This document summarizes research on the link between anxiety and depression in professional hockey enforcers. It discusses two main factors that contribute to high pre-competition anxiety in enforcers: the fear of failure and the perceived risk of injury. High anxiety levels can negatively impact performance and lead enforcers to experience the negative consequences of failure, such as low self-esteem. Research indicates low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression. Therefore, the document concludes the high anxiety levels experienced by enforcers may have a direct connection to depression. More research is still needed to fully understand this relationship and rule out other potential causes like head injuries.
This document discusses production and materials management in ERP systems. It describes traditional problems with lack of integration between divisions and inaccurate production forecasting. ERP systems aim to address these issues through integrated production planning, material resource planning, JIT systems, and capacity planning. They facilitate communication along the supply chain and improve e-business opportunities.
Sameers Sales & Distribution Power Point Presentationsameerbarde74
The document provides an overview of Sales and Distribution (SD) in SAP. SD handles the business processes used in selling, shipping, and billing products and services. It is tightly integrated with other SAP modules like Materials Management (MM) and Financial Accounting (FI). SD provides flexible functionality through configuration to support processes like sales, delivery, billing, and analytics. Master data and specialized functions support tasks from sales prospects to transportation management.
This document provides an overview and user manual for an SAP training course. It includes 4 lessons that cover logging on and off SAP, identifying screen elements, working with transactions and modules, using favorites, passwords, printing, and searching using matchcodes. The lessons include objectives, explanations of key concepts, and practice questions.
This document provides an overview of the SAP system and its key components. It discusses the enterprise structure in SAP which includes the highest level organizational units like company and company code. Lower level units like sales organization, distribution channel, division are also explained. The document then summarizes some of the main SAP modules like SD, MM, FI/CO etc. It provides transaction codes for common tasks and discusses master data and how it forms the basis for processing. Overall, the document gives a high-level introduction to the SAP architecture and enterprise structure.
This document provides an overview of SAP Sales & Distribution (SD) module. It begins with introducing SAP and its various modules. The document then discusses the enterprise structure in SD, including how to define organizational units like company, company code, sales area, sales organization, distribution channel, division, sales office, sales group, plant and storage location. It also provides the business processes in SD and definitions for configuring the master data and documents.
The document summarizes an agenda for presenting SAP to projects. It discusses current business and IT challenges, why companies implement SAP, critical success factors for a SAP implementation, an example SAP implementation method and risk management approach, and a typical SAP implementation timeline. Key points include the flexibility and integration of SAP, the need for executive buy-in, a well-defined project roadmap and milestones, and mapping implementation phases to the ASAP methodology.
This document provides an overview of the SAP system and its key components. It discusses the enterprise structure in SAP which includes the highest level organizational units like company and company code. Lower level units like sales organization, distribution channel, division are also explained. The document then summarizes some of the main SAP modules like SD, MM, FI/CO etc. It provides transaction codes for common tasks and discusses master data and how it forms the basis for processing. Overall, the document gives a high-level introduction to the SAP landscape and organizational hierarchy.
The document discusses standard business processes in SAP Customer Service (CS). It provides an overview of the pre-sales scenario where a customer requests a quotation for services. Key steps include creating a service notification from the customer inquiry, then a service order for detailed cost planning which is used to generate a sales quotation document via a configured dynamic item profile. The document outlines important master and transactional data and configuration requirements for SAP CS and related modules.
This document discusses production and materials management in ERP systems. It describes traditional problems with lack of integration between divisions and inaccurate production forecasting. ERP systems aim to address these issues through integrated production planning, material resource planning, JIT systems, and capacity planning. They facilitate communication along the supply chain and improve e-business opportunities.
Sameers Sales & Distribution Power Point Presentationsameerbarde74
The document provides an overview of Sales and Distribution (SD) in SAP. SD handles the business processes used in selling, shipping, and billing products and services. It is tightly integrated with other SAP modules like Materials Management (MM) and Financial Accounting (FI). SD provides flexible functionality through configuration to support processes like sales, delivery, billing, and analytics. Master data and specialized functions support tasks from sales prospects to transportation management.
This document provides an overview and user manual for an SAP training course. It includes 4 lessons that cover logging on and off SAP, identifying screen elements, working with transactions and modules, using favorites, passwords, printing, and searching using matchcodes. The lessons include objectives, explanations of key concepts, and practice questions.
This document provides an overview of the SAP system and its key components. It discusses the enterprise structure in SAP which includes the highest level organizational units like company and company code. Lower level units like sales organization, distribution channel, division are also explained. The document then summarizes some of the main SAP modules like SD, MM, FI/CO etc. It provides transaction codes for common tasks and discusses master data and how it forms the basis for processing. Overall, the document gives a high-level introduction to the SAP architecture and enterprise structure.
This document provides an overview of SAP Sales & Distribution (SD) module. It begins with introducing SAP and its various modules. The document then discusses the enterprise structure in SD, including how to define organizational units like company, company code, sales area, sales organization, distribution channel, division, sales office, sales group, plant and storage location. It also provides the business processes in SD and definitions for configuring the master data and documents.
The document summarizes an agenda for presenting SAP to projects. It discusses current business and IT challenges, why companies implement SAP, critical success factors for a SAP implementation, an example SAP implementation method and risk management approach, and a typical SAP implementation timeline. Key points include the flexibility and integration of SAP, the need for executive buy-in, a well-defined project roadmap and milestones, and mapping implementation phases to the ASAP methodology.
This document provides an overview of the SAP system and its key components. It discusses the enterprise structure in SAP which includes the highest level organizational units like company and company code. Lower level units like sales organization, distribution channel, division are also explained. The document then summarizes some of the main SAP modules like SD, MM, FI/CO etc. It provides transaction codes for common tasks and discusses master data and how it forms the basis for processing. Overall, the document gives a high-level introduction to the SAP landscape and organizational hierarchy.
The document discusses standard business processes in SAP Customer Service (CS). It provides an overview of the pre-sales scenario where a customer requests a quotation for services. Key steps include creating a service notification from the customer inquiry, then a service order for detailed cost planning which is used to generate a sales quotation document via a configured dynamic item profile. The document outlines important master and transactional data and configuration requirements for SAP CS and related modules.
How to activate SAP ATP check for Sales Order, when you place item in sales order. Getting the material's supply and demand information,then meet customer's request delivery date.
