, newsletters.
Often they've had no training, and get little help.
Are major companies noticing the results? A study released in
September 2004 documents that in the United States they most
definitely are. The National Commission on Writing surveyed
120 CEOs of companies that belong to The Business Roundtable
and issued a report titled Writing: A Ticket to Work...or a
Ticket Out; A Survey of Business Leaders. Among its
highlights: Two-thirds of salaried employees in large companies
have some writing responsibility, and getting hired and
promoted in many industries demands this skill.
However, people are coming to work unable to write because,
the report charges, public education is failing to teach them.
George Giokas, CEO of Hauppauge, New York-based Staff
Writers Plus, which supplies companies with writing services,
agrees with this finding. He sees definite erosion in writing
skills even among entry-level people who aspire to writing
careers. "Young people are not reading enough. Learning the
rules of grammar is not learning to write," he says. "You have
to listen and feel words, not go by subject and verbs, which is
10. how teachers teach."
What's the bottom line?
The ultimate result: 40 percent of the companies responding to
the Writing Commission's survey said they find it necessary to
invest in training employees to write-to the tune of an estimated
$3 billion-plus annually.
Are corporate communicators involved with making these
expensive training arrangements? Are they advising business
leaders about how to improve writing companywide?
We suggest that corporate communicators should not only be
involved, but should be leading the charge. Nothing could be
more important. If we can't write, we aren't communicating.
Sidebar
Skill-building strategies
If you think your company's communication skills could use
improvement, there are steps you can take.
* It's like psychotherapists say: First you've got to acknowledge
that you have a problem-in your department and/or your
company overall. You also have to decide that good writing is
worth the battle. If your communication unit is turning out
sterling, appropriate prose, good for you. But according to
Diane Turnbull's recent article on communication in Lab
Medicine, "business consultants and counselors vouch that
communication is the No. 1 problem in the workplace."
* Centralize the review of important written materials, and
make writing supervision an important job. Vica Vinogradava
was hired by DataArt Inc., a New York software outsourcing
firm with a development center in Russia, to be the vice
president of corporate communication. Part of the reason
Vinogradava was hired was that DataArt had signed some
important clients, and a typo on an invitation to a corporate
party was no longer an option. DataArt has just 165 employees,
but a company with thousands of employees could implement
this approach on a department-by-department basis.
* Training, training, training. In the old days, many corporate
communicators had honed their skills early on as journalists.
11. Today, those without that experience-whether they are
professional communicators or employees in other departments
who find themselves writing for internal or external audiences-
can benefit from intensive training. A set of outside workshops
or an internal course by a good writing instructor can be
productive.
* Give employees tools to use. A reference book or style guide
can solve a lot of problems, but few companies use them. You
can urge adoption of an existing one (see list on page 32) or,
better yet, create your own, dictating how things should be
done. Yes, it's time-consuming, and it needs to be done
collaboratively. Also consider furnishing templates for lower-
level employees to draw on for writing letters and other day-to-
day communication.
* Gain support by connecting writing to core goals.
Demonstrate how strong writing can help achieve sales,
efficient staff interaction, successful proposals or whatever
other objective is important. Have the courage to build tracking
into your own materials. Success breeds support. Demonstrate
return on investment, response rate, reader interest or better
understanding of benefits or policies, and you're likely to enlist
management in the cause-and get bigger budgets.
* Show them business publications such as The Wall Street
Journal, The Financial Times or the Asia Times. "We never
write for the [target] audience-we write for those who approve
our copy," observes journalism professor Don Ranly. "And
those people think they're better communicators than those they
hired to do the job." Gaining trust from higher-ups is critical, he
points out. "Once they trust you, they will let you write the
message the way you want to."
Specifically, he says, write the way The Wall Street Journal
does-"interesting, bright, full of anecdotes and examples, paced,
varied"-and use it to make the case with executives. "These
people generally think of the Journal as their Bible and read it
religiously," Ranly says. "It tests out at the eighth-grade level!
So many people feel they should be writing on a graduate or
12. college level when there is no reason to do that whatsoever."
-N.C. & C.M
Sidebar
We can't help wondering what readers think when they read in a
food catalog, "Your taste buds will experience an exciting bust
of flavor."
More people than ever before are being called on to write-
proposals, reports, letters, web sites, newsletters. Often they've
had no training, and get little help.
Selected resources for improved writing
Style guides-general use: The Gregg Reference Manual, The
Associated Press Stylebook, The New York Times Manual of
Style and Usage, The Chicago Manual of Style, Words into
Type, U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual.
