The document discusses a study on the relationship between the Zeigarnik effect and consumer attention in advertisements. The Zeigarnik effect refers to how people better remember interrupted or incomplete tasks. The study examined how this effect relates to whether advertisements containing interrupted elements are better remembered by consumers. 204 respondents viewed various advertisements and were tested on their attention and recall. The results provided positive support that the Zeigarnik effect can improve consumer attention and memory of advertisements.
The document discusses the impact of advertising on consumer behavior. It begins by stating that marketers use various media platforms to influence consumer behavior and maintain loyalty. It then outlines the objectives of the study, which are to analyze consumer buying behavior and examine the effect of advertisements on consumer decisions. The literature review covers previous research on how advertising shapes consumer perceptions and purchasing. The methodology uses secondary data collection. Key topics covered include definitions of advertising and consumer behavior, factors influencing consumer behavior, objectives of advertising, types of advertising, and the impact of advertising in building brand familiarity, trust, and motivating purchases. The conclusion is that advertising helps create awareness to influence consumer opinions and decisions.
This document provides an overview of a student project report on advertisements. It includes an introduction, acknowledgements, table of contents, and sections on the meaning and purpose of advertising, different types of advertising aims and media, and factors that influence consumer behavior. The project was submitted by Anshu Maheshwari, a student of Bachelor of Business Administration at Dezyne Eโcole College, towards their degree requirements. It discusses key advertising concepts and provides examples to explain different topics.
The Impact of Business Propaganda_ Understanding its Role and Effects on Cons...Stephen Taylor Propaganda
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In the world of business, propaganda plays a significant role in shaping public opinion and influencing consumer behaviour. Business propaganda, also known as corporate propaganda, refers to the strategic dissemination of information or ideas by businesses to promote their products, services, or overall brand image.
The concept of business propaganda has a long history that dates back to ancient times. However, it gained prominence during the early 20th century with the rise of mass media and advertising. Since then, businesses have utilised various tactics and techniques to craft persuasive messages that appeal to consumers and advance their interests.
Brand loyalty occurs when consumers feel an emotional attachment to a brand and are willing to consistently purchase from that brand. They may pay higher prices or go out of their way for that brand. Marketers try to build brand loyalty by creating brand experiences that appeal to consumers' senses and emotions. Effective branding engages consumers psychologically and can result in repeat purchases and deeper loyalty over time. True brand loyalty involves behavioral and psychological commitment to the brand.
This document provides an overview of advertising effectiveness and the soft drink industry in India. It discusses the objectives and methodology of studying advertising effectiveness, including testing advertisements before and after launch. It also profiles the major players in the Indian soft drink industry, Coca-Cola and Pepsi, and describes their competitive strategies and branding of products like Thums Up and Miranda. The cola war between Pepsi and Coca-Cola in India is discussed in terms of their aggressive marketing approaches to capture market share.
Advertising, its role and importance in the marketing of consumer productResearchWap
ย
The research will be carried out to find out the adverting philosophy in our industries.
The study is specifically undertaken to know the role and importance of global advertisement on consumers attitudes and preference in the firms products and also to know the reasons for recent increase in the advertisement both by the manufacturing and services of the company.
To study consumers reactions towards the product and as well to study consumers reaction the company advertisement.
The study will help to know the image that the company commands, generally in the market and the image it creates in consumers concerning certain products of the organization. The marketing activities are becoming complex as a result of increasing stiff competition from various manufacturers to support their existence in the market places.
A lot of product are now struggling for the few earned by consumer naira. One must focus more attention on the importance of advertising, which is to inform and persuade consumer towards products and attribute benefits.
Manufacturing organization are making serious effort to motivate people towards purchasing their products and at the same time protect goods image of the organization. While focusing attention on advertising it must be equally, borne in mind that consumers are often irrational, unpredictable and erratic in their behaviours.
Therefore, there is need to understand the behaviour of consumers. However another significance of this research work includes:
1. It creates mass markets that encourage economic of scale in production.
2. It reduce distribution costs by pre-selling goods
3. It contributes to the maintenance of high quality standard by making the public aware of the identify of the manufacturer.
4. It also provides information about old and new product.
A STUDY ON EFFECTIVE BRAND PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES INFLUENCING CUSTOMERSIAEME Publication
ย
The document discusses a study on effective brand promotional strategies that influence customers. It examines the use of outdoor and in-store promotions by Max retail. The study found that hoardings and point-of-purchase materials were effective at communicating promotions internally. Discounts and coupons were also found to stimulate shopping. While contests had a neutral effect. The majority of respondents were from Chennai, and future research could expand to other locations.
The document discusses the impact of advertising on consumer behavior. It begins by stating that marketers use various media platforms to influence consumer behavior and maintain loyalty. It then outlines the objectives of the study, which are to analyze consumer buying behavior and examine the effect of advertisements on consumer decisions. The literature review covers previous research on how advertising shapes consumer perceptions and purchasing. The methodology uses secondary data collection. Key topics covered include definitions of advertising and consumer behavior, factors influencing consumer behavior, objectives of advertising, types of advertising, and the impact of advertising in building brand familiarity, trust, and motivating purchases. The conclusion is that advertising helps create awareness to influence consumer opinions and decisions.
This document provides an overview of a student project report on advertisements. It includes an introduction, acknowledgements, table of contents, and sections on the meaning and purpose of advertising, different types of advertising aims and media, and factors that influence consumer behavior. The project was submitted by Anshu Maheshwari, a student of Bachelor of Business Administration at Dezyne Eโcole College, towards their degree requirements. It discusses key advertising concepts and provides examples to explain different topics.
The Impact of Business Propaganda_ Understanding its Role and Effects on Cons...Stephen Taylor Propaganda
ย
In the world of business, propaganda plays a significant role in shaping public opinion and influencing consumer behaviour. Business propaganda, also known as corporate propaganda, refers to the strategic dissemination of information or ideas by businesses to promote their products, services, or overall brand image.
The concept of business propaganda has a long history that dates back to ancient times. However, it gained prominence during the early 20th century with the rise of mass media and advertising. Since then, businesses have utilised various tactics and techniques to craft persuasive messages that appeal to consumers and advance their interests.
Brand loyalty occurs when consumers feel an emotional attachment to a brand and are willing to consistently purchase from that brand. They may pay higher prices or go out of their way for that brand. Marketers try to build brand loyalty by creating brand experiences that appeal to consumers' senses and emotions. Effective branding engages consumers psychologically and can result in repeat purchases and deeper loyalty over time. True brand loyalty involves behavioral and psychological commitment to the brand.
This document provides an overview of advertising effectiveness and the soft drink industry in India. It discusses the objectives and methodology of studying advertising effectiveness, including testing advertisements before and after launch. It also profiles the major players in the Indian soft drink industry, Coca-Cola and Pepsi, and describes their competitive strategies and branding of products like Thums Up and Miranda. The cola war between Pepsi and Coca-Cola in India is discussed in terms of their aggressive marketing approaches to capture market share.
Advertising, its role and importance in the marketing of consumer productResearchWap
ย
The research will be carried out to find out the adverting philosophy in our industries.
The study is specifically undertaken to know the role and importance of global advertisement on consumers attitudes and preference in the firms products and also to know the reasons for recent increase in the advertisement both by the manufacturing and services of the company.
To study consumers reactions towards the product and as well to study consumers reaction the company advertisement.
The study will help to know the image that the company commands, generally in the market and the image it creates in consumers concerning certain products of the organization. The marketing activities are becoming complex as a result of increasing stiff competition from various manufacturers to support their existence in the market places.
A lot of product are now struggling for the few earned by consumer naira. One must focus more attention on the importance of advertising, which is to inform and persuade consumer towards products and attribute benefits.
Manufacturing organization are making serious effort to motivate people towards purchasing their products and at the same time protect goods image of the organization. While focusing attention on advertising it must be equally, borne in mind that consumers are often irrational, unpredictable and erratic in their behaviours.
Therefore, there is need to understand the behaviour of consumers. However another significance of this research work includes:
1. It creates mass markets that encourage economic of scale in production.
2. It reduce distribution costs by pre-selling goods
3. It contributes to the maintenance of high quality standard by making the public aware of the identify of the manufacturer.
4. It also provides information about old and new product.
A STUDY ON EFFECTIVE BRAND PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES INFLUENCING CUSTOMERSIAEME Publication
ย
The document discusses a study on effective brand promotional strategies that influence customers. It examines the use of outdoor and in-store promotions by Max retail. The study found that hoardings and point-of-purchase materials were effective at communicating promotions internally. Discounts and coupons were also found to stimulate shopping. While contests had a neutral effect. The majority of respondents were from Chennai, and future research could expand to other locations.
The Effect of Advertising Awareness on Brand Equity in Social MediaDr. Abdullah Alhaddad
ย
Social media is a phenomenon that has drawn a lot of attention both to companies and
individuals interacting on the networking landscape. Social media has changed the traditional
communication between brands and consumers and enabled consumer to make positive as well as negative
influence on brand equity. Therefore, it is important for companies to know, how to manage communicate in
social media seeking to build brand equity by building the brand awareness and positive image for brand.