This document provides an introduction to SAP and ERP systems. It discusses business processes without an ERP system and how they become fragmented and inefficient. The document then introduces SAP and ERP systems, explaining how they integrate business functions and provide a centralized system. It discusses the history and modules of SAP, including FI, CO, SD, MM, PP, and others. It also covers R/3 architecture, clients, and the benefits of a client/server model. Finally, it includes some review questions about SAP modules and concepts.
SHAIK AFTHAF SAP MM-WM CONSULTANT RESUMEAftab Shaik
This document summarizes the skills and experience of Shaik Aftaf in SAP MM and warehouse management. It outlines his over 6 years of experience implementing and supporting SAP MM modules. He has expertise in procurement, inventory management, and warehouse management configurations. He is seeking a challenging role to further develop his skills in a dynamic organization.
. SAP I Implementation P j t l t ti Project SAP Overview 9 May 2008
2. SAP Overview Training Objective g j • To let Project Team know Function and Feature in SAP ERP. • To let Project Team know Terminology in SAP ERP. • To transfer the necessary Knowledge to Project Team for the readiness to business blueprint phase. 2 SAP Implementation Project
3. SAP Overview Training Content g What is SAP SAP Product Module in SAP ERP ERP Feature Overview SSAP Navigate Question and Answer 3 SAP Implementation Project
4. SAP Overview Training Content g What is SAP SAP Product Module in SAP ERP ERP Feature Overview SSAP Navigate Question and Answer 4 SAP Implementation Project
5. What is SAP? An international provider of comprehensive, enterprise-class p p , p information systems with proven success supporting large global manufacturing and distribution enterprise.Systems and Application Products In Data Processing 5 SAP Implementation Project
6. SAP Overview Training Content g What is SAP SAP Product Module in SAP ERP ERP Feature Overview SSAP Navigate Question and Answer 6 SAP Implementation Project
7. SAP Product’s 7 SAP Implementation Project
8. SAP Overview Training Content g What is SAP SAP Product Module in SAP ERP ERP Feature Overview SSAP Navigate Question and Answer 8 SAP Implementation Project
9. SAP Module 9 SAP Implementation Project
10. Financial Accounting and Controlling Module g g Financial Accounting: A wide performance spectrum which includes cash management / electronic banking financial controlling cash banking, controlling, budget management and consolidation. Controlling:Closed cost accounting from cost center accounting and cost element accounting through to profitability analysis. Asset Management:The complete management of all fixed assets, from traditional asset f ll fi d t f t diti l t accounting and technical assets management up to investment controlling. Project System:The integrated cooperation of all service areas for project planning, processing and control. 10 SAP Implementation Project
11. Logistic Module g Sales and Distribution:The turnkey solution for the integrated handling of all tasks for sales, shipping and billing. Materials Management:The integrated, closed procurement process with system-supported integration of resultsand production planning planning. Production Planning:The PPC system suitable for all types of production with system-supported integration of results and production planning •Quality Management:The planning.•Quality system for quality assurance in all areas of the logistic chain. Pl t M i t Plant Maintenance:The industry-neutral solution for the Th i d t t l l ti f th administration and repair of technical systems. 11 SAP Implementation Project
This document lists important tables in SAP related to financial accounting, general ledger accounting, accounts receivable, bank accounting, asset accounting, cost center accounting, profit center accounting, and more. It provides the table name, description, and important fields for each table. The tables contain key transactional and master data used throughout the SAP modules.
The document discusses the history and evolution of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems from the 1960s to present. It begins with a brief overview of how ERP systems emerged from earlier systems like inventory control packages in the 1960s, material requirements planning in the 1970s, manufacturing resource planning in the 1980s, and became popular standalone systems in the 1990s. The document then examines key aspects of ERP systems including their definition, benefits to organizations, and issues during implementation.
WEBINAR: Interchangeable Part Revisions in BOMs. Is this a Revision or a New ...Oleg Shilovitsky
BOM management educational webinar about part numbers, revisions, and interchangeability. You can learn about product structure data management, revision management, and change management
This document provides a template for documenting a business process design for an SAP implementation project. It includes sections for describing the business process, diagrams, process steps, locations, policies, integration points, future improvements, and the functional solution. Instructions are provided in blue text to guide users on completing the template, such as addressing localized processes, business change requests, and following a naming convention. The document also includes sections for identification details, revision history, and review/approval.
This document provides an overview of Sales and Distribution (SD) in SAP, including:
1. The enterprise structure in SD including defining companies, company codes, sales areas, organizations, distribution channels, divisions, offices, and groups.
2. Business processes in SD like inquiries, quotations, orders, deliveries, invoices.
3. Master data configuration including customer, material, and pricing masters.
4. Document configuration for sales, delivery, and billing documents.
5. Additional SD topics like pricing, contracts, complaints, inter-company sales, rebates, and the logistics information system.
This document provides an overview of SAP SD configuration including defining enterprise structures such as sales organizations, document types, and pricing controls. It outlines how to configure sales offices, groups, distribution channels, and assign these elements. It also describes setting up reasons for rejection, condition tables for pricing, and other sales processes like credit control and inter-company sales. The overview spans over 100 pages and covers major areas of sales order processing in SAP.
This document provides steps for configuring and executing a make-to-order process in SAP ERP. It explains how to create materials, bills of materials, routings, sales orders, planned orders, purchase requisitions, purchase orders, goods movements, production orders, and deliveries to fulfill a customer order from sales to delivery. The major steps include sales order creation, planning, external procurement, subcontracting, production, and delivery.
In this presentation the principal consultant at ArchitectSAP solutions will give you a brief information on SAP FSCM - Dispute Management system and its benefits.
For More Information, Please visit:-
http://www.architectsap.com/blog/sap-ecc/sap-fscm-%E2%80%93-dispute-management/
This document provides a checklist for configuring global settings in an SAP Business One implementation. It includes sections for configuring company details, accounting and tax data, general document settings, financial account determinations, currencies, tax codes, and other key master data and configuration options. The document is intended to be used during the blueprint and realization phases to capture and verify required setup and configuration changes.
The document provides an overview of SAP and ERP systems. It discusses business processes without ERP and how ERP solutions like SAP integrate various functions like sales, production planning, inventory, purchasing etc. It describes the key benefits of ERP in eliminating data duplication and improving information flow. It also provides details on the evolution of SAP products, architecture of SAP R/3 and its various modules.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in SAP MM/WM including:
1) Purchase orders are used to request materials or services from vendors and can be controlled with release procedures. Account assignment and item categories are important fields.