Style guides-specific fields: MLA (Modern Language
Association) Style Manual, AMA (American Medical
Association) Manual of Style, CBE (Council of Biology
Editors) Manual for Authors, Editors and Publishers. Several
other professions also have their own style guides.
Dictionaries: Merriam-Webster's Collegiate, American Heritage
College, Random House, Webster's College, Webster's New
World.
Usage guides: Follett's Modern American Usage: A Guide;
Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage; Bernstein's The
Careful Writer: A Modern Guide to English Usage; Strunk &
White's The Elements of Style; Zinsser's On Writing Well;
Lauchman's Plain Style: Techniques for Simple, Concise,
Emphatic Business Writing.
Grammar handbooks: The Elements of Grammar, The New
Webster's Grammar Guide, The Oxford Companion to the
English Language, The Handbook of Good English.
AuthorAffiliation
Natalie Canavor is a business writer who focuses on
publications, feature writing, and scripting for video and
interactive media. She also teaches business writing. Formerly
she was a national magazine editor-in-chief and, for more than
13. 15 years, communications director for a major educational
agency. E-mail her at [email protected].
Claire Meirowitz, the owner of Professional Editing Services, is
an editor, writer, proofreader and publications project manager
based on Long Island, New York, USA, where she specializes in
information technology, business and labor relations. She has
20-plus years of experience in publishing and in university
public relations. E-mail her at [email protected].
Both are board members of IABC/Long Island (New York).
Subject: Business writing; Effectiveness; Skill development;
Corporate culture; Guidelines
Location: United States US
Classification: 9190: United States; 2500: Organizational
behavior; 6200: Training & development; 9150: Guidelines
Publication title: Communication World; San Francisco
Volume: 22
Issue: 4
Pages: 30-33
Number of pages: 4
Publication year: 2005
Publication date: Jul/Aug 2005
Publisher: International Association of Business Communicators
Place of publication: San Francisco
Country of publication: United Kingdom
Publication subject: Business And Economics--Management
ISSN: 07447612
Source type: Trade Journals
Language of publication: English
Document type: Feature
ProQuest document ID: 210234377
Document
URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/210234377?accounti
d=9699
Copyright: Copyright International Association of Business
Communicators Jul/Aug 2005
Last updated: 2014-05-26
14. Database: ABI/INFORM Global
Evaluating writing: A selection procedure for recruiting
accountants
Author: Rankin, Larry J
Publication info: Ohio CPA Journal ; Columbus 55.1 (Feb
1996): 19.
ProQuest document link
Abstract:
While the accounting profession recognizes effective writing as
an important capability of its newly hired personnel,
corporations, accounting firms and other organizations rarely
evaluate the writing skills of their potential hirees as a specific
selection procedure in recruiting. Traditional strategies of
screening students' resumes and grade point averages,
conducting on-campus interviews, and sponsoring office visits
appear to provide little information about the writing skills of
prospective accountants. A 4 step selection procedure to
encourage and enable employers to evaluate the writing skills of
potential hirees is presented: 1. Identify specific writing skills.
2. Develop a writing skills evaluation form. 3. Decide who
evaluates the writing. 4. Obtain writing samples for evaluation.
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Abstract
While the accounting profession recognizes effective writing as
an important capability of its newly hired personnel,
corporations, accounting firms and other organizations rarely
evaluate the writing skills of their potential hirees as a specific
selection procedure in recruiting. Traditional strategies of
screening students' resumes and grade point averages,
conducting on-campus interviews, and sponsoring office visits
appear to provide little information about the writing skills of
prospective accountants. This article suggests and describes a
15. four-step selection procedure designed to encourage and enable
employers to evaluate the writing skills of potential hirees.
The purpose of this article is to suggest a four-step selection
procedure designed to encourage and enable corporations,
accounting firms and other organizations to evaluate the writing
skills of potential hirees. The four steps are as follows:
Step 1: Identify specific writing skills.
Step 2: Develop a writing skills evaluation form.
Step 3: Decide who evaluates the writing.
Step 4: Obtain writing samples for evaluation.
Step 1: Identify Specific Writing Skills
As the first step in a recruiting strategy designed to evaluate the
writing of potential hirees, employers should identify the
specific writing skills associated with successfully producing
documents in their work places. The identified job-related skills
will then serve as valid criteria for which potential hirees'
writing capabilities can be evaluated.
Organizations may carry out this writing skill identification
process by consulting their practitioners, consulting writing
specialists, or referencing published works. As one example of a
published work, authors Claire and Gordon May identify and
illustrate several specific writing skills in their excellent book
Effective Writing: Handbook for Accountants (1996). These
skills include accountants capabilities to write in a coherent,
clear, and concise manner; use standard English correctly,
including the proper use of grammar, punctuation, and spelling;
design and prepare documents in a professional manner; and
document references appropriately.