The essence of this study is to research how a company can seize the moment of using social media
networks to create brand equity and also explore its challenges to draw the attention of those companies
venturing into social media networks to increase brand awareness and brand image. In recent days, internet
advertising has taken new forms which have more advantages over the traditional mediums like print
media, TV and radio. Marketing communication is becoming precise, personal, interesting, interactive and
social. Awareness which include both of recall and recognition become the first step for any move toward a
successful market strategy. The Main purpose of this study is to show the role of awareness at social media
on the brand equity throw advertising awareness, the conceptual model illustrates the impact of advertising
awareness on brand equity and its dimensions. In order to accomplish the objectives proposed, a model
reflecting the effect of advertising awareness on brand equity, the model is tested by structural equations
modeling and the sample is 273 students, the finding show that advertising awareness has an effect on both
brand awareness and brand image. Also advertising awareness has effects on brand equity. The study
finding can be used by mobiles market to increasing brand equity.
Selective determinants of advertisement appeal for a product or serviceAlexander Decker
ย
This document discusses selective determinants of advertisement appeal for products and services. It explains that advertisers must understand consumer buying motives and how their product satisfies wants or needs to determine the best advertising appeal. A variety of appeal types are classified, including primary vs selective, emotional vs rational, and positive vs negative. The document also discusses unique selling points and how gender, social status, and materialism can influence purchasing behavior and make certain appeals more effective. Selecting the right appeal requires understanding a product's benefits and how it differs from competitors to trigger consumer behavior and motivate purchases. Both factual and emotional appeals may be used alone or combined to persuade audiences.
PROJECT REPORT ON advertisement(2012025)Arka Sengupta
ย
This document provides an overview of creativity in advertising with respect to various advertising agencies. It discusses the origin and impact of advertising, the role of advertising in marketing mix, and the AIDA formula in advertising. It also covers advertising agencies, advertising campaigns, creativity and innovation in advertising, and how advertising is influenced by family and different regions/markets. The document serves as the basis for a dissertation on creativity in advertising. It provides background information and outlines the chapters to be included in the dissertation.
1. The document discusses various frameworks for how advertising works, including the sales, persuasion, involvement, and salience frameworks. It explains concepts like using emotion, shock advertising, and developing brand awareness.
2. Strategic uses of advertising discussed include differentiating brands, reinforcing messages, and engaging customers. The FCB matrix combines involvement with rational/emotional thinking for ad strategies.
3. Case studies are provided on how companies like M&S, Sony Ericsson, Yellow Pages, and NesCafe have effectively used advertising frameworks and strategies.
Investigating the types of e advertising strategyadvertising strategy and i...Alexander Decker
ย
This document discusses different types of online advertising strategies and their influence on consumer buying behavior. It begins by defining online/e-advertising and some common online advertising methods like banner ads, social media advertising, and email marketing. It then describes three main types of online advertising strategies: banner advertising, animated banner ads, interactive banner ads, and transactional banner ads. The document aims to examine the relationship between environmental responses and emotional responses to advertising as independent variables, and their impact on consumer buying behavior as the dependent variable.
Investigating the types of e advertising strategyadvertising strategy and i...Alexander Decker
ย
This document discusses different types of online advertising strategies and their influence on consumer buying behavior. It begins by defining online/e-advertising and some common online advertising strategies like banner ads, social media advertising, and email marketing. It then describes three main types of banner ads: animated banners, interactive banners, and transactional banners. The purpose is to examine the relationship between environmental responses and emotional responses to advertising (independent variables) and their impact on consumer buying behavior (dependent variable).
Advertising messages are everywhere. There are advertisements on radio,
television, billboards, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, matchbook covers, gas
pumps, shopping carts, clothing, and on. Advertising researchers want to answer
questions such as should a certain product be packaged in blue or red? Is
Cosmopolitan a better advertising buy than Vogue? Advertising research does not
involve any special techniques; the methods discussed earlierโ laboratory, survey,
field research, focus groups, and content analysisโare in common use.
Advertising
Generally we can say that Advertising is a marketing communication and non-
personal message to promote or sell a product, service or idea.
Advertising is a means of communication with the users of a product or service.
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/advertising
Advertising research
Advertising research is a specialized form of marketing research conducted to
improve the efficiency of advertising.
Advertising research is the systematic gathering and analysis of information to help
develop or evaluate advertising strategies, ads and commercials, and media
campaigns.
https://www.slideshare.net/PranavKumarOjha/advertising-research-13466787
So research in advertising is applied research, which attempts to solve a specific
problem and is not concerned with theorizing or generalizing to other situations.
Areas in advertising research
There are three functional research areas in advertising these are
1. Copy research
2. Media research and
This document provides an overview of a study on consumer purchase decision involvement and advertisement involvement in branded apparel. The study has three objectives: 1) To assess the degree of consumer purchase decision involvement and advertisement involvement in branded apparel. 2) To examine the impact of purchase decision involvement and advertisement involvement on purchase decisions. 3) To analyze how purchase decision involvement and advertisement involvement differ across socio-demographic groups when purchasing branded apparel. The study will use surveys, regression analysis, and ANOVA to collect primary data and test hypotheses related to the objectives. Understanding consumer purchase behaviors can help marketers better design marketing strategies tailored to different consumer groups.
Promotion Mix Vs Consumer Demand by Tolulope Ofitoluofi
ย
This document discusses various promotion tools and their impact on consumer demand. It defines public relations, advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling. For each tool, it outlines strategies used, advantages, disadvantages and how effectiveness can be measured. The key points are: promotion tools aim to stimulate consumer demand and sales; each has short and long-term impacts; and the most effective promotion mix uses multiple tools to communicate with customers.
The Role of Propaganda in Marketing_ Understanding its Impact and Ethical Con...Stephen Taylor Propaganda
ย
Marketing propaganda involves the strategic use of various techniques and tactics aimed at capturing attention, generating interest, and ultimately persuading consumers to make purchasing decisions. These techniques may include emotional appeal, misinformation or exaggeration, repetition of key messages, and even subtle manipulation.
Advertising works if planned and implemented effectively. It attracts customers, creates loyalty, and increases sales and profits. However, its effects are subtle and occur over time. Dramatic success is rare, and effective ads are creative, unique, and instill desire. While advertising influences consumer behavior through cognition, affection, and action, its impact is difficult to predict as consumer mental processes are dynamic. For advertising to be most effective, it must be targeted, informative, distinctive, and tested before large-scale implementation.
Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
ย
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Comparative Study of Comedy Advertisements versus Emotional AdvertisementsKakoli Laha
ย
This document summarizes a study comparing the effectiveness of comedy advertisements versus emotional advertisements. The study aims to understand which type of advertisement better influences consumer loyalty and purchasing decisions. It reviews literature finding that comedy advertisements grab more attention by lowering defenses and creating positive feelings, while emotional advertisements forge stronger bonds by appealing to universal human emotions. The document also examines the hierarchy of effects model which outlines six stages consumers progress through from awareness to purchase - from cognitive understanding to affective liking to conative behavior change. The objective is to determine whether humor or emotional content more successfully moves consumers through these stages.
This document discusses a study on the effects of branding on restaurants' image in selected restaurants in Nairobi, Kenya. The study found that 25% of managers believed their brand name earned them repeated guests, 25% said their name could attract customers easily, 25% felt it made them popular, and 25% said it influenced their high sales. Most restaurants sampled were indigenous (92.7%) rather than exotic. Most customers were employed nearby, showing the restaurants suited business clients more than others. Over half of customers (58.3%) first learned of the restaurant through local media advertisements.
This document discusses future trends in advertising. It predicts that in 10 years, advertisements will need to be more attention-getting, interactive, and brief due to consumers having less time and shorter attention spans. Small businesses will be able to market themselves globally through online tools. However, some consumers may want fewer product ads, so personalized advertising based on personal data and interests may become more common, though this raises privacy concerns. Celebrity endorsements and visually appealing images in ads will also remain effective strategies.
Changing attitudes of consumers through emotional advertisingYohan DSouza
ย
This document provides a project report on changing consumer attitudes through emotional advertising. It discusses advertising and the increasing clutter consumers face. It then examines how emotions like happiness, sadness, and fear can influence consumers when used in advertising. The report aims to study which emotions positively or negatively impact consumers' purchase decisions. It details research conducted on emotional advertising and concludes with findings on how certain emotions can facilitate understanding of advertising messages and influence buying behavior.
intllab.com - Mine for sale (magazine advertising)intllab.com
ย
Attitude towards advertising can be used as one of the predictable factors of advertising effectiveness. Of course, considering belief factors is very important and also necessary. Influential responses to advertising (effective reaction to advertisement) have significant impacts on causing positive reaction to the brands. Moreover, the impact of influential responses on attitude towards advertising and then attitude towards brand may be different from one person to another
1. Lists crimes and crime involvement on the Mendez brothers.2.I.docxambersalomon88660
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The document discusses an investigation into crimes allegedly committed by the Mendez brothers. It details evidence found at the crime scene and interviews conducted with the Mendez brothers. Photos related to the investigation are also included as part of the document.
