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Chapter 11:
Advocacy and
Lobbying
• Definitions
• Advocacy
• Taking generalized action in support of a cause
• Lobbying
• Supporting or opposing legislation
• Used at differing stages of the cause’s life
cycle
Advocacy and Lobbying
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 2
• Stage 1: Inattention
• Stage 2: Discovery
• Stage 3: Climbing the agenda
• Stage 4: Outlining choices
• Stage 5: Choosing action
Stages in the Life Cycle of Social Change
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 3
• Stage 6: Launching interventions
• Stage 7: Assessing and redirecting efforts
• Stage 8: Achieving success, failure, or
neglect
-Andreasen (2006)
Stages in the Life Cycle of Social Change
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 4
• 501(c)(3)
• Limited lobbying
• Prohibited from political campaign activity
• Gifts tax deductible
• 501(c)(4)
• Unrestricted lobbying
Overview of Lobbying Law
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 5
• Option 1
• Substantial part test
• Little or no organizational lobbying
• Option 2
• 501(h) expenditure test
• How much time the organization spends on
lobbying activity
• As a percentage of the organization’s total
budget
Overview of Lobbying Law
Public Law 94-455
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 6
• Charitable Nonprofits
• Prohibited
• Endorsing a candidate
• Participating in campaign activity
• Contributing money
• Allowing use of facilities
Political Campaign Activity
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 7
• Ask if mission related
• Identify funding sources
• Develop a supporting infrastructure
• Identify key stakeholders
• Apply a mix of approaches
• Form coalitions
Implementing an Advocacy Program
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 8
• Shift from direct services to advocacy
• Push for increased involvement in
electoral politics
• Potential for unethical use of nonprofit
organizations
• Taxpayer unwillingness to subsidize partisan
political activities
Continuing Issues and Debate
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 9
• “Advocacy by nonprofits has played an
important role in the most significant social
changes throughout U.S. history, including
the civil rights movement, the expansion of
women’s rights, and environmental
protections.”
-Michael Worth (2015)
Fundamental Pillar of a Democratic Society
Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 10

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Worth 4e ch 11 advocacy

  • 2. • Definitions • Advocacy • Taking generalized action in support of a cause • Lobbying • Supporting or opposing legislation • Used at differing stages of the cause’s life cycle Advocacy and Lobbying Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 2
  • 3. • Stage 1: Inattention • Stage 2: Discovery • Stage 3: Climbing the agenda • Stage 4: Outlining choices • Stage 5: Choosing action Stages in the Life Cycle of Social Change Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 3
  • 4. • Stage 6: Launching interventions • Stage 7: Assessing and redirecting efforts • Stage 8: Achieving success, failure, or neglect -Andreasen (2006) Stages in the Life Cycle of Social Change Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 4
  • 5. • 501(c)(3) • Limited lobbying • Prohibited from political campaign activity • Gifts tax deductible • 501(c)(4) • Unrestricted lobbying Overview of Lobbying Law Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 5
  • 6. • Option 1 • Substantial part test • Little or no organizational lobbying • Option 2 • 501(h) expenditure test • How much time the organization spends on lobbying activity • As a percentage of the organization’s total budget Overview of Lobbying Law Public Law 94-455 Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 6
  • 7. • Charitable Nonprofits • Prohibited • Endorsing a candidate • Participating in campaign activity • Contributing money • Allowing use of facilities Political Campaign Activity Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 7
  • 8. • Ask if mission related • Identify funding sources • Develop a supporting infrastructure • Identify key stakeholders • Apply a mix of approaches • Form coalitions Implementing an Advocacy Program Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 8
  • 9. • Shift from direct services to advocacy • Push for increased involvement in electoral politics • Potential for unethical use of nonprofit organizations • Taxpayer unwillingness to subsidize partisan political activities Continuing Issues and Debate Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 9
  • 10. • “Advocacy by nonprofits has played an important role in the most significant social changes throughout U.S. history, including the civil rights movement, the expansion of women’s rights, and environmental protections.” -Michael Worth (2015) Fundamental Pillar of a Democratic Society Worth, Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, 2017. 10