2) Contracts specify quantity or value agreements with vendors and do not include delivery dates. Release orders are created against contracts.
3) Scheduling agreements specify order quantities, prices, and delivery schedules to reduce paperwork between a company and its vendors.
4) Condition techniques determine pricing and costs by searching condition tables, types, and records based on a defined access sequence.
5) Partner functions define the roles and responsibilities of individuals involved in business processes, such as ordering, supplying,
The document discusses various types of sales documents and processes in sales and distribution. It outlines standard sales document types like quotations, inquiries, scheduling agreements, returns, and delivery documents. It also describes key steps in the outbound delivery process like packing, shipping, monitoring deadlines, and availability checks. Finally, it discusses billing functions and how documents like invoices, credit memos, and debit memos are used.
The document provides an overview of SAP PP (Production Planning). It discusses what an ERP and SAP are and introduces SAP PP. SAP PP covers production master data, demand management, planning, and production control. The complete PP process is outlined including sales and operations planning, master production scheduling, materials requirements planning, and production control. Key SAP PP concepts like master data, demand management, planning, and production control are also introduced.
El documento presenta los resultados de la competencia individual junior femenina de gimnasia artística en el Campeonato Sudamericano Infanto-Juvenil en Cochabamba, Bolivia. Rebeca Andrade de Brasil ganó la medalla de oro con un puntaje total de 54.800. Flavia Saravia de Brasil ganó la plata con 52.733 puntos, mientras que Lorrane Oliveira también de Brasil ganó el bronce con 51.416 puntos.
How to activate SAP ATP check for Sales Order, when you place item in sales order. Getting the material's supply and demand information,then meet customer's request delivery date.
This document provides an introduction to SAP and ERP systems. It discusses business processes without an ERP system and how they become fragmented and inefficient. The document then introduces SAP and ERP systems, explaining how they integrate business functions and provide a centralized system. It discusses the history and modules of SAP, including FI, CO, SD, MM, PP, and others. It also covers R/3 architecture, clients, and the benefits of a client/server model. Finally, it includes some review questions about SAP modules and concepts.
SHAIK AFTHAF SAP MM-WM CONSULTANT RESUMEAftab Shaik
This document summarizes the skills and experience of Shaik Aftaf in SAP MM and warehouse management. It outlines his over 6 years of experience implementing and supporting SAP MM modules. He has expertise in procurement, inventory management, and warehouse management configurations. He is seeking a challenging role to further develop his skills in a dynamic organization.
. SAP I Implementation P j t l t ti Project SAP Overview 9 May 2008
2. SAP Overview Training Objective g j • To let Project Team know Function and Feature in SAP ERP. • To let Project Team know Terminology in SAP ERP. • To transfer the necessary Knowledge to Project Team for the readiness to business blueprint phase. 2 SAP Implementation Project
3. SAP Overview Training Content g What is SAP SAP Product Module in SAP ERP ERP Feature Overview SSAP Navigate Question and Answer 3 SAP Implementation Project
4. SAP Overview Training Content g What is SAP SAP Product Module in SAP ERP ERP Feature Overview SSAP Navigate Question and Answer 4 SAP Implementation Project
5. What is SAP? An international provider of comprehensive, enterprise-class p p , p information systems with proven success supporting large global manufacturing and distribution enterprise.Systems and Application Products In Data Processing 5 SAP Implementation Project
6. SAP Overview Training Content g What is SAP SAP Product Module in SAP ERP ERP Feature Overview SSAP Navigate Question and Answer 6 SAP Implementation Project
7. SAP Product’s 7 SAP Implementation Project
8. SAP Overview Training Content g What is SAP SAP Product Module in SAP ERP ERP Feature Overview SSAP Navigate Question and Answer 8 SAP Implementation Project
9. SAP Module 9 SAP Implementation Project
10. Financial Accounting and Controlling Module g g Financial Accounting: A wide performance spectrum which includes cash management / electronic banking financial controlling cash banking, controlling, budget management and consolidation. Controlling:Closed cost accounting from cost center accounting and cost element accounting through to profitability analysis. Asset Management:The complete management of all fixed assets, from traditional asset f ll fi d t f t diti l t accounting and technical assets management up to investment controlling. Project System:The integrated cooperation of all service areas for project planning, processing and control. 10 SAP Implementation Project
11. Logistic Module g Sales and Distribution:The turnkey solution for the integrated handling of all tasks for sales, shipping and billing. Materials Management:The integrated, closed procurement process with system-supported integration of resultsand production planning planning. Production Planning:The PPC system suitable for all types of production with system-supported integration of results and production planning •Quality Management:The planning.•Quality system for quality assurance in all areas of the logistic chain. Pl t M i t Plant Maintenance:The industry-neutral solution for the Th i d t t l l ti f th administration and repair of technical systems. 11 SAP Implementation Project
This document lists important tables in SAP related to financial accounting, general ledger accounting, accounts receivable, bank accounting, asset accounting, cost center accounting, profit center accounting, and more. It provides the table name, description, and important fields for each table. The tables contain key transactional and master data used throughout the SAP modules.
The document discusses the history and evolution of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems from the 1960s to present. It begins with a brief overview of how ERP systems emerged from earlier systems like inventory control packages in the 1960s, material requirements planning in the 1970s, manufacturing resource planning in the 1980s, and became popular standalone systems in the 1990s. The document then examines key aspects of ERP systems including their definition, benefits to organizations, and issues during implementation.
WEBINAR: Interchangeable Part Revisions in BOMs. Is this a Revision or a New ...Oleg Shilovitsky
BOM management educational webinar about part numbers, revisions, and interchangeability. You can learn about product structure data management, revision management, and change management
This document provides a template for documenting a business process design for an SAP implementation project. It includes sections for describing the business process, diagrams, process steps, locations, policies, integration points, future improvements, and the functional solution. Instructions are provided in blue text to guide users on completing the template, such as addressing localized processes, business change requests, and following a naming convention. The document also includes sections for identification details, revision history, and review/approval.
This document provides an overview of Sales and Distribution (SD) in SAP, including:
1. The enterprise structure in SD including defining companies, company codes, sales areas, organizations, distribution channels, divisions, offices, and groups.