1. Lists and analyzes strengths and weaknesses based on each of th.docxambersalomon88660
ย
1. Lists and analyzes strengths and weaknesses based on each of the listed content areas, and draws on evidence from the given Web site.
2. Discusses specific changes that can be made in the workplace are discussed, while giving clear and relevant examples for why changes are necessary. Evaluates how personal skill set can be used to effect change in workplace.
3. Provides a thoughtful reflection on areas for growth. Pinpoints at least one specific goal for leadership growth, and outlines a well-organized and realistic implementation plan to meet the goal.
4. Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive; contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
5. There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas progress and relate to each other. Paragraph and transition construction guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless.
6. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
7. All format elements are correct.
8. In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of error.
.
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Social media is a phenomenon that has drawn a lot of attention both to companies and
individuals interacting on the networking landscape. Social media has changed the traditional
communication between brands and consumers and enabled consumer to make positive as well as negative
influence on brand equity. Therefore, it is important for companies to know, how to manage communicate in
social media seeking to build brand equity by building the brand awareness and positive image for brand.
The essence of this study is to research how a company can seize the moment of using social media
networks to create brand equity and also explore its challenges to draw the attention of those companies
venturing into social media networks to increase brand awareness and brand image. In recent days, internet
advertising has taken new forms which have more advantages over the traditional mediums like print
media, TV and radio. Marketing communication is becoming precise, personal, interesting, interactive and
social. Awareness which include both of recall and recognition become the first step for any move toward a
successful market strategy. The Main purpose of this study is to show the role of awareness at social media
on the brand equity throw advertising awareness, the conceptual model illustrates the impact of advertising
awareness on brand equity and its dimensions. In order to accomplish the objectives proposed, a model
reflecting the effect of advertising awareness on brand equity, the model is tested by structural equations
modeling and the sample is 273 students, the finding show that advertising awareness has an effect on both
brand awareness and brand image. Also advertising awareness has effects on brand equity. The study
finding can be used by mobiles market to increasing brand equity.
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This document discusses selective determinants of advertisement appeal for products and services. It explains that advertisers must understand consumer buying motives and how their product satisfies wants or needs to determine the best advertising appeal. A variety of appeal types are classified, including primary vs selective, emotional vs rational, and positive vs negative. The document also discusses unique selling points and how gender, social status, and materialism can influence purchasing behavior and make certain appeals more effective. Selecting the right appeal requires understanding a product's benefits and how it differs from competitors to trigger consumer behavior and motivate purchases. Both factual and emotional appeals may be used alone or combined to persuade audiences.
PROJECT REPORT ON advertisement(2012025)Arka Sengupta
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This document provides an overview of creativity in advertising with respect to various advertising agencies. It discusses the origin and impact of advertising, the role of advertising in marketing mix, and the AIDA formula in advertising. It also covers advertising agencies, advertising campaigns, creativity and innovation in advertising, and how advertising is influenced by family and different regions/markets. The document serves as the basis for a dissertation on creativity in advertising. It provides background information and outlines the chapters to be included in the dissertation.
1. The document discusses various frameworks for how advertising works, including the sales, persuasion, involvement, and salience frameworks. It explains concepts like using emotion, shock advertising, and developing brand awareness.
2. Strategic uses of advertising discussed include differentiating brands, reinforcing messages, and engaging customers. The FCB matrix combines involvement with rational/emotional thinking for ad strategies.
3. Case studies are provided on how companies like M&S, Sony Ericsson, Yellow Pages, and NesCafe have effectively used advertising frameworks and strategies.
Investigating the types of e advertising strategyadvertising strategy and i...Alexander Decker
ย
This document discusses different types of online advertising strategies and their influence on consumer buying behavior. It begins by defining online/e-advertising and some common online advertising methods like banner ads, social media advertising, and email marketing. It then describes three main types of online advertising strategies: banner advertising, animated banner ads, interactive banner ads, and transactional banner ads. The document aims to examine the relationship between environmental responses and emotional responses to advertising as independent variables, and their impact on consumer buying behavior as the dependent variable.
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This document discusses different types of online advertising strategies and their influence on consumer buying behavior. It begins by defining online/e-advertising and some common online advertising strategies like banner ads, social media advertising, and email marketing. It then describes three main types of banner ads: animated banners, interactive banners, and transactional banners. The purpose is to examine the relationship between environmental responses and emotional responses to advertising (independent variables) and their impact on consumer buying behavior (dependent variable).
Advertising messages are everywhere. There are advertisements on radio,
television, billboards, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, matchbook covers, gas
pumps, shopping carts, clothing, and on. Advertising researchers want to answer
questions such as should a certain product be packaged in blue or red? Is
Cosmopolitan a better advertising buy than Vogue? Advertising research does not
involve any special techniques; the methods discussed earlierโ laboratory, survey,
field research, focus groups, and content analysisโare in common use.
Advertising
Generally we can say that Advertising is a marketing communication and non-
personal message to promote or sell a product, service or idea.
Advertising is a means of communication with the users of a product or service.
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/advertising
Advertising research
Advertising research is a specialized form of marketing research conducted to
improve the efficiency of advertising.
Advertising research is the systematic gathering and analysis of information to help
develop or evaluate advertising strategies, ads and commercials, and media
campaigns.
https://www.slideshare.net/PranavKumarOjha/advertising-research-13466787
So research in advertising is applied research, which attempts to solve a specific
problem and is not concerned with theorizing or generalizing to other situations.
Areas in advertising research
There are three functional research areas in advertising these are
1. Copy research
2. Media research and
This document provides an overview of a study on consumer purchase decision involvement and advertisement involvement in branded apparel. The study has three objectives: 1) To assess the degree of consumer purchase decision involvement and advertisement involvement in branded apparel. 2) To examine the impact of purchase decision involvement and advertisement involvement on purchase decisions. 3) To analyze how purchase decision involvement and advertisement involvement differ across socio-demographic groups when purchasing branded apparel. The study will use surveys, regression analysis, and ANOVA to collect primary data and test hypotheses related to the objectives. Understanding consumer purchase behaviors can help marketers better design marketing strategies tailored to different consumer groups.
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Marketing propaganda involves the strategic use of various techniques and tactics aimed at capturing attention, generating interest, and ultimately persuading consumers to make purchasing decisions. These techniques may include emotional appeal, misinformation or exaggeration, repetition of key messages, and even subtle manipulation.
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This document discusses a study on the effects of branding on restaurants' image in selected restaurants in Nairobi, Kenya. The study found that 25% of managers believed their brand name earned them repeated guests, 25% said their name could attract customers easily, 25% felt it made them popular, and 25% said it influenced their high sales. Most restaurants sampled were indigenous (92.7%) rather than exotic. Most customers were employed nearby, showing the restaurants suited business clients more than others. Over half of customers (58.3%) first learned of the restaurant through local media advertisements.
This document discusses future trends in advertising. It predicts that in 10 years, advertisements will need to be more attention-getting, interactive, and brief due to consumers having less time and shorter attention spans. Small businesses will be able to market themselves globally through online tools. However, some consumers may want fewer product ads, so personalized advertising based on personal data and interests may become more common, though this raises privacy concerns. Celebrity endorsements and visually appealing images in ads will also remain effective strategies.
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Attitude towards advertising can be used as one of the predictable factors of advertising effectiveness. Of course, considering belief factors is very important and also necessary. Influential responses to advertising (effective reaction to advertisement) have significant impacts on causing positive reaction to the brands. Moreover, the impact of influential responses on attitude towards advertising and then attitude towards brand may be different from one person to another
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ยท Stock issuance, since a credit rating wonโt negatively affect Koffmanโs ability to sell stock.
2. Bookmark question for later
Hal and Miranda have a general partnership business for landscaping projects. Hal makes a contract with a customer for a project one day while Miranda is absent and leaves on vacation the next day. Miranda does not feel she has the time to perform the contract for the customer. Which of the following is true?
ยท Indeterminable without more information.
ยท Miranda is obligated to perform the contract.
ยท Miranda may relinquish her obligation to perform the contract since Hal signed it without her knowledge.
ยท Only Hal is obligated to perform the contract.
3. Bookmark question for later
Kara wants to build a business. She has plenty of capital and potential investors and partners. She wants to avoid the burden of sole liability for her business and wants to be able to close the business when she is no longer interested in it. Which of the following would lead Kara to choose a sole proprietorship organization for her business?
ยท Avoidance of sole liability
ยท Ability to close the business easily
ยท Plenty of capital
ยท Many potential investors/partners
4. Bookmark question for later
Lily wants to build a business. She has very little capital. She does, however, have a partner with which she could run a business. Lily wants to be able to avoid being held personally liable for any problems the business has. Which of the following would lead Lily to choose a sole proprietorship organization for her business?
ยท None of the above
ยท Avoidance of personal liability
ยท Little capital
ยท Possession of a partner
5. Bookmark question for later
Abigail is a manager at her company. The company just launched an initiative to improve its corporate citizenship practices. Abilgail is responsible for all but which of the following areas?
