World War I was a global war centered in Europe that began in 1914 and lasted until 1918. It involved over 30 countries and resulted in over 15 million deaths. The war started due to increasing nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and a system of alliances that drew the major European powers into war. The immediate trigger was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Serbian nationalists. The war was fought mainly in trenches along the Western Front and resulted in new weapons and military technology but little movement in the battle lines. The United States entered the war in 1917 on the side of Britain, France, Russia, and Italy against Germany and its allies. The war ended with the defeat of

1. World War I
“The Great War”
--the war to end all wars--
1914-1918
#22

2. All Quiet on the Western Front
-US History HonorsErich Maria Remarque - Author
Book – 1929
Banned & Burned in NAZI Germany
Motion Pictures 1930/1977/NOW

3. War Is HELL !!

4. German Soldier at Verdun

5. WW I – More people died in one battle
than in our entire Civil War

6. Four Main Causes of WW I
1) Nationalism – Strong feelings people have for
their own country
Americans feeling when watching Olympics:
Michael Phelps wins Gold
“Extreme Pride for your own country”
Europe was a small place
with many Developed
& Competing Countries

7. Aggressive Nationalism

8. 2) Imperialism – The struggle or competition
for colonies around the world

9. 3) International Rivalries
The nations of Europe wanted to weaken their rivals
and strengthen alliances
• Many countries in a small location
• Build Armies for Defense & Strength
• This leads to a great “Arms Race”
Example
1) Germany’s new navy challenged
Britain's long standing naval supremacy
2) Germany’s disciplined army scared its
neighbors France & Russia

10. The Dreadnought Battleship
-the most powerful war machine on earth
• Br. Started building & Gr.
quickly followed
• Started the “Arms Race”

11. Militarism & Arms Race
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger.,
A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914
94
130
154
268
289
398
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

13. 4) System of Alliances
•
•
Attempt by each country to gain security through
alliances
tried to find – “Balance of Power”
Many Alliances were done in secrecy
- other countries didn’t know what side you were on
“entangling alliances”
Two Main Alliances
1) Triple Entente – GB,FR,Russia (Allies)
2) Central Powers – GR, A-H,Otoman Empire

14. The Major Players: 1914-17
Central Powers:
Allied Powers:
Nicholas II
[Rus]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
George V [Br]
Franz Josef [A-H]
Victor Emmanuel
II [It]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Enver Pasha
[O.E/Turkey]

15. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The
“Powder Keg”
of Europe
Russia
A-H
Ottomans
All wanted
control

17. The “Spark”
That Starts
the
Great War

18. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His
Family – Heir to throne in A-H

19. The Assassination/ Sarajevo

20. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip
Serbian Nationalist
Wanted to free the
Slavic people in A-H
-Liberate the Balkans

21. Who’s To Blame?

22. Chain of Events Take Place
•
•
•
•
•
A-H declares war on Serbia/ July 28, 1914
Russia comes to the aid of Serbia
Germany declares war on Russia & Fr.
Britain stays neutral until Gr. Attacks Fr.
Italy is drawn in by Allies – land from A-H
The USA - Neutral

23. European Countries Mobilize
for War
German Women Factory Workers

24. French Women Factory Workers

25. Soldiers Mobilized
14
12
Millions
10
8
6
4
2
0
France
Germany
Russia
Britain

26. New French Recruits

27. The Schlieffen Plan
GR. Attacks Fr. Through Belgium

28. Two Front War Develops
in Europe
1) Eastern Front
Gr. & A-H push deep into Russia - then slows
2) Western Front
Gr. Attacks France through Belgium
1st Battle of the Marne
- Allies stop the Gr. Offensive just outside of
Paris as the attack bogs down
Trench War – Stalemate (attack-retreat)

29. No Man’s Land / “Going Over the Top”

30. German trenches

31. Major Trench Battles in WWI
1) Battle of Verdun (Feb-July 1916)
A sacred place for the French
“Battle of Attrition”
1 million men – killed/wounded/missing
2) Battle of the Somme (July-Nov 1916)
started to take pressure off of Verdun
60,000 Br. Casualties in one day
1 million killed