For illustrative purposes only, the remainder of this section
describes the specific writing skills identified by the Mays.
Employers may adopt these skills or identify others to serve as
criteria for evaluating the writing skills of prospective
accountants. Organizations may also identify multiple groups of
writing skills with certain groups of skills more suitable to
different entrylevel positions, e.g., staff accountants,
supervisors, managers.
16. Coherence
Coherence is a particular writing skill enabling accountants to
express their ideas in a logical and orderly way. Different
qualities of coherence in accounting documents include the
following: determine who receives the writing and for what
purposes; determine the tone and style of writing; achieve unity
within the writing by using thesis, topic, and summary
sentences appropriately; organize ideas so that readers will find
them easy to follow and understand; and edit and revise written
work.
Clarity and Conciseness
The writing skills of clarity and conciseness enable accountants
to express their thoughts simply and clearly. Following are
different features of clarity and conciseness: use accounting
technical terms that readers understand; avoid the use of jargon,
unnecessarily large or unfamiliar words, and complex sentences;
use the active voice rather than the passive voice for verbs; use
descriptive nouns; use transitional words, transitional sentences,
and transitional paragraphs appropriately; and use variety in
sentence structure and length.
Standard English Grammar
A mastery of standard English equips accountants to write
grammatically correct documents. Different qualities of this
particular writing skill include the following: avoid fragments
or incomplete sentences; avoid dangling modifiers and
misplaced modifiers; use parallel structure to ensure that
sentence elements are grammatically uniform; use verb tense
(past, present, future) consistently; use verb mood (indicative,
imperative, subjunctive) consistently; use subject-verb
agreement; avoid faulty references, (a pronoun does not agree
with its antecedent in number, person and gender); use
capitalization correctly.
Standard English Punctuation
Accountants' correct use of punctuation is another writing skill
associated with a mastery of standard English. Appropriate uses
of punctuation include the following: avoid the use of a comma
17. to separate two independent clauses not joined by a
coordinating conjunction; avoid fused sentences in which two
independent clauses are joined without any punctuation; and use
apostrophes to show possession, not usually to form plurals.
Standard English Spelling
Mastery of standard English further includes the ability of
accountants to spell words correctly in work documents.
Characteristics of good spelling include using the dictionary to
check the spelling of words, using spell check software, and
proofreading documents for spelling errors.
Document Design and Appearance
Another writing skill enables accountants to select appropriate
types of documents and to prepare documents in a professional
manner. Different features of this skill include the following:
select the appropriate type of document; use the correct form
for writing letters, reports, memoranda, or other document
types; prepare documents that are professionally acceptable in
appearance; use formatting devices such as headings, lists, and
graphic or other illustrations in order to improve the
attractiveness and readability of documents; and avoid penciled
or inked insertions or corrections.
Documentation and References
The last writing skill identified in this section describes
accountants' capabilities to correctly document quotations and
other references from external sources. Different qualities of
this capability include the following: recognizing content
material that should be referenced in the work document; using
internal documentation, endnotes, or footnotes to reference
external sources; and preparing a bibliography of cited
references, if necessary.
The next section describes how to develop a writing skills
evaluation form that is based on writing skills identified as
important in a specific workplace. Step 2: Develop a Writing
Skills
Evaluation Form
The second step in a selection procedure to evaluate the writing
18. of potential hirees is to develop a writing skills evaluation
form. The form provides employers a formal means to document
the evaluation of applicants' writing capabilities. Organizations
which identify a group of writing skills equally applicable to all
entry-level positions should develop a single form containing
those writing skills. Organizations which identify different
groups of writing skills applicable to different levels of
potential hirees (e.g., staff accountants, supervisors, and
managers), should develop different evaluation forms, each
specific to the hiree level.
This section both illustrates a potentially useful writing skills
evaluation form and describes its two components, listing the
specific writing skills and providing alternative choices for
evaluating the skills. The illustrated form is based on the Mays'
identified writing skills described in the previous section.
Listing the Writing Skills
The writing skills evaluation form should first contain a listing
and brief description of each writing skill identified by
accounting organizations. For example, the left side of the
sample form shown on page 23 lists and summarizes the skills
described previously: coherence, clarity and conciseness,
grammar, punctuation, spelling, document appearance, and
documentation.
In addition, the evaluation form should contain a single
category representing an overall evaluation of writing skills.