ยท Vigilance of the board of directors
ยท Disclosure and transparency
ยท Integrity and ethical behavior
ยท Safeguarding shareholders' interests
6. Bookmark question for later
Match each event with the order in which it occurs in the formation of a corporation.
First
Fourth
Third
Second
Drag and drop the choices from below.
Incorporators select a name for the corporation
Novations are executed
Business selects a state of incorporation
Articles of incorporation are filed
Reset Answers
7. Bookmark question for later
Mario and Johnny want to start a business. They have very little capital. They are new partners and largely unfamiliar with each otherโs management practices. They are happy, however, to .
1. List all the entities that interact with the TIMS system. Start b.docxambersalomon88660
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1. List all the entities that interact with the TIMS system. Start by reviewing the data library,
previous e-mail messages, DFDs, and other documentation.
2. Draw an ERD that shows cardinality relationships among the entities. Send the diagram
to Jesse.
3. For each entity, Jesse wants to see table designs in 3NF. Use standard notation format to
show the primary key and the other fields in each table.
4. Jesse wants to use sample data to populate fields for at least three records in each table.
Better get started on this right away.
.
1. Know the terminology flash cards.2. Know the hist.docxambersalomon88660
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This document discusses the socio-political, ethical, and legal challenges of implementing a One Health approach to emerging infectious diseases. A One Health approach calls for cross-sector collaboration between human, animal, and environmental health to effectively control and prevent diseases at the human-animal interface. However, emerging infectious disease events involve complex social and economic factors beyond just pathogens. Effective policies require understanding these dynamics and being aligned with public values. Key challenges include developing social science research on disease impacts and responses, creating analytical frameworks to promote collaboration and knowledge sharing, engaging the public, integrating ethics into decision-making, and focusing on meaningful reform rather than rhetoric. Overcoming these challenges will be necessary for One Health to achieve its goals of emerging infectious disease control
1. Journal Entry The attached (BUROS Center for Testing).docxambersalomon88660
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1. Journal Entry:
The attached (BUROS Center for Testing) website link presents and explained the
seven assessment competencies needed by teachers in detail:
http://buros.org/standards-teacher-competence-educational-assessment-
students (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. .
Read the information provided on this site and in your Journal self-reflect on the
following question: What is my current level of understanding and skill in these
competencies? In your self-reflection be sure to address EACH of the seven
competencies.
NOTE: It is a self-reflection, so you can NOT use any sources other than the
attached website.
DUE: in 24 hours
How nondirective therapy directs: The power of empathy in the context
of unconditional positive regard
Marvin Frankela*, Howard Rachlinb and Marika Yip-Bannicqc
aSarah Lawrence College, New York, USA; bStony Brook University, New York, USA; cNew
York University, New York, USA
(Received 26 November 2011; final version received 16 May 2012)
This paper explains how acceptance and empathy are vehicles for psychothe-
rapeutic change by showing how these factors function in nondirective client-
centered therapy. The paper argues that because the nondirective client-centered
therapistโs unconditional positive regard may conflict with the clientโs conditional
self-regard, the therapy cultivates a novel restructuring of the clientโs narrative.
By revealing how positive therapeutic change can result from the interplay of
unconditional positive regard and empathy, the article explains the effectiveness
of classical client-centered therapy in particular and accounts at least in part for
the effectiveness of other therapies that stress the healing properties of the
psychotherapeutic relationship.
Keywords: empathy; unconditional positive regard; Gestalt figure/ground
relationships
Wie nicht-direktive Therapie dirigiert
Dieser Artikel erklaฬrt, wie Akzeptanz und Empathie das Agens therapeutischer
Veraฬnderung sind, indem er zeigt, wie diese Faktoren in der nicht-direktiven
klient-zentrierten Therapie funktionieren. Gerade weil das bedingungslose
positive Beachten des nicht-direktiven klientzentrierten Therapeuten im Konflikt
liegen kann mit der Sicht des Klienten auf sich selbst, die voller Bedingungen
steckt, gerade deshalb kultiviert die Therapie eine neuartige Restrukturierung des
Klienten-Narrativs. Positive therapeutische Veraฬnderung resultiert aus dem
Zusammenspiel zwischen bedingungsloser positiver Beachtung und Empathie.
Die Effektivitaฬt der klassischen Klientzentrierten Therapie ist zumindest teilweise
die Ursache, wenn es um die Wirksamkeit anderer Therapien geht, die die
heilende Dimension der psychotherapeutischen Beziehung betonen.
Coฬmo dirige la terapia no directiva
Este escrito explica coฬmo la aceptacioฬn y la empatฤฑฬa son vehฤฑฬculos de cambio
psicoterapeฬutico, mostrando coฬmo funcionan estos factores en la terapia no
directiva centrada en el cliente. El.
1. Introduction and thesisThrough extensive research I hope to f.docxambersalomon88660
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1. Introduction and thesis
Through extensive research I hope to find the answer a specific question. How does culture affect the household? In this paper I will research various parenting styles, and how culture affects the parenting style and personalities. Through my research I am hoping to attain and comprehend how culture affects not only the household, but also how we view society.
2. Main Body
Various parenting Styles.
ย ย ย ย ย ย Parenting norms
ย ย ย ย ย ย Parenting Priorities ย
How does culture affect parenting?
ย ย ย ย ย ย Classifications of parenting styles
ย ย ย ย ย ย Cultural Influences on Parenting Styles
How does culture affect our personalities?
ย ย ย ย ย ย What makes us different
ย ย ย ย ย ย How we view certain topics
3. Closing
4. References
.
1. Is it important the hospital to have a licensure to ensure that.docxambersalomon88660
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1. Is it important the hospital to have a licensure to ensure that the licensees the minimal degree of competency necessary to ensure that public health,. safety, and the welfare are protected. Typically, they are granted at the state level, if the individual works in multiple jurisdictions, then they must licensed in each jurisdiction. Which the government authorize for grants permission to an individual practitioner or health care organizations to operate or to engage in an occupation or profession. Lincensure regulations are generally established to ensure that an organization or individuals is usually granted after some form of examination or proof of education and may be renewed periodically through payment of a fee and or proof of continuing education or professional competence. Organizational licensure is granted following an on site inspection to determine if minimum health and safety standards have been met. Maintenance of licensure is an on going requirement for the health care organization to operate and care for patients. Requirements needed to deliver when comes to health care to maintaining the licensure. Maintain the quality as new technology, financial resources, improve quality such to reduce waiting time, and implementing process to reduce the rate post operative infections.Ensure public safety the hospital is responsible the patients will not be harmed, responsibility to comply with laws and regulations related to public safety, and reduce staff injury within the organizations. When a hospital don't have a licensure some of them when dont follow rules such malpractice insurers, when don't comply with Joint Commission could seem poor management.
2. The general public does not have adequate information to judge provider qualifications or competence; thus, professional licensure laws are enacted to assure the public that practitioners have met the qualifications and minimum competencies required for practice. Licensure by a governmental agency signifies that the individual has met the minimal degree of competency and proficiency needed to ensure the safety and well-being of the consumer, clients or population being served. Licensure is necessary when the regulated activities are complex and require specialized knowledge and skill and independent decision making. The licensure process determines if the applicant has the necessary skills to safely perform a specified scope of practice by predetermining the criteria needed and evaluating licensure applicants to determine if they meet the criteria. Typically, licensure requirements include some combination of education, training and examination to demonstrate competency. Licensure requirements also involve continuing education, training, and, for some, periodic re-examination. If a hospital did not have this licensure there would be chaos. Readmission rates would be high, there would be no set standards of practice, no protocols or rules to follow and there would be confusion wit.
1. INTRODUCTIONย In recent years, energy harvesting fro.docxambersalomon88660
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The document provides details about a study that evaluated the performance of a tristable magnetic coupled piezoelectric energy harvester for harvesting energy from human walking and running. It establishes a theoretical model for the tristable energy harvester with a time-varying potential energy function based on characteristics of human motion. Experimental results showed that the tristable energy harvester exhibited better performance than a linear energy harvester when applied to human walking and running, with a maximum average output power of 16.38ฮผW. The study provides insights into enhancing energy harvesting from human motions using nonlinear harvester designs.
1. INTRODUCTIONThe rapid of economic growth in China, is a fou.docxambersalomon88660
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1. INTRODUCTION
The rapid of economic growth in China, is a foundation of urban expansion, associated with the rise in migrants in urban areas. According to data from Statistics Bureau in China, the urban proportion of the total populations reached 45.7% in 2008 compared to 17.9% in 1978, and is expected to reach 50% by 2020. The presence of a large number of rural labor force in the city, tend to look for adequate and affordable housing, which generate a peculiar outcome in most Chinese cities, urban villages. Urban villages, or Chengzhongcun in Chinese, they mean that the villages in the middle of the city, interact as urban expansion surrounded them (Chung, 2009).