32. Somme Battlefield Map
Verdun is slightly south

33. The Somme – July, 1916
e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

34. Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”

35. Trench with French soldiers

36. Dead French
soldiers in the
Argonne
German
remains at
Verdun

37. The Western Front

38. The Central Powers end up Fighting a Two Front War

39. Europe in 1914

40. Fighting Took place in the
Colonies too - Africa
British Sikh
Mountain Gunners
Black Soldiers in the
German Schutztruppen
[German E. Africa]

41. T. E. Lawrence (of Arabia)
& the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

42. Sacrifices in War

43. Development of Pilates
• Joseph Pilates – Born in Germany
• Wanted to help injured soldiers regain
confidence & control of their lives after
suffering debilitating injuries on the Front
• This became the core strengthening workout
used today

44. The Shell-Shattered Area of Chateau Wood, Flanders

45. Scene in the trenches

46. Looking out from the entrance of a A A A
Captured Pill-Box on the Shell
Ravaged Battlefield

47. Weapons of War
The Great War saw destruction on the
field of battle like never before
1) Old-Fashioned Strategies
2) New Technologies

48. German U-Boats

49. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

50. Poison Gas Attacks

51. The three main types of
Poison Gas
Chlorine - a greenish, yellow heavier than air gas which in its
pure form is an oxidizing agent. This means that it will react in the
presence of water to cause a chemical burning effect on organic
matter.
Phosgene - a colorless, odorless, heavier than air gas formed
by heating carbon tetrachloride. It is highly poisonous in that it
will preferentially replace oxygen in the cells and quickly causes
an oxygen debt within the body, unconsciousness and death.
Mustard gas -
gas with a distinctive mustard smell, it causes
blistering and huge sores on any exposed tissue, internal or
external.

52. Effects of Mustard Gas

53. Gas attack seen from an airplane

54. Gas masks
for man
and horse
demonstrated by
American soldier

55. Russians fighting while under gas attack

56. Machine Guns
shoot thousands of bullets per minute

57. German machine gun trench

58. Barbed Wire

59. Flamethrowers

60. Phosphorus Grenade Exploding

61. Periscope Rifle

62. Krupp 420mm howitzer

63. Krupp railroad gun “Big Bertha”
-named after his wife / hard to locate on rail / could shoot
over 60 miles from behind German Lines

64. British Mark I tank

65. French Renault Tank

66. The Zeppelin

67. The Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

68. Curtis-Martin
U. S. Aircraft Plant

69. The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie
Rickenbacher, US
Francesco
Barraco, It.
Willy Coppens de
Holthust, Belg.
Rene Pauk
Fonck, Fr.
Eddie “Mick”
Mannoch, Br.
Manfred von
Richtoffen, Ger.
[The {Red Baron}”]

70. Looking for the “Red Baron”

71. 'Who are they? What are they?' asked Sam shuddering, turning to Frodo. 'I don't
know,' said Frodo in a dreamlike voice. 'But I have seen them too. In the pools
when the candles were lit. They lie in all the pools, pale faces, deep under the dark
water. I saw them: grim faces and evil, and noble faces and sad. Many faces proud
and fair. But all foul, all rotting, all dead. A fell light is in them.' Frodo hid his eyes
in his hands. 'I know not who they are…'
"Yes, yes,' said Gollum. 'All dead, all rotten…There was a great battle long ago....‘
- J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings

72. The Cause of the First World War
& Map - Homework
• Answer the 10 Questions on sheet of paper
• Include the 6 Questions from the WWI Map
Due ______________

73. WW I – Film – NOT THIS YEAR
Identify the following from the film :
1. Otto Dix
2. “The Furnace”- The Battle of Verdun
3. Pals
4. The Battle of the Somme
5. Motion Picture – The Battle of the Somme