2. Business processes in SD like inquiries, quotations, orders, deliveries, invoices.
3. Master data configuration including customer, material, and pricing masters.
4. Document configuration for sales, delivery, and billing documents.
5. Additional SD topics like pricing, contracts, complaints, inter-company sales, rebates, and the logistics information system.
This document provides an overview of SAP SD configuration including defining enterprise structures such as sales organizations, document types, and pricing controls. It outlines how to configure sales offices, groups, distribution channels, and assign these elements. It also describes setting up reasons for rejection, condition tables for pricing, and other sales processes like credit control and inter-company sales. The overview spans over 100 pages and covers major areas of sales order processing in SAP.
This document provides steps for configuring and executing a make-to-order process in SAP ERP. It explains how to create materials, bills of materials, routings, sales orders, planned orders, purchase requisitions, purchase orders, goods movements, production orders, and deliveries to fulfill a customer order from sales to delivery. The major steps include sales order creation, planning, external procurement, subcontracting, production, and delivery.
In this presentation the principal consultant at ArchitectSAP solutions will give you a brief information on SAP FSCM - Dispute Management system and its benefits.
For More Information, Please visit:-
http://www.architectsap.com/blog/sap-ecc/sap-fscm-%E2%80%93-dispute-management/
This document provides a checklist for configuring global settings in an SAP Business One implementation. It includes sections for configuring company details, accounting and tax data, general document settings, financial account determinations, currencies, tax codes, and other key master data and configuration options. The document is intended to be used during the blueprint and realization phases to capture and verify required setup and configuration changes.
The document provides an overview of SAP and ERP systems. It discusses business processes without ERP and how ERP solutions like SAP integrate various functions like sales, production planning, inventory, purchasing etc. It describes the key benefits of ERP in eliminating data duplication and improving information flow. It also provides details on the evolution of SAP products, architecture of SAP R/3 and its various modules.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in SAP MM/WM including:
1) Purchase orders are used to request materials or services from vendors and can be controlled with release procedures. Account assignment and item categories are important fields.
2) Contracts specify quantity or value agreements with vendors and do not include delivery dates. Release orders are created against contracts.
3) Scheduling agreements specify order quantities, prices, and delivery schedules to reduce paperwork between a company and its vendors.
4) Condition techniques determine pricing and costs by searching condition tables, types, and records based on a defined access sequence.
5) Partner functions define the roles and responsibilities of individuals involved in business processes, such as ordering, supplying,
The document discusses various types of sales documents and processes in sales and distribution. It outlines standard sales document types like quotations, inquiries, scheduling agreements, returns, and delivery documents. It also describes key steps in the outbound delivery process like packing, shipping, monitoring deadlines, and availability checks. Finally, it discusses billing functions and how documents like invoices, credit memos, and debit memos are used.
The document provides an overview of SAP PP (Production Planning). It discusses what an ERP and SAP are and introduces SAP PP. SAP PP covers production master data, demand management, planning, and production control. The complete PP process is outlined including sales and operations planning, master production scheduling, materials requirements planning, and production control. Key SAP PP concepts like master data, demand management, planning, and production control are also introduced.
El documento presenta los resultados de la competencia individual junior femenina de gimnasia artística en el Campeonato Sudamericano Infanto-Juvenil en Cochabamba, Bolivia. Rebeca Andrade de Brasil ganó la medalla de oro con un puntaje total de 54.800. Flavia Saravia de Brasil ganó la plata con 52.733 puntos, mientras que Lorrane Oliveira también de Brasil ganó el bronce con 51.416 puntos.
Ferney Santiago Maza Hernandez es un estudiante de INFORMATICA con el número 801 jm cuyo blog es Ticferneysantiago801.blogspot.com y su usuario es santiagomazah.
Para crear un blog, primero se debe tener una cuenta de Gmail para luego crear un blog a través de ella que permita trabajar y almacenar información; también se debe obtener una cuenta en Slideshare para seguir compartiendo contenido.
CmapTools es un programa gratuito que permite crear mapas conceptuales, diagramas y esquemas mediante la combinación de texto e imágenes unidas por flechas para organizar ideas y conceptos de forma sencilla. Ofrece herramientas para añadir enlaces, elementos personalizables e imágenes, y permite guardar los archivos en formatos Wml y edx. Se usa comúnmente en educación e investigación.
Agenda de la Comisión de Gobierno Abierto del IFAIJoel Salas
La Comisión de Gobierno Abierto tiene como objetivo principal garantizar que las instituciones del Estado mexicano apliquen modelos de gestión y políticas de gobierno abierto que generen beneficios sociales mediante la generación de información pública útil, su aprovechamiento y la interacción entre autoridades y sociedad. La Comisión propone implementar un Modelo Nacional de Gobierno Abierto a través de proyectos piloto y la institucionalización de políticas públicas, con el fin de promover la apertura, la participación ciudadana y la rendición de
Este documento presenta un formato para planificar una secuencia de clase. Incluye secciones para detallar la asignatura, el tema, los objetivos de aprendizaje, los contenidos conceptuales, procedimentales y actitudinales, las estrategias didácticas requeridas, los recursos tecnológicos, las actividades del docente y estudiante, y los criterios de evaluación. Se pide a los docentes que utilicen este formato para planificar una clase usando alguna herramienta tecnológica sugerida por una búsqu
Mirinda es una bebida refrescante creada en España que se ofrece en varios sabores como naranja, pomelo, manzana, fresa y uva. A diferencia de otras bebidas, Mirinda tiene menos gas y un buen sabor refrescante. El logotipo de Mirinda identifica la marca de esta bebida de múltiples sabores.
El documento resume el marco legal de la propiedad horizontal en el Código Civil y Comercial de Argentina. Explica que el reglamento de propiedad horizontal es un acto jurídico necesario que divide jurídicamente un inmueble para su posible transferencia bajo este régimen. Detalla los requisitos que debe contener el reglamento, como la determinación del terreno, las unidades funcionales, los bienes propios y comunes, y las personas legitimadas para otorgarlo. Finalmente, analiza cada uno de los requisitos establecidos en la ley.
A Catupiry comemora 100 anos e investe em estratégias de marketing para rejuvenescer a marca, que se tornou sinônimo de requeijão cremoso. A empresa lançou novos produtos, reformulou embalagens, fez parcerias e ampliou o portfólio para atrair públicos mais jovens, enquanto mantém a tradição da marca centenária.
Adi sanjaya 2020 b_061_riview jurnal 4AdiSanjaya18
This document is a literature review of the article "Sport and the anxious mind" published in the Journal of the Philosophy of Sport. The review provides a summary of the article in three paragraphs.