According to land management law in China, the ownership of urban land is state, and the ownership of rural land is collective-owned the village. Besides, land belonging to the rural collectives can only used to solely agricultural and not allowed to sell in the land market. The earliest urban village emerged in China is due to the 1978 Economic Reforms. In order to fulfill the investment and development, the government tends to expropriated farmland in rural villages for urban use because of the limit of capital and time-consuming. Therefore, the settlement villages are been survived while their surrounding environment dramatically development, graduate leading to the formation of urban villages (Hao, et al, 2011).
On the other hand, rural migrants have been flooding into cities because of the demand of cheap labour force in urban areas and the states started to relax restrictions on rural-urban migration after Reforms, which generate great pressure on demand of housing. Generally, China's rental market can be segmented into three kinds: government provided credit houses; commercial residential building in the three level market; and renting houses in โvillagesโ (Hang and Iseman, 2009). However, the social housing for low-income households provided by government are excluded them because of the โHukouโ system, which is the household registration system to different urban and rural population. During the city transformation in China, the government ignored the two weakest groups: villagers who do not have lands and workers from village. It is undeniable that urban villages provide a positive environment for slowing down the unemployment problems of the villagers and the housing problems of the latter (Hao, 2012).
Meanwhile, due to the weak government jurisdiction in urban villages, landlords find out this is a new way to substantially maximize income by providing low-rent accommodation to rural migrants. In the process of farmland requisition, the state does not provide the landlords any employment opportunities after they losing their basis of livelihood, which causes them to have no competitive power in the labour market in the city. The huge profits from house renting business enable them to gain considerable revenue and make a new livelihood. In addiction, some of urban vi.
1. Introduction to the Topica. What is outsourcingi. Ty.docxambersalomon88660
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1. Introduction to the Topic
a. What is outsourcing?
i. Types of outsourcing.
ii. Will companies ever stop outsourcing?
b. Economic impacts of outsourcing.
i. Myths about outsourcing and job impact.
ii. What are the risks of outsourcing?
2. Background/Literature Review on Topic
a. Why do companies outsource
The economic argument for outsourcing
.
1. Introduction 1. Technology and communication 1. Technology .docxambersalomon88660
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1. Introduction
1. Technology and communication
1. Technology is changing everything that people used to do in the past
1. Communication can be done to people who are at far distance and technology has changed the lifestyle of the people (Drago, 2015).
1. People are rarely using face to face communication as most of them prefer using social networking sites.
1. Face to face communication enable one to express emotions either through facial expression or tone of the voice.
1. Thesis statement: To discuss reasons as to why face to face communication is better as compared to virtual communication.
1. Body section
1. Benefits of face to face communication
1. When people communicate face to face, it creates a motivation as there is exchange of the words as people are together.
1. It also enables one to see sense on what the other person is thinking about (Carlson, 2017).
1. Face to face communication is crucial in strengthening the bond whether for partnership, friendship and relationship in the workplace.
1. Face to face communication enable an individual to express emotions through either tone of the voice or using facial expression.
1. Disadvantages of virtual communication
1. Technical problems because virtual communication depends on the internet, software and machine and sometimes they have malfunction.
1. Some of the Apps which are used in virtual communication need skills for them to be operated.
1. Virtual communication cannot effectively solve problems which can be addressed by face to face communication (Marlow, Lacerenza & Salas, 2017).
1. Conclusion
1. Face to face communication enables people to express their emotions and motivates people.
1. It also strengthens bond between relationship and partnership.
1. Virtual communication depend on the use of garget and sometimes they fail.
.
1. In your definition of a well-run company, how important a.docxambersalomon88660
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1. In your definition of a "well-run" company, how important are the following?
a.) Provides excellent customer service
Very important
b.) Has efficient and flexible operations
Very important
c.) Offers high financial return to shareholders
Somewhat important
d.) Attracts and retains exceptional people
Very important
e.) Creates products or services that benefit society
Very important
f.) Adheres to a strong mission
Very important
g.) Invests in employee training and professional development
Very important
h.) Operates according to its values and a strong code of ethics
Very important
i.) Is a stable employer
Very important
j.) Provides competitive compensation
Very important
k.) Adheres to progressive environmental policies
Very important
l.) Produces high-quality products and services
Very important
2. Would you add something to the above list that you think is โvery importantโ? If so, what?
cares about the relationship between employees and management
3. Which of the following issues pose the greatest challenges for todayโs CEOs and senior executives?
Breakdown in trust between employees and management, Economic downturn, Lack of public trust in business
4. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
a.) Business people are more likely to care about the social responsibilities of companies when the economy is strong.
Strongly agree
b.) When a multi-national company is entering a new market in a less-developed country, it? has a responsibility to go above and
beyond business success and contribute to the development of the local community.
Somewhat agree
c.) When it comes to the environment, all a company has to do is to comply with the law.
Strongly agree
d.) Companies should maintain their employeesโ job security even if they incur a short-term drop in profit as a result.
Strongly agree
e.) Most companies accurately report their earnings and profits.
Somewhat agree
f.) Corporate reputation is important to me in making my decision about the organization where I want to work.
Strongly agree
g.) Managers place too much emphasis on short-term performance measures when making business decisions.
Strongly agree
h.) I anticipate that my own values will sometimes conflict with what I am asked to do in business.
Somewhat disagree
5. If you answered the prior statement โ4hโ with โsomewhat agreeโ or โstrongly agree,โ please specify which kinds of values
conflicts you expect to face:
Some possible issues to consider:
n/a
6. Assume you are engaged in each of the following business activities/practices. How likely do you think it is that values conflicts
would arise?
a.) Managing personnel in manufacturing facilities/ plants
Very likely
b.) Outsourcing production operations
Somewhat likely
c.) Investing in less-developed countries
Very likely
d.) Downsizing
Very likely
e.) Financial reporting
Somewhat likely
f.) Natural resource exploration
Somewhat likely
g..
1. In Chapter four titled Academy Training you learned about academi.docxambersalomon88660
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1. In Chapter four titled Academy Training you learned about academies and the different approaches they take in training police recruits. ย In Washington D.C., the Metropolitan Police Department teaches its recruitsย about Behavioral Science. ย Question: ย How important is this lesson, especially in todays environment which pits community versus the police? ย Be specific when answering the question and give examples. at least be 8 sentences.
2. based on the reading authored by critical race scholarย Alana Lentin, please explain the problem with replacing race with multiculturalism in debates on human differences/minority groups. And how, do you think, does multiculturalism tie in with racism in the United States?For those of you who want to further improve their understanding of the term multiculturalism beyond this weekโs assigned reading, I suggest you skim through the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on multiculturalism. must be at least 8 sentences. ( articles will be provided)
3. Frank Serpico was a plain clothes NYPD officer who decided not to take part in the embedded corruption that was embedded in the NYPD.When bosses wouldn't listen, he and another cop, Sgt. David Durk, found their way to the New York Times.For Friday write 400 words on who Serpico is/was, mention the history of corruption and the impact. What is the current impact (if any).And, as this a class on the Media and Police, make reference to the significance the NY Times played (as well as the impact of the best selling book and blockbuster film). Police bosses know about such corruption for years (as did elected officials). How did the media - in this case the NY Times force a change in decades long practices?Cite information. Not your own opinion.
.
1. In 200 words, describe how Hamlet promotes andor subverts th.docxambersalomon88660
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1. In 200 words, describe how Hamlet promotes and/or subverts the power of satirical imitation to reflect and/or reform authority.
2. In 300 words, compare and contrast how three albums that we have discussed in class promote and/or subvert the power of recording artists to satirically reform both the music industry and popular culture.ย (The Who Sell Out by The Who, Milo Goes To College by the Descendants, The Beatles(โWhite Albumโ) by the Beatles, Little Dark Age by MGMT)
Part I: Health Care Finance
Overview
CHAPTER 2: FOUR THINGS THE HEALTH
CARE MANAGER NEEDS TO KNOW
ABOUT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
Four Segments that Make a Financial
Management System Work
โข Original Records โ Provide evidence that
some event has occurred.
โข The Information System โ Gathers this
evidence.
โข The Accounting System โ Records the
evidence.
โข The Reporting System โ Produces reports of
the effects.
Four Segments That Make a Financial
System Work
โข The healthcare manager needs to know that
these separate elements exist and that they
work together for an end result.
Structure of the Information System
โข Identify the inputs
โข Identify the outputs
โข Examine the Figure 2-1 diagram in the chapter
Function of Flow Sheets
โข Flow sheets illustrate the flow of activities that
capture information.
Flow Sheets are Useful Because
โข They picture who is responsible for what piece
of information as it enters the system
โข Examine the two examples of patient
information flows in the chapter
Figure 2-2: Flowsheets
Figure 2-3: Flowsheets
The Chart of Accounts
โข Outlines the elements of your company in an
organized manner.
โข Maps out account titles with a method of
numeric coding.
โข Is designed to compile financial data in an
uniform manner that can be decoded by the
user.
The Chart of Accounts
โข Every organization has differences in its Chart
of Accounts that expresses the unique
differences in its own organizational structure.
โข Examine the three examples of different Chart
of Accounts formats in Exhibits 2-1, 2-2 and 2-
3.