Providing Evaluation Choices
The evaluation form should contain alternative choices for
qualitatively evaluating each writing skill. For example, the
sample form uses the following evaluations: Very Good (no
examples of writing errors), Good (one or two examples of
writing errors), Fair (several or repeated writing errors), and
Poor (many or constant examples of errors).
Step 3: Decide Who Evaluates the Writing
The third step in the selection procedure is to decide who
should evaluate the writing of potential hirees. Should
managing partners in CPA firms evaluate the writing
19. capabilities of their applicants? Should corporations employ
writing specialists to evaluate the writing of potential hirees?
Or should these organizations use diagnostic tests for writing
evaluation purposes? Each of these approaches is discussed
below. Practitioners
The first approach requires practicing accountants to evaluate
the writing samples of their potential hirees and complete the
writing skills evaluation form.
Advantages to this approach are its practicality and perceived
cost savings, especially among small and medium sized firms.
First, practitioners' working knowledge of their organizations'
documents provides a practical and easy way to evaluate
applicants' writing skills. A related advantage is that
practitioners, particularly those in supervisory and managerial
positions, may be able to evaluate writing skills required for
different entry-level positions.
Several disadvantages, however, may discourage CPA firms and
corporations, especially larger ones, from using this approach.
A serious disadvantage is how do organizations meaningfully
compare the writing evaluation forms completed by its
practitioners who may subjectively interpret both the specific
writing skills and evaluation choices differently? Many
practitioners are not sufficiently trained to evaluate specific
writing skills. Finally, practitioners may not have the time to
carry out this potential selection procedure.
Writing Specialists
Another approach in deciding who evaluates the writing of
potential hirees involves employing writing specialists.
Organizations may employ such specialists either on a
permanent basis or with part-time contracts. These writing
specialists are capable of evaluating the writing samples of
prospective accountants and completing the writing skills
evaluation form. (To find a writing specialist, try
technical/business writing instructors at a university or college.)
This approach provides employers with several advantages. One
is that organizations can rely on writing specialists to both
20. competently evaluate the writing capabilities of prospective
accountants and complete the writing skills evaluation form. A
second advantage is that this approach is cost effective if a
large number of applicants are hired for the same entry-level
position, e.g., hiring graduates as staff accountants. Writing
specialists should be able to evaluate the different writing skills
required for different positions. Finally, an important advantage
is that specialists will give employers a more consistent way of
evaluating writing, resulting in better comparability of potential
hirees' writing skills.
Disadvantages of this approach are increased cost and
impracticality. First, in addition to the direct costs of employing
writing specialists, there may be administrative costs associated
with coordinating writing specialist activities and waiting for
writing evaluation results. A second disadvantage is that this
approach may neither be cost effective nor practical for small
and medium sized accounting organizations.
Diagnostic Tests
A third approach for evaluating the writing of potential hirees is
to use diagnostic tests. Such tests are available from
organizations such as Educational Testing Service (Princeton,
New Jersey) in either standardized or customized forms.
Customized tests enable accounting organizations to test and
evaluate the specific writing skills of their prospective
accountants.
The primary advantage of this approach is that the results of
diagnostic tests provide a more meaningful measurement of
potential hirees' writing capabilities, enabling employers to
more objectively compare the writing skills of competing job
candidates. Another advantage of using diagnostic tests is its
cost effectiveness if large organizations hire a large number of
applicants for the same entry-level position, e.g., national
public accounting firms hiring college graduates for staff
accountant positions.
The main disadvantage of this approach for accounting
organizations is increased cost; that is, costs either to acquire
21. the rights to use standardized tests or to develop and use valid
and reliable customized tests. Further administrative costs
involve the coordinating of diagnostic test-taking activities and
waiting for test results. For many employers, the use of
diagnostic tests may neither be a cost effective nor a practical
alternative to evaluate the writing skills of potential hirees.
Step 4: Obtain Writing Samples for Evaluation
The last step in a selection procedure to evaluate the writing of
prospective accountants is obtaining writing samples
Current Samples at the Start of Recruitment
One way for accounting organizations to obtain writing samples
from potential hirees is to require one or more of their writings
as a condition for starting the recruiting process. This may be
accomplished by requiring prospective accountants to either
prepare short papers, specifically assigned by practitioners or
writing specialists, or take diagnostic writing tests. For validity
purposes, assigned short papers should focus on real job-related
topics and specific document forms.
Requiring current writing samples at the start of recruitment
offers several advantages. Employers can use the writing
evaluation results as additional input for screening applicants.
Also, by using either similar writing assignments or diagnostic
tests, organizations improve their own capabilities to compare
the writings among potential hirees.