The first paragraph introduces the topic of the article, which explores anxiety as a common experience in sports. It posits that anxiety in sports has biopsychological, social, and ontological factors. Each provides insight into the nature and experience of anxiety in sports.
The second paragraph discusses some of the article's key points about anxiety in sports. It notes the prevalence of anxiety disorders in the general population and argues that sports likely contribute to anxiety. It also outlines different types of anxiety like trait versus state anxiety and discusses optimal
Term paper for my Psychology 101 course at the College of Southern Nevada
(This SlideShare is exactly what the final product of my Psychology 101 sports psychology term paper looked like when I submitted it as a hard copy to my professor at the College of Southern Nevada, except for one thing: the Word document, which this SlideShare was downloaded from, contains the final draft of my psychology term paper which was last saved on November 28, 2011, the day before I submitted the paper as a final draft in hard copy format to my psychology professor. The difference between this SlideShare and the Word document that contains the final draft of my sports psychology term paper, compared to the final draft of my sports psychology term paper that I submitted to my professor in hard copy format is: the SlideShare and the Word document are both missing a title page, whereas, the final draft of my psychology term paper that I submitted to my professor contained a title page with my name, my professor's name, the name of the institution I wrote the paper for, the course and the section number I had written the paper for, and the date and term at the time my paper was written. I am unable to retrieve the title page that I created and saved in Word in 2011 when I was taking Psychology 101:017 at the College of Southern Nevada. Hopefully, I can eventually correct this problem and resubmit my psychology term paper on SlideShare in the exact form that it was originally like in November of 2011.)
Athletes Perceptions Of The Sources Of Role AmbiguityEmily Smith
The document discusses a study that examined athletes' perceptions of the sources of role ambiguity in team sports. Athletes identified factors that could contribute to a lack of clarity regarding their role responsibilities, behaviors needed to fulfill their role, how their performance would be evaluated, and consequences of not fulfilling their role. The responses revealed numerous possible sources of role ambiguity associated with the role sender (e.g. coach), the individual athlete, and situational factors. The types and frequency of factors differed across the dimensions of role ambiguity, supporting the idea that role ambiguity is a multidimensional construct.
Concussions and the Rate of Depression in Professional AthletesLauren Rolek
This literature review examines the link between concussions and rates of depression and suicide in professional athletes. It discusses the history of depression, concussions, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. It also reviews studies finding that athletes who suffer 3 or more concussions are 3 times more likely to be depressed, twice as likely to develop mild cognitive impairment, and have an increased suicide risk. The review aims to determine if concussions affect depression, suicide, and dementia rates in professionals athletes.
This document is a dissertation submitted by Ashley Christopher Turner for the degree of BSc in Sport Studies at Staffordshire University. It examines how pressure affects choking in university basketball players. The literature review discusses theories of choking under pressure, such as the distraction theory and self-focus theory. Previous related studies that tested choking using basketball free throws under varying pressure conditions are also reviewed. The methodology section describes how the current study will test choking by having basketball players shoot free throws under high pressure (while being filmed) and low pressure (while listening to music) conditions.
This document discusses violence in sports and proposes solutions to combat unnecessary violence while preserving competition. It addresses two forms of unnecessary violence: hazing and brawling. Hazing is portrayed as a misguided attempt to foster team bonding, but competition naturally creates bonds without harm. Brawling also serves no purpose and can result from imbalances in psychological states. The author argues these forms of violence should not be tolerated and suggests alternatives like sportsmanship training to promote positive behavior. Failing to address sports violence undermines benefits to health, relationships, and personal growth that competition provides.
The document discusses the myth of clutch hitting in baseball. Several studies have found no evidence that professional baseball players can consistently perform better in high-pressure situations. Despite this, the myth of clutch hitting persists due to factors like selective memory, the media spotlighting memorable clutch performances, and the desire of fans and players to believe in it. The concept of clutch hitting is difficult to define statistically and different analyses have found no correlation between clutch performance in one season carrying to the next.
Duaa M. Bani-Irshid1
, Dr. Abdullah M. Bani-Rshaid2
1 Master of Sport Science, Yarmouk University,
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Abu Dhabi
University, UAE
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of s port injuries on the level of confidence and
anxiety among athletes in different games. Participants were (121) athletes (M-81, F-40) were selected randomly
from different sports. Descriptive data was collected through the use of a questionnaire established by the
researcher, which included personal information (age, years of experience, gender and place of living), and a
questionnaire of psychological effect of sport which consisted of (50) items, divided into four subscales.
(Confidence, Anxiety, Physical abilities). The results showed relationship between sport injuries and physical
abilities in reducing or increasing injuries among athletes, also the results showed that self-confidence and anxiety
(trait, state) did not affect in increasing or reducing in percentage of injuries among athletes, meanwhile the results
showed a significant relationship between the effect of sport injuries and (self-confidence, anxiety and physical
abilities) among athletes in different games. A significant difference between male and female in favor of female in
trait anxiety, significant differences between trait anxiety and different sports a significant differences showed
between psychological variables and effect of sport injuries (between different sports, also a significant difference
between sport injuries and physical abilities according to sport variable; between basketball players and tennis
players in favor of basketball, and a significant difference between sport injuries and trait anxiety between football
players and basketball players in favor of basketball.
This document discusses why elite athletes sometimes engage in dysfunctional or criminal behavior. It analyzes data from 48 AFL (Australian rules football) players and compares it to data from 940 male offenders. The analysis found that both athletes and offenders reported higher levels of dysfunction than normal populations, especially related to substance abuse issues like alcohol and drugs. However, athletes generally had better support systems and were less stressed/impulsive than offenders. The document concludes that sports organizations should provide education to help athletes avoid risky situations and develop strategies for dealing with stressors like media attention that could lead to dysfunctional behavior.
There are five key factors that can increase precompetitive state anxiety:
1. Fear of performance failure and negative evaluation from opponents or spectators
2. Fear of physical harm from intense competition
3. Ambiguity about the competitive situation
4. Disruption of an athlete's normal routine
These five factors relate to threats against an athlete's ego, self-esteem, health, and preparedness. They represent psychological sources of tension that can increase anxiety levels before competition.