Exhibit 2โ1 Chart of Accounts, Format I
Exhibit 2โ2 Chart of Accounts, Format II
Exhibit 2โ3 Chart of Accounts, Format III
Basic System Elements: Books and
Records
โข Capture transactions
โข Figures 2-4 and 2-5 illustrate this concept.
Books and Records: The Sequence Isโฆ
โข Initial transaction to subsidiary journal to
general ledger;
โข Review, adjust, balance through the trial
balance;
โข Create reports (financial statements)
The Annual Management Cycle
โข Affects the type and status of information the
manager uses
The Annual Management Cycle
โข The type and status of information used by the
manager includes:
โข Daily and Weekly Reports โ Generally contain
raw data
โข Quarterly Reports and Statistics โ Generally
have been verified, adjusted and balanced. Called
โinterimโ reports; often used as milestones by
managers.
โข Annual Year End Reports โ Generally.
1. Image 1 courtesy of httpswww.virginiahospitalcenter.com.docxambersalomon88660
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1.
Image 1 courtesy of: https://www.virginiahospitalcenter.com/
2.
Image 2 courtesy of: Police magazine October 2013 Issue
3.
Image 3 courtesy of: Forbes magazine April 9, 2012 Issue
4.
Image 4 courtesy of: National Geographic magazine June/July 2015 Issue
In aย 2 page APA formatted paper with an additional reference pageย (template here), analyze the strategic use of sensory visuals:
1. Analyze the use of color; address how it attracts the eye of the targeted audience. How might the targeted audience interpret the color and emotionally respond?
2. Analyze the use of lines; address how it directs the eyes of the viewers. Which types of lines are used? How might the targeted audience interpret the line usage and emotionally respond?
3. Analyze the use of contrast and balance; address how it attracts the eye of the targeted audience. How might the targeted audience emotionally respond to the visual balance and contrast? What if the contrast and balance elements were not there or were different? How would that change the viewer response?
Support the items above by including relevant quotes and paraphrases from academic/scholarly sources.
Be sure to clearly address how these four visual sensory elements attract the eyes of a specific target audience more readily than other audiences. For a thorough analysis, always consider the effect on viewers if these four visuals were used differently or not used at all.
.
1. If I were to create an SEL program, I would focus on self-awar.docxambersalomon88660
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1. If I were to create an SEL program, I would focus on: self-awareness, relationship skills and decision-making. I would focus on these skills and values because they are integral in developing emotional intelligence. Self-awareness could be instilled through different activities where a person takes different tests and conducts activities to learn more about their own emotions. By understanding and managing their emotions, they can be more aware to how they act. Additionally, relationship skills can be built through participating in different group activities in which they must work together to solve a problem. These group activities will also integrate decision-making, where participants will learn how to respectfully voice opinions and listen to those of others. At the end of the program, there will be a final group activity which integrates the three core skills, and one must display self-awareness, relationship skills and decision-making to complete the activity.
2. This program would be helpful in teaching factors of emotional intelligence, but it would not teach every important aspect. The first strength of this program would be that it teaches self-awareness before relationship skills, because knowing how to manage and process self-emotions is extremely important when working in a team. Additionally, a strength would be that it is an activity-based program, which will keep kids entertained and learning at the same time. The limitation of this program is that it cannot teach everything about social emotional learning such as social awareness or stress management, however it will be a good start in SEL.
1. The three skills that I would focus on if I were to create an SEL program would be Self-Management, Social Awareness, Responsible Decision Making. These skills are the most essential because self-management is pretty much controlled self-awareness, social awareness is critical to being successful with the other skills, and responsible decision making is critical to any sort of personal and relationship success. I plan on instilling these skills by integrating different forms of activities and exams to ensure that these skills are achieved for their intended purposes. For social awareness I would place people into groups who all have different activities and emotions going on and then quiz them in the end. Self-management can be instilled by keeping tallies of individual outbursts when one gets upset and even putting them in upsetting situations and seeing how the handle them. Additionally, responsible decision making can be more activity and an exam where different situations happen and individuals are rated on how they react to them.ย
2. The strengths of my program are that they are extremely interactive and also give numerical results. With the combination of interactive activities with other people, real life testing scenarios, and exams it is easy to see the results of individuals to see where they are both st.
1. Identify and discuss the factors that contribute to heritage cons.docxambersalomon88660
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1. Identify and discuss the factors that contribute to heritage consistency in your culture (African American) or religion: (ex. religion, beliefs and practices, values and norms)2. Describe traditional aspects of healthcare within your culture or religion3. Address the demographics of your culture or religion in the United States4. Describe barriers to obtaining healthcare that affect your culture or religion.5. Describe how your cultureโs or religionโs ย beliefs and norms might impact communication with a healthcare provider
Paper should
be in your own words
, typed in 12 point font, double spaced, 1 inch margins, between two to three pages in length.
Do not
copy and paste from the internet as this is plagiarism and you will receive a zero for the assignment. You may use one or two quotes from sources as long as the source is given credit. Cite your sources for the paper.
I am an African American Female.
.
1. I think that the top three management positions in a health pla.docxambersalomon88660
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1. I think that the top three management positions in a health plan are Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Hospital Administrator and Chief of Nurses. The reason they rank over the rest is because their positions are compelling and crucial in the healthcare. ย The CEO position is the person who is responsible of management, organizing operations, planning, budgeting, negotiating contracts, studying financial reports. They are the ones in charge of the entire organization and it is imperative that they ensure that everything runs professionally and effectively. Then the Hospital Administrator position is the person responsible of making sure they are working promptly and effectively to generate and manage the budget, quality assurance policies and the hiring of physicians. Their job is also to be responsible in making sure they are up to date with all government regulations and law compliance and by not doing so it can cost them their job and cause fines to their organization. Last is the Chief of Nursing position is the person who is responsible of the overseeing of the nursing staff, they see the departmentโs budget, they must report to high level staff-members like the CEO, they maintain a high standard of care, review patientsโ data and medical records to professionally relate and interact with physicians, patients and family members. You can tell by reading the responsibilities of these positions you realize how essential they are to the health plan and how every responsibility is meticulous to each position. ย Even though I picked these 3 as the top management position I still feel that all positions hold an important part in the health plan.
2. Healthcare industry offers many different opportunities in its field, working in this industry you have many choices where to choose from like for instance become a secretary to being an analyst or end up being a doctor. There is room to explore different careers and work closely with a variety of professionals. In this growing market the top three careers that would be more in demand would be Nurses, Physicians and Physical Therapists. There is a vast list of opportunities in health care that if you work with effort you will. As we all know nurses are every where and at all times even if the doctor's are not present. They make home visits to check on patient's health and keeping track of their health. Going through nursing is not a piece of cake there is a lot to be learn physically, emotionally and mentally. Becoming a physician is becoming less popular since there are so many other choices out there people see that becoming a physician is a lot of hassle and instead become something else. This career choice will be need in the next few years. Physical Therapy is my third option, with all this baby boomer community the demand for doctor's specially therapist will increase for at least 20% in the next few years. This generation of elderly community is more aware of their health and will seek more tre.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
ย
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
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(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the bodyโs response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
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The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
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In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Juneteenth Freedom Day 2024 David Douglas School District
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World Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3. No. 4. July 2013 .docx
1. World Journal of Social Sciences
Vol. 3. No. 4. July 2013 Issue. Pp. 131 โ 143
Relationship between the Zeigarnik Effect and Consumer
Attention in Advertisement
Abeer Hammadi* and Faisal K. Qureishi**
Advertisers are constantly looking for new ways and tactics to
get consumer
attention making sure that their brand is one that the consumer
remembers
when he/she goes shopping. One of the techniques used in
advertising is the
Zeigarnik effect coined after a research made by a Russian
psychologist Dr.
Bluma Zeigarnik in 1927,which states that the human brain
remembers
interrupted tasks better. The rationale of this study is to see the
association
between Zeigarnik effect and consumer attention in ads. An
inventory of ads
was shown to 204 respondents to check if the relationship
exists. The
respondents included both males and females of different age
groups and
education levels. Data was collected on the basis of restricted
non-probability
2. sampling. To check that if there was a relationship between the
Zeigarnik
effect and consumer attention Paired Sample T-test was used.
Study showed
positive results which was then tested against different
demographics.
Implications for future research are discussed.
Keywords: Zeigarnik Effect, consumer attention,
advertisements, marketing
JEL Codes: M30, M37 and M39
1. Introduction
Advertisers are constantly on an urge to learn how the black box
works, how it responds
to the given stimuli and how does that response effects the
decision making process.
The human mind will not build a memory unless something is
noteworthy something
that would not only grab the attention but also enables to recall
the same when the need
arises. Advertisers stress to create that something significant
that would grab the
customer's attention and create a memory of the message send
and would later result
in recall. Plessis (2005) elucidates that an advertisements job is
to be remembered so
that it is able to influence the customers purchase decision.
Advertisers constantly try new ideas and tactics in order to sell
their product and make it
stand out from the rest. There is a long list of marketing
3. gimmicks that can be used to
gain a competitive edge. โZeigarnik Effectโ is one of them
coined after a research made
by a Russian psychologist Dr. Bluma Zeigarnik.
