The document summarizes key events in the European and North African theaters of World War 2 between 1942 and 1945. It discusses major battles such as Stalingrad, the North Africa campaign, and D-Day as the Allies gained ground against German forces. It also covers the liberation of Nazi death camps and Hitler's suicide as Soviet forces closed in on Berlin, culminating in the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany in 1945.

1. The War for Europe and North Africa Chapter 17, Section 2

2. The United States and Britain After Pearl Harbor - the United States and Britain meet Churchill made the journey to meet with Roosevelt Churchill urges Roosevelt to start in Europe Hitler was a bigger threat

3. The Battle of the Atlantic Hitler began submarine attacks on the East Coast Goal: Limit supplies reaching Europe Germany appeared to be succeeding 7 months into 1942 - 681 Allied ships had been destroyed The US began sending convoys Groups of ships Airplanes accompanied ships to detect U-Boats Liberty ships were built - allowed fleet to outnumber Germans and defeat them

4. The Battle of Stalingrad Winter forced Germany to remain in Moscow and Leningrad in 1941-1942 Spring/Summer - Germans went south in order to capture oil fields and destroy Stalingrad Key industrial city Luftwaffe (German Air Force) bombed the town nightly Russian officers saw potential for failure Wanted to bomb factories Stalin insisted that they finish

5. Battle of Stalingrad Germans were resilient By the end of September - controlled 90% of the city Winter came and the Soviets used it to their advantage Soviets surrounded the city Hitler urged the Germans to continue The Germans surrendered on January 31st, 1943 1,100,000 Soviet soldiers died More than the total number of American deaths in the entire war. Turning point in the war - Soviets went on the offensive and moved West

6. North African Front The Americans and the British opened a new operation - North Africa Axis-controlled General Dwight D. Eisenhower commanded the troops Troops arrived in Casablanca, Oran and Algiers in North Africa Afrika Korps surrendered in May 1943

7. Italian Campaign Meeting between Churchill and Roosevelt - “ unconditional surrender ” Decided to attack Italy before launching attach across the English Channel Captured Sicily in 1943 The Italian people were extremely disappointed Forced Mussolini to resign Hitler was still determined to defeat the Allies in Italy - before they got to Germany “ Bloody Anzio” - 4 months, 25,000 Allied casualties & 30,000 Axis. Success in 1945

8. Heroes in Combat Tuskegee Airmen African American - 99th Pursuit Squadron Saw first success in Italy - continued distinguished service throughout the war Buffaloes African American - 92nd Infantry Division Won More than 200 medals Mexican-Americans 7 Congressional Medal of Honor winners An all-Chicano unit became one of the most decorated of the war Japanese Americans 100th Battalion was most decorated unit in U.S. history

9. D-Day/Normandy General Eisenhower Organized 3 million troops ( American, British and Canadian ) Planned attack on Normandy in France Set up a phantom army Sent orders to attack Calais (150 miles away) Hitler sent troops to protect the port June 6, 1944

10. D-Day/Normandy Shortly after midnight, three divisions parachuted behind enemy lines Largest land-sea-air attack in army history German retaliation was brutal Omaha Beach 7 days of fighting secured 80 miles Additional supplies and troops arrived within a month General Omar Bradley ordered land and air attack at St. Lo in order for General Patton to advance his troops

11. D-Day/Normandy Two days after Patton’s troops attacked, Paris was liberated Four years of occupation By September 1944 , Allies freed France, Belgium and Luxembourg

12. The Battle of the Bulge October 1944, Americans captured Aachen Hitler sent troops to recapture Belgian port of Antwerp Hoped to disrupt supply lines December 16th - Hitler broke through American defenses Tanks drove 60 miles into Allied territory Created a “ bulge ” in the line Captured 120 American GIs Killed in a large field

13. The Battle of the Bulge Battle continued for a month Germans were pushed back - lost men, supplies There wasn’t much the Nazis could do but retreat

14. Liberation of Death Camps Allied troops in the East moved into the German heartland Soviet troops were the first to see a Nazi death camp in July, 1944 SS Guards attempted to burn, destroy evidence Soviets found crematorium and storehouses in addition to a thousand starving prisoners Americans would liberate camps later in the war

15. Unconditional Surrender April 25, 1945 - Soviets in Berlin Hitler committed suicide on April 30th - a day after marrying Eva Braun On May 8, 1945 - Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich V-E Day = Victory in Europe Day

16. Roosevelt’s Death President Roosevelt was elected for a fourth term On April 12, 1945 - President Roosevelt suffered a stroke and died Harry Truman became president