Humans performing under pressure. Emotional intellingence #noussommesvivants.pdfnous sommes vivants
😱 Suicide des agriculteurs, burnout des managers, dépression suite à une rupture de vie, et éco anxiété à gérer : que peuvent nous apprendre les athlètes des JO en terme de santé mentale et en particulier la gestion des émotions ? 🤾♀️ #Paris2024 #JO #JeuxOlympiques #emotions #underpressure #prendresoin #santementale #noussommesvivants
Comment développer son intelligence émotionnelle ?
Face à l’ampleur de la crise écologique et de ses impacts environnementaux et sociaux, il est courant de se sentir dépassé, impuissant et cela peut amplifier un certain mal-être. Les émotions liées à ce mal être peuvent se traduire dans une paralysie et donc incapacité à agir.
L’intelligence émotionnelle consiste à reconnaître ses émotions mais aussi comprendre les signaux que nous communiquent nos émotions pour pouvoir se mettre en mouvement en pleine conscience des phénomènes qui nous influencent et mieux communiquer au sein du collectif pour se mettre en mouvement ensemble.
Découvrir la fresque des émotions
La fresque des émotions c’est un atelier qui permet de comprendre comment les émotions nous mettent en mouvement et de prendre conscience des boucles qui se forment entre nos émotions, nos pensées et actions. C’est un moment de prise de recul sur son fonctionnement émotionnel dans une situation personnelle et/ou professionnelle qui permet de développer son intelligence émotionnelle. Les participants partagent individuellement leur expérience et bénéficient des retours d’expérience collectifs. En clôture, chacun est invité à poser ses émotions, pensées et actions et à les mettre en cohérence (ou pas). C’est un atelier thématique. Les participants choisissent le thème. situation personnelle et/ou professionnelle. Voilà des thématiques telles que énoncées par des participants.
Les thématiques possibles
- « Mobiliser ses équipes sur un projet environnemental »
- « Apprendre d’autres façons de travailler »
- « Mieux communiquer avec ses collègues »
Les applications possibles
- La communication
- Le leadership
- L’apprentissage
- La prise de décision
Les étapes de l’atelier:
- Session d’inclusion
- Choisir un grand thème comme le lâcher prise
- Partager un souvenir dans la sphère professionnelle
- Prendre du recul sur ce souvenir pour nommer les états émotionnels vécus
- Ressentir pleinement les sensations ressenties à ce moment là
- Prendre conscience des pensées liées à ces émotions et sensations
- Lister les réactions qu’elles entrainent avec leurs conséquences
- Creuser ses besoins inconscients en identifiant ses besoins primaires
- Poser son diagnostic : émotions – pensées – actions
- Le partager (ou pas) et faire un pas de coté (ou pas) pour se sentir mieux.
👉 Les prochaines master class et sessions découverte
https://lnkd.in/euHZxBNp
👉 Les prochaines formation à l'animation de la fresque des émotions
https://lnkd.in/eSQpu_e3
The document discusses research on athlete burnout and dropout in adolescent rugby players. It aims to investigate why players play rugby and what they seek from coaches, and to understand burnout symptoms to hypothesize ways to keep players engaged. Burnout results from chronic stress and unfulfilled needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Satisfying these needs through coaching support and feedback can foster self-determined motivation and reduce burnout symptoms like exhaustion and devaluation.
This document presents a study that explored how sport attire influences the thoughts, feelings, and performance of female athletes in aesthetic and endurance sports. The researchers conducted interviews with 8 female collegiate athletes from swimming, gymnastics, and dance. The results identified several themes: 1) Athletes experienced body dissatisfaction from the revealing nature of their uniforms and external pressures from coaches. 2) Revealing uniforms brought increased focus on physical appearance. 3) Coaches were a source of pressure that influenced athletes' body satisfaction. 4) Low body satisfaction carries health risks. 5) Athletes developed mindsets to cope with these challenges. The study provided insight into how sport attire impacts female athletes' cognitive, emotional, and performance
The document discusses injuries that can occur in windmill style softball pitchers, including nerve injuries. It summarizes several studies that found a high percentage (over 70%) of softball players sustained injuries from pitching, most from overuse. Common injuries included strains, peripheral nerve injuries like neurapraxia, and injuries to the shoulder and elbow from the high torques involved in windmill pitching. Improper mechanics can increase risks, while proper mechanics and rest are important for prevention. Nerve injuries like ulnar nerve injuries and musculocutaneous nerve injuries have also been reported. NSAID use is also common among injured pitchers to mask pain. Overall the document emphasizes the importance of examining pitching mechanics and the entire kinetic
This document discusses performance anxiety experienced by student interpreters and how it can affect their ability to demonstrate their skills during assessments. It explores the causes and effects of different types of anxiety, including trait anxiety, state anxiety, performance anxiety, and foreign language anxiety. Student interpreters may experience anxiety due to a perceived imbalance between their skills and the challenges of an assessment. This anxiety can negatively impact students' performance by interfering with cognitive and motor functions needed for interpreting. The document examines strategies for alleviating the negative effects of anxiety.
Comparison of Sports Anxiety in three different Stages between Team and Indiv...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that compared sports anxiety levels in individual and team athletes from Manipur, India at three stages: before, during, and after competition. The study surveyed 173 individual athletes and 173 team athletes over 5 years using anxiety questionnaires. It found that both individual and team athletes experienced significantly higher anxiety during competition than before or after. It also found no significant difference in anxiety levels between individual and team athletes before and after competition, but individuals had significantly higher anxiety than teams during competition. The study concluded that anxiety is an important factor affecting sports performance that varies depending on the stage of competition and type of sport.
nick vandelogt concussions in sport posterNick Vandelogt
This document discusses the current landscape of concussions in sports. It covers several areas: the short and long term effects of concussions, what professional sports leagues are doing to address concussions through increased funding of research and improved equipment, and the social responsibilities of coaches, doctors, and athletes to ensure player health and safety. Concussions are a risk in many contact sports and can cause transient brain dysfunction as well as long term issues like CTE if not properly managed.
Estimation of competitive state anxiety among sprinters, jumpers and throwers...Sports Journal
The purpose of this study was to Estimation of Competitive State Anxiety among Sprinters, Jumpers and
Throwers inter- university female athletes. For achieving the purpose of the study, data was collected on
total 60 female athletes Sprinters: 20, Jumpers: 20 and Throwers: 20 were recruited as subject. The age of
all players range between 18 to 25 years. To check Pre-competitive anxiety of recruited subjects, The
Competitive State Anxiety Inventory 2 (CSAI-2) Martens, Vealey, and Burton (1990) questionnaire was
used. The questionnaire consisting of 3 dimensions: Cognitive Anxiety, Somatic Anxiety and Selfconfidence.