____________________________________________
*Abeer Hammadi, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan, Email:
[email protected], Cell: 921- 345-
2104285
**Faisal Kadeer Quresih, Director, Asian Institute of Fashion
Designing, Email:
[email protected];[email protected], Cell: 921-322-2160526 &
921-315-2120201
http://changingminds.org/explanations/memory/zeigarnik_effect
.htm
http://changingminds.org/explanations/memory/zeigarnik_effect
.htm
http://changingminds.org/explanations/memory/zeigarnik_effect
.htm
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
Hammadi & Quresih
132
The research aims to see the relationship between the Zeigarnik
4. Effect and the
consumer attention in advertisements. While most other theories
like the Von Restorff
Effect, the theory of incremental effects, and the
psychodynamic perspective - have
been discussed extensively by earlier researchers; relatively
little attention has
apparently been paid to the Zeigarnik Effect in advertising.
The paper is structured as follows. Section 1 is the introduction.
Section 2 presents a
literature review of different marketing tactics used in
advertisements and how a
consumer responds to a certain stimuli resulting in recall and
recognition. Section 3
presents the conceptual framework of this study, methods used
for data collection and
the statistical tests involved. The analysis of the results is
presented in section 4.
Section 5 presents the limitation, managerial implication,
discussions, some conclusions
along with what we would like to include in our future research.
Zeigarnik Effect
Zeigarnik Effectโ is coined after a research made by a Russian
psychologist Dr. Bluma
Zeigarnik. Zeigarnik Effect explains that people tend to
remember unfinished tasks
better than finished tasks. When a job is left incomplete it
creates a sort of tension and
irritation which begs for closure, thus, making it hard for human
beings to forget.
Zeigarnik effect triggers suspense; a feeling of doubt and
nervousness about the result
of certain events which keeps the audience glued to a certain
5. situation begging for
closure, thus, making it hard for human beings to forget.
Consumer Retention
Consumer Retention refers to consumerโs memory; when hit
with a series of stimuli
what are the things heโs able to retain. Consumers are
bombarded with different
commercials everyday of their lives; advertisers strive to create
ads to grab consumer
attention. Create ads that a consumer is able to retain and recall
the same when he
goes to make purchases.
Advertisements
Advertising is a form of a communication technique used to
encourage or persuade the
audience which can fall in the category of viewers, readers or
listeners to carry on with
the same good or service or take some new action. Usually, the
preferred outcome is to
drive consumersโ actions with relevance to the commercial
offering. Advertising is done
trough a wide array of medium; print ads, television
commercials, advertisements on the
radio, outdoor advertising etc.
2. Literature Review
If advertising is to be effective, its impact should continue over
time. It is not adequate
that an advertisement have an effect on a particular moment;
rather, it should continue
6. to exert its effect throughout the decision-making process.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuade
Hammadi & Quresih
133
Advertisers strive to create ads which would grasp maximum
consumer attention.
Plessis (2005) explains that an advertisements job is to be
remembered so that it is able
to influence the customers purchase decision. Consumers are
bombarded with different
commercials everyday of their lives; the real challenge is not
only to produce an ad that
would get their attention but to create an ad that the consumer is
able retain and recall.
The way the human mind receives processes and recalls
information is necessary to
know if advertising is to be efficiently developed and created to
extract the highest
possible effect. There are numerous definitions of "advertising
impact"; (Heimbach &
Jacoby 1972) pinpointed that it falls under three groups:
recognition,
recall, awareness
about the product)
preference, passion)
7. The text on advertising has included studies from both
marketers and clientsโ
viewpoints. For instance, from an advertiserโs point of view,
each advertisement also
has a brand structuring purpose as it has a number of traits
(e.g., a sign/logo or product
name) that add to brand awareness. And from a buyerโs point of
view, a commercial
may not stimulate further action if it is not professed to be
related to their existing wants,
but exclusive traits of the commercial may result in building up
the brand.
According to (Wang, Zhang, Choi, & D'Eredita 2002) brand
awareness may rise without
necessarily being related to a positive brand attitude. In contrast
to that, a consumer
may need to find ways to fulfill their needs. In that case ads
help in directing the
consumers. That is, the ad acts as a stimuli and directs human
behavior.
Mackenzie (1986) demonstrated certain attributes and elements
in advertisements
which would draw consumer attention. Two experiments were
designed to test the
hypothesis; the first experiment maneuvered the amount of
attention given to a certain
attribute in an advertisement and the results indicated the
importance of that particular
attribute. The second one focused on the relevance of the ad
content and the number of
times an ad is repeated. The results indicated that attention had
8. a mediating effect on
the relevance and the correctness of the ad on attribute
importance.
Creative complexity and artistic appearance continue to be a
standard in contemporary
print advertising, advertisers use different tactics to take hold of
consumer attention.
Creativity is questionably a very important constituent of
advertising. A study by (Till &
Baack 2005) highlighted the effectiveness of creativity on
advertisements together with
recall and persuasion; their study tested the hypothesis of
creative advertisements and
their effects on aided and unaided recall. Aided recall had lower
mean as they were less
cognitively challenging the unaided recall. Therefore impact of
creative advertisements
was reduced with aided recalls. As it had an element of novelty
and suspense which the
audience was unable to detach from keeping them glued to the
situation and resulting in
recall and recognition. Hence; the results of their study
suggested that creative
advertisements greatly facilitate unaided recalls. Advertisers
make use of images,
Hammadi & Quresih
134
words, fonts, colors, slogan etc to get hold of consumersโ
9. attention. Print ads consists of
three main elements the brand the text and the picture
advertisers play around with
them to create something new and unique to stand out from the
rest so that the
consumer would recognize the brand and retain the same.
Research has shown that
(Pieters & Wedel 2006) the brand, graphic, and content
elements of print
advertisements have considerable effects on attention capture
and transfer that are on
par with common ideas in advertising practice and literature.
In accordance with this (Pieters, Warlop, & Wedel 2002)
focuses on advertisement
originality and familiarity ads which lacks originality does not
get much of consumer
attention; in support to their hypothesis original ads drew more
consumer attention and
thus resulting in brand memory. Advertisements which are
novel and unique grabs
substantial amount of consumer attention than normal ads.
According to (Nye, Roth, &
Shimp2008) brands which are already familiar to the consumers
are viewed less
interesting than ads for new and fresh brands. Information
inequalities would lead to
different processing objectives for customers exposed to ads
funded by well-known
brands compared to new brands. It was further also mentioned
by (Nye, Roth, &
Shimp2008) in their research paper that those ads for unknown
brands; which would
appear more attractive and interesting, are likely to bring out
broader processing.
Advertisers and marketers make use of different tactics to
10. clutch consumer attention.
When the consumer sees something eye catching and interesting
it automatically gets
viewerโs attention (Bagozzi & Silk 1983) has shown in their
research that recall and
recognition is only a small section of memory, which is
multidimensional, but when
concentration in the commercial was held continuous,
nevertheless, recall and
recognition did quantify memory as a uni-dimensional
construct. Stating the fact; that an
ad which contains an element of interest gets consumerโs
attention and also results in
brand recall and recognition.
Astounding stimuli draws consumerโs attention, promotes
further information
processing, and are effortlessly retained in memory. As ads
must be remembered to
affect a behavior, it trails that ads should contain messages that
would have an element
of suspense in it to grasp the consumersโ attention and in future
would result in brand
recall and purchase.
Research by (Leigh, Zinkhan, & Swaminathan 2006) focused on
the cognitive aspects
of print ads and their relationship with recall and recognition.
They defined โrecallโ as a
reproduction of an item experienced earlier , where as
โrecognitionโ is the awareness
that the certain stimuli has been witnessed earlier. Their study
highlighted different
cognitive aspects of print ads which are as follows:
11. that an ad is
considered meaningful and conveys a clear and convincing
message.
duration a
consumer gives to an ad longer exposure indicates better recall.
Hammadi & Quresih
135
n: This aspect mirrors the extent to
which the ad is
delivered; fresh idea, entertaining, elements of empathy etc. if
an ad is properly
executed it gets greater attention to those ads which are not.
r aspect
which focuses on
the predictability of the ad content, instead of using clichรฉ
copyrights which are
easily predictable advertisers should make use of novel and new
elements which
would hold the attention of the consumer throughout the ad For
example, ads
containing the Zeigarnik effect.
All these aspects are important for an advertiser to know before
12. developing an ad
Actions or facts that the consumer pays attention reluctantly are
termed as interruptions.
Two main effects of interruptions have been highlited by (Xia &
Sudharshan 2002) (a) a
raise in physiological activity, such as stimulation, and (b) a re-
evaluation of the current
object, which may lead to its revision or modification. Their
study explored how
consumers respond to interruptions and the influence of
interruptions on decision
making and satisfaction. Results of their study showed the when
interpretations are
used correctly they can be an effective tool for marketers to
draw consumersโ attention.
On the other hand, the characteristics of interruptions play an
important role, like
differences of consumers, their goals and objectives.