Several disadvantages, however, may deter employers from
requiring potential hirees to write short papers at the start of
recruitment, one being that these samples may reflect biased
writing capabilities. Such writing samples probably reflect
prospective accountants' very best writing efforts, with the prize
of landing a job spurring them to spend a large amount of time
on the sample or have a friend write it for them. A second
potential disadvantage is the increased cost for employers to
evaluate the writing capabilities of all potential hirees starting
the recruiting process.
Current Samples at the End of Recruitment
A second way for employers to obtain writing samples is to
22. require writing samples at the end of the recruiting process.
Organizations can require already-screened applicants to
prepare short papers, specifically assigned by practitioners or
writing specialists, or take diagnostic writing tests.
Furthermore, organizations can require potential hirees to
prepare these papers or take the diagnostic tests at their
premises during office visits. By using writing evaluations as
one of the last selection procedures before making hiring
decisions, organizations should be able to evaluate a fewer
number of candidates and the writing evaluations may better
reflect potential hirees' unbiased work, especially if the papers
or tests are written during office visits.
Equal Employment Opportunity Laws and Regulations
The writing evaluation procedure described in this article is an
example of an employee selection procedure that is regulated by
federal and state governments. Employers should understand
that laws and regulations require that such a procedure is valid
and does not discriminate against potential hirees based on race,
color, religion, sex, national origin, age, and disability A
selection procedure is valid when its content represents
important aspects of performance on the job for which
applicants are evaluated. Employers enhance the validity of the
writing evaluation procedure by identifying specific writing
skills appropriate to particular entry-level positions, real work
documents, and actual performance evaluations; assigning
writing samples associated with real job-related topics and
specific document forms; and employing evaluators who
understand the relevant writing skills and who will fairly
evaluate these capabilities.
For more information about employee selection laws and
regulations, employers should consult legal or regulatory
experts, read published regulations such as Uniform Guidelines
on Employee Selection Procedures (29 CFR Section 1607,1978),
or read published works such as Fairness in Selecting
Employees (Richard Arvey and Robert Faley, 1988).
Conclusion
23. If the accounting profession recognizes effective writing as an
important skill for all accountants, then the profession needs to
increase its efforts to recruit prospective accountants with
acceptable writing skills. Using the four-step selection
procedure outlined in this article can help employers with this
effort.
Sidebar
Write Better Now!
Agreeing that good writing skills are important is easy; the hard
part is improving your own writing skills or those of your co-
workers.These resources may help.
Books
Grammar for Smart People, by Barry Tarshis, 1992.An
excellent, easy-to-follow soft-cover book that explains the
basics as well as the subtleties of writing well.
Dictionaries
Beware of Webster's! The term "Webster's" no longer has
copyright protection and is in the public domain.Anyone can
throw together a dictionary and call it a "Webster's"
dictionary.There are three major, reputable dictionary
publishing houses in the United States: Merriam-Webster,
Houghton Mifflin, and Simon & Schuster. Make sure your
dictionary is current and published by a reputable source.A
good dictionary is Merriam-Webster's Webster's I Oth edition
Collegiate Dictionary.
Style Guides
Dictionaries tell you how to spell it and what it means; they do
not tell you if it is barbecue or barbeque. For that, you need a
style guide.The most widely used is the current ( 994 copyright)
AP Stylebook. (Use barbecue.)
AuthorAffiliation
Larry Rankin is an associate professor of accountancy at Miami
University in Oxford. He can be reached via e mail:
[email protected] muohio. edu.
Subject: Writing; Skills; Recruitment; Personnel selection;
Guidelines; Accounting firms; Accountants
24. Location: US
Classification: 9190: US; 9150: Guidelines; 8305: Professional
services; 6100: Human resource planning; 4110: Accountants
Publication title: Ohio CPA Journal; Columbus
Volume: 55
Issue: 1
Pages: 19
Number of pages: 4
Publication year: 1996
Publication date: Feb 1996
Publisher: Ohio Society of Certified Public Accountants
Place of publication: Columbus
Country of publication: United States
Publication subject: Business And Economics--Accounting
ISSN: 07498284
Source type: Trade Journals
Language of publication: English
Document type: PERIODICAL
Accession number: 01184925, 00563437
ProQuest document ID: 214822681
Document
URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/214822681?accounti
d=9699
Copyright: Copyright Ohio Society of Certified Public
Accountants Feb 1996
Last updated: 2014-05-18
Database: ABI/INFORM Global
Bibliography
Citation style: APA6
Rankin, L. J. (1996). Evaluating writing: A selection procedure
for recruiting accountants. Ohio CPA Journal, 55(1), 19.
Retrieved
from https://search.proquest.com/docview/214822681?accountid
=9699