This study shows that Anxiety is required to measure the performance during competition.
The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used for all analysis. The
differences in the mean of each group for selected variable were tested for the significance of difference
by One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). For further analysis Post-Hoc Test (LSD Test) was
applied. In all the analyses, the 5% critical level (p<0.05) was considered to indicate statistical
significance. The result shows that statistically significant differences were found with regard to Somatic
state anxiety among Sprinters, Jumpers and Throwers inter- university female athletes.
This study examined the differences in sports competitive anxiety, self-concept, and self-confidence between female players of team games and individual games at the All India University level. Data was collected from 120 female subjects aged 18 to 28 who were playing in the 2015-16 tournament. Tests were used to measure sports competitive anxiety, self-concept, and self-confidence. Results found team game players had significantly higher sports competitive anxiety and self-confidence than individual game players, but individual game players had significantly higher self-concept. High levels of anxiety in athletes can cause issues like illness, muscle tension, aggression, sleep problems and dropping out of sports.
A study of sports competitive anxiety, self concept and self confidence betwe...
WRDS 150- Essay
1. Fafard1
1. The deathsof hockeyenforcersreferencedabove referstothe deathsof Wade Belak,Rick
Rypien,andSteve Montadordue tobattleswithdepressionand substance abuse. See “Ex-NHler
Belak”formore informationonthe suicide of Wade Belak,“The NHLenforcerswhogodown
fighting”formore informationonthe suicide of RickRypien,and“Steve Montador,former
Flamesdefenceman,diesatage 35” for more informationonthe deathof Steve Montador.
Devan Fafard
57584154
Dr. Carmen Mathes
WRDS 150 11A
13 November 2015
Professional Hockey Players and Anxiety: Linking Anxiety to Depression
The recent deaths of severalhockey enforcers,players who are tasked with the role of self-
policing the ice through the use of violence, has caused substantial upheaval and discussion within the
hockey community.1
The deaths of these enforcers were the end result of individual battles with
depression, but many people are confused about the root cause of this problem. Although there has been
a great deal of attention, by scholars and in popular culture, on the long-term effects of concussions on
brain function, one possible conclusion as to why enforcers are at risk to develop mental illness could be
the intense amount of pre-competition anxiety that they try to control (McKee et al; Stern et al;
“Concussion”). Georges Laraque,a former NHL heavyweight enforcer,has described having to try to
manage pre-competition anxiety for several days before the actual event takes place (n.pg). This
sustained anxiety would make it difficult to achieve anxiety levels within the “Zone of Optimal Function”
and maximize performance (Raglin 263). Important conclusions on the “fear of failure” and the
perceived “consequences” of these failures could help to explain the heightened anxiety levels amongst
enforcers (“Why young elite”; “Success and failure”; Conroy et al 100). However,there has been a
failure to adequately relate the fears of an athlete to the development of depression. It appears that there
is currently a lack of research and knowledge as to why hockey enforcers are at risk of developing
depression. In this paper I want to highlight factors that contribute to pre-competition anxiety for hockey
enforcers and the connection of these factors to depression. By analyzing comments by current and
former enforcers about the stress of the role, I will evaluate how the fear of failure and the fear of injury
2. Fafard2
contribute to anxiety levels and can potentially lead to depression. Increased anxiety levels and
performance are closely related. This paper finds that the potentially negative effects of high anxiety
levels on performance can lead to individuals developing depression.
In the last severaldecades there has been much psychological research into the relationship
between pre-competition anxiety and sport performance. John Raglin, in his article “Anxiety and Sport
Performance” cites Charles Spielberger’s definition of anxiety as being “emotional reactions that consist
of a unique combination of: (1) feelings of tension apprehension, and nervousness; (2) unpleasant
thoughts (worries); and (3) physiological changes” (248). This definition can be related to Brian
Massumi’s work on emotion and affect because the physiological changes caused by anxiety are
autonomous bodily reactions that occur before we cognitively acknowledge their existence and describe
them as “nervousness” or “worries”, a situation that Massumi would determine to be the difference
between affect and emotion (Massumi 85; Raglin 248). In his article, Raglin identifies “Zone of Optimal
Function Theory,” a theory on the ideal level of pre-competition anxiety stating that different individuals
perform better with different levels of anxiety, as being the superior model for pre-competition anxiety
because it accounts for athletes who perform their best at levels above or below the moderate range (263).
Two potential causes of heightened pre-competition anxiety amongst hockey enforcers are the “fear of
failure” and the “perceived risk of injury” (Sagar; Short et al). Sam Sagar et al discovered in their paper
“Why young elite athletes fear failure: Consequences of failure” that athletes develop pre-competition
anxiety in relation to their “fear of failure” because they are scared of the “aversive consequences” that
come with failing in competition (1180). Over the course of their study Sagar et al found several
“perceived consequences of failure” such as “diminished perception of self, no sense of achievement,
emotional cost of failure . . . letting down significant others and negative social evaluation” (1180). This
corroborates Conroy et al’s work in the development of a “Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory” that
assesses the “aversive consequences of . . . experiencing shame and embarrassment,devaluing one’s self-
estimate, having an uncertain future, important others losing interest, and upsetting important others”
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(77). Sandra Short et al’s paper “The Relationships Among Three Components of Perceived Risk of
Injury, Previous Injuries and Gender in Contact Sport Athletes” identifies “probability of injury,
worry/concern of being injured, and confidence in avoiding injury” as the three main factors of the
“perceived risk of injury” (38). Short et al’s inclusion of “worry/concern of being injured” as one these
main factors suggests that it plays a major role in athletes “perceived risk of injury” and is a prevalent
feeling among athletes before competition (41). Although the matter has not been investigated there
appears to be a link between the “aversive consequences” of failure and the research on the connection
between low self-esteem and depression (Conroy et al; Sagar et al; Orth and Robins). In the article
“Understanding the Link Between Low Self-Esteem and Depression,” that evaluates the effectiveness of
severalcompeting “theoretical models concerning the link between low self-esteem and depression,”
Ulrich Orth and Richard Robins find that the “vulnerability model, [which] states that low self-esteem is a
causalrisk factor for depression,” has had the strongest support amongst the academic community for
providing the most plausible connection between low self-esteem and depression (455). Low self-esteem,
defined by Orth and Robins as “an individual’s subjective [negative] evaluation of his or her worth as a
person,” appears to be similar to the negative consequences of failure identified by Sagar et al and Conroy
et al (Orth and Robins 455; “Performance Failure”; “Why Young Elite”).
Due to their physically demanding and violent role within the game “perceived risk of injury”
appears to be a major contributing factor to the intense levels of pre-competition anxiety experienced by
enforcers. PaulBissonnette, a NHL enforcer,describes his typical game day as involving “a lot of
restlessness . . . a lot of anxiety . . . a lot of imagining the worst in your own head” and that over the
course of an entire NHL season there is “a lot of time thinking about getting hurt – and actually getting
hurt” (n.pg). This
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description of the stresses of a typical game-day appear to corroborate Short et al’s findings that
“worry/concern of being injured” is a major contributing factor to an athlete’s pre-competition anxiety as
it relates to “perceived risk of injury” (41). Specifically, Bissonnette’s statement that “that’s a lot of time
thinking about getting hurt-and actually getting hurt” suggests that injuries over the course of a season are
an inevitability for enforcers and are a justifiable reason to worry about injuries. Bissonnette’s illusion to
the feeling of nervousness throughout the season exemplifies that these athletes have to grapple with
sustained anxiety levels and have to attempt to control these “affective” forces in order to achieve their
individual “Zone of Optimal Function” and perform their best (Massumi 85; Raglin 263). This is
conceivably a difficult thing to accomplish and has the potential to cause these athletes to fail to play their
best and fail fulfill their role within the team. These failures could potentially elicit the “aversive
consequences” mentioned by Sagar et al and cause players to have feelings of “diminished perception of
self,” “letting down significant others,” and “negative social evaluation[s]” (1177).
To go along with the constant threat of injury, enforcers also have to deal with the stress and
pressures of maintaining their job and effectively fulfilling their given role within the team. Rich Clune
and Sean Avery describe how they dealt with these worries in their articles for The Player’s Tribune
when Clune says that he “put on a mask to deal with the fear” and when Avery recounts how he “handled
the pressure by inventing a character” and how he would “put his game face on before [he] left for the
rink” and how he would “take it off when [he] got home” (n.pg; n.pg). In his article “The Battle” Clune
communicates how he would “put on the mask to deal with the sleepless night before you know you have
to go out and drop the gloves with the 6’5” monster on the other team . . . [and] put on the mask to deal
with that ever-present fear that it could all go away in an instant” (n.pg). Avery describes in his article
“Transition Season” that he “didn’t love the uncertainty that [his] career could
5. Fafard5
end at any moment” and that “the pressure that [they] experience[d] while . . . playing can be depressing”
(n.pg). Avery also expressed his frustration with the knowledge that “you know that you’re one small
piece of a large machine, and there are guys in suits in the stands watching how you help or hurt that
machine” and how this feeling left him in a constant state of uncertainty (n.pg). Clune’s comment that
“as a hockey player, you’re constantly worried about what the boys think. What coach thinks. [That] we
have been taught to view words like ‘disease’ as a weakness” seems to confirm the presence of Sagar et
al’s consequences of failure such as “letting down significant others” and “negative judgement and low
regard from others” (1177). The presence of the belief of these negative “consequences of failure”
appear to have contributed to the development of Clune’s mental illness and addiction, with the addiction
being a large component of the “mask” that he put on to attempt to deal with his fears and perform at his
best (Sagar et al 1177; Clune n.pg). Avery’s comments on the constant worry about what the “suits in the
stands” are thinking and the “uncertainty” that this creates suggests the presence of Sagar et al’s described
“consequences of failure” such as “letting down significant others” and “hav[ing] an uncertain future”
(n.pg; 1177). These consequences appear to confirm the presence of intense “affective” forces that
contribute to enhanced pre-competition anxiety levels (Massumi 85).
The presence of enhanced anxiety levels due to the “fear of failure” and “perceived risk of
failure” appear to have the potential to adversely affect performance,which can cause the development of
depression (Sagar et al; Short et al). The realization of “consequences of failure” such as “diminished
perception of self,” “no sense of achievement,” and “negative emotions,” due to increased anxiety levels,
appear to distinctly contribute to “low self-esteem” amongst enforcers (Sagar et al 1177; Orth and Robins
455). Orth and Robins belief that “low self-esteem is a causalrisk factor for depression” in their support
of the “vulnerability model” as the superior model that has been developed to link self-esteem to
depression suggests that the realization of the “consequences of failure” has a causal
6. Fafard6
relationship with the development of depression. By extension, this means that enhanced levels of
anxiety for enforcers,having caused the realization of the “consequences of failure” which leads to lower
self-esteem, appears to also have a causal relationship with depression. This appearance of a causal
relationship between high anxiety levels and depression suggests that the high anxiety levels that
enforcers face might have a direct connection to depression.
The amount of anxiety that hockey enforcers must try to control and the effect of this anxiety on
their performance on the ice appears to contribute to their risk of developing depression. Using the
“vulnerability model” to describe the link between self-esteem and depression it is possible to connect the
negative thoughts and emotions felt after failure with depression (Orth and Robins 455). Going forward
more must be done to confirm if the connection between anxiety and depression exists and for what
percentage of the hockey enforcer population this connection holds true for. A thorough study with ethics
approval would allow for the interview of a larger number of enforcers and would be able to pinpoint if
the root cause of failure was due to anxiety or because of other factors. This more thorough study would
also be able to determine what percentage of the enforcer population felt the negative “consequences of
failure” after a poor performance (Sagar et al 1177). Furthermore, additional work must be done to
determine what factor the long term effects of concussions has on the development of depression. Recent
studies suggest that repetitive blows to the head can lead to the development of chronic traumatic
encephalopathy, a neurodegenerative disorder commonly known as CTE, that includes symptoms such as
“behavioural and mood changes, memory loss, cognitive impairment, and dementia” (McKee et al350).
CTE has also been linked to “depression, suicidal ideation and/or behaviour, and poor impulse control”
(Stern et al 466). The violent nature of the hockey enforcer’s job requires more work to be done to
determine whether depression is caused solely by the long term effects of repetitive brain trauma, or
whether the neurological changes associated with CTE leads to a further increase in anxiety symptoms
that has the potential to lead to failure based depression as was discussed in this paper.
7. Fafard7
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