Similar study by Liu (2008) she stated that human brains
information processing
changes after an interruption. It is projected that an interruption
can direct to changes in
preferences by altering the manner of information processing in
decision making;
Conventionally, consumer ambiguity in promotional claims has
been regarded as a
negative response factor. A research carried out by (Smith &
Swinyard 1988) has
shown that uncertainty is created due to many advertising
claims. However, this is not
all bad as this uncertainty tied up with product knowledge and
interest can produce
product related curiosity.
In their study, consumers were exposed to advertising generated
13. curiosity statements.
Inducing customer inquisitiveness can have two positive effects.
First, it can alter the
customer from an inert information processor to an energetic
seeker of product
information. Second, for inexpensive good categories,
inquisitiveness can easily be
reduced by test purchase; curiosity can successfully produce
purchase decisions,
generating immediate sales for the advertisers in the
marketplace.
โCuriosityโ defined as an emotion that represents an urge to
know new things, curiosity
is a key force behind new researches and developments in
various sciences. Being
curious is an in build element n human nature it is common at
all ages from infancy to
adulthood and it can also be observed in other animal species as
well.
According to (Menon & Soman 2002) curiosity is been referred
to as aโ knowledge gapโ;
the difference between two quantities: what a person knows and
what he or she would
like to know. Aโ knowledge gapโ is interpreted as what a
person knows and what he or
she wants to know. Curiosity occurs when people are aware of
the knowledge gap in a
certain field or when they come across an uncertain or
ambiguous stimulus. A situation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal
Hammadi & Quresih
14. 136
like this magnifies consumersโ knowledge paucity; awareness of
this lack creates
anxiety and an uneasy feeling which gives rise to craving for
that certain knowledge so
the spotted gap can be filled.
Advertisers create uncertainty/ curiosity to attract consumers to
buy their products.
Zeigarnik Effect (1927) is one of the several marketing tactics
that is used to grab
consumer attention and is also the basis of this research paper;
coined after a research
made by a Russian psychologist Dr. Bluma Zeigarnik now
named after her. Zeigarnik
effect states that people tend to memorize incomplete tasks
better the complete tasks.
The question โWhat will happen next?โ keeps them glued to the
situation creating a sort
of tension which begs for closure, thus, making it hard for
human beings to forget.
Listening or seening an incomplete or interrupted stimulus
develops to see the rest of it.
The resulting anxiety leads to improvement in memory for that
part of the message
which has already been seen.
According to (Schiffman & Greist-Bousquet 1992), an
incomplete task, one in which the
goal has not yet been achieved, does not present closure. With
reference to this belief,
the lack of knowledge about the conclusion promotes thinking
15. and reasoning together
with certain traces from the memory results in retention.
Their experiment took in to consideration the time duration and
its effects on consumer
retention. The quantity of information stored affects time
perception; the experiment was
conducted to investigate the role of task interruption on
retention and recall it was more
like a tailored version of the Zeigarnik effect on perceived
duration. The results of the
experiment supported the assumption that the disruption of a
task has an outgoing
effect on its perceived duration. More particularly, these results
revealed that
interruption between a task stretches the perceived duration of
the chunk of task which
is completed, as compared to the similar task when it is offered
alone and completed.
An empirical study done by (Madrigal & Bee 2005) have
highlighted that people have a
positive attitude towards suspenseful commercials than non
suspenseful commercials.
The suspense element in ads gets the attention of the audience
and later results in
brand recall.
A reference is being made to the state of current knowledge
Hewett (1975) discusses
that human curiosity has been acknowledged as one of the vital
basic research areas of
the future for buyer behavior. The study defines that curiosity
creates a moment of
discomfort due to incomplete information which leads to
exploration. The results
16. showed that the โcuriosity factorโ was significant amongst the
respondents.
(Heimbach & Jacoby 1972) have shown in their research that
people with high need for
achievement will manifest strong Zeigarnik effect than those
with low need for
achievement.
Hammadi & Quresih
137
3. The Methodology and Model
3.1 Method of Data Collection
An inventory of 20 ads were shown to 204 respondents, the
collection consisted of 10
ads which had the Zeigarnik effect and 10 filler ads. The slide
show was timed for about
3- 4 seconds per ad after the ads were shown to the respondents
they were requested
to fill in a questionnaire pointing out the number of ads they
remembered from the ads
shown.
3.2 Sampling Technique
The Sampling Technique used was Restricted non-probability
17. Sampling; the data was
mainly collected from universities and high schools to get
responses from different age
groups. As this is a convenience based sampling method, very
popular in academic
research, the specific sample size rests arbitrarily with the
researcher.
3.3 Instrument of Data Collection
The was collected with the aid of a questionnaire and a slide
show which consisted of
20 ads out of which 10 ads had the Zeigarnik effect and
remaining 10 were normal ads.
Figure 1: Theoretical Framework.
3.4 Sampling Framework
The sampling framework has been developed based on the
empirical observation and
cognition of the researchers.
3.5 Statistical Technique
The statistical techniques varied for all the three hypotheses.
For the first hypothesis
Paired Sample T-test was used to check that if there was a
18. relationship between the
Zeigarnik effect and consumer attention. Means of both
Zeigarnik and normal ads were
compared to see if there is difference between the two variables.
Consumer Attention
and Advertisement
Recall
Advertisements
Containing the
โZeigarnik Effectโ
Consumer
Demographics
Hammadi & Quresih
138
For the next hypothesis the Independent Samples T-test was
used to evaluate the
mean scores of the two groups on a given variable (Male and
Female).
And for the third hypothesis Linear Regression was applied
since the variables (age)
19. were scale.
4. Results
4.1 Findings and Interpretation of the Results
Results showed that people tend to remember incomplete ads
better than complete one
in this case ads containing the Zeigarnik effect.
H1: There is a significant relationship between ads containing
the Zeigarnik effect and
Consumer attention.
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Pair 1 Zeigarnik Ads 3.3137 204 1.87270 .13112
Normal Ads 2.9755 204 1.58017 .11063
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
t df
Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Std.
20. Deviation
Std.
Error
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
Pair
1
Zeigarnik
Ads โ
Normal Ads
.33824 2.01186 .14086 .06050 .61597 2.401 203 .017
After Appling the Paired sample T โ test the results indicated
that the mean of ads
containing the Zeigarnik effect was higher than that of normal
ads. And the p-value of
0.017 being lower than significance level of 0.05 indicates that
the null hypothesis is
accepted and yes; there is a relationship between ads containing
the Zeigarnik effect
and Consumer attention.
H2: The relationship between Zeigarnik effect and consumer
attention is independent of
21. gender.
Hammadi & Quresih
139
Group Statistics
Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Zeigarnik_Ads Female 63 3.8413 1.95272 .24602
Male 141 3.0780 1.79313 .15101
To test the second hypothesis Independent sample t-test was
applied; the results
indicated that out of the sample of 204, there were 141 male and
63 females.
The results further showed that the mean of females were higher
than males, signifying
that females have higher retention and recall capacity than that
of males. And the p-
value of 0.007 being lower than significance level of 0.05
indicates that the hypothesis is
rejected, and relationship between Zeigarnik effect and
consumer attention is
dependent of gender.
22. Independent Samples Test
Levene's
Test for
Equality
of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F
Sig
.
t df
Sig.
(2-
tailed
)
Mean
Differenc
e
Std.
Error
Differenc
e
25. H3: The relationship between Zeigarnik effect and consumer
attention is independent of
age.
Results have indicated that the variable age has no impact on
consumer attention.
Variable Entered / Removed
b
Model
Variable
Entered
Variable
Removed
Method
1 Age
a
- Enter
a. All requested variables entered.
b. Dependent variable: Zeigarnik_Ads
Model Summary
Model R R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
26. the Estimate
1 .093a .009 .004 1.86927
a. Predictors (Constant), Age.
The model summary table reports the strength of the
relationship between the model
and the dependent variable, the value of R is 0.093 indicates
that there is a very weak
relationship between the Zeigarnik effect and the respondentsโ
age.
ANOVA
Zeigarnik_Ads
Sum of
Squares
df
Mean
Square
F Sig.
Between
Groups
115.371 18 6.410 1.988 .012
Within
27. Groups
596.550 185 3.225
Total 711.922 203
The p-value of 0.188 being greater than significance level of
0.05 indicating that the
hypothesis is accepted, the relationship between Zeigarnik
effect and consumer
attention is independent of age. Age has no impact on consumer
attention.
Hammadi & Quresih
141
Coefficients
a
Model
28. Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients t. Sig
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 4.315 .769 5.611 .000
Age -.043 .032 -.093 -1.321 .188
a. Dependent variable: Zeigarnik_Ads
Hypotheses Assessment Summary
Hypotheses Significant Value Empirical Conclusion
There is a significant
relationship between ads
containing the Zeigarnik
effect and Consumer
attention
0.017
The hypothesis is
accepted since the p-
value is lower than the
significance level of 0.05.
The relationship between
Zeigarnik effect and
consumer attention is
29. independent of gender.
0.007
The hypothesis is
rejected since the p-
value is lower than the
significance level of 0.05.
The relationship between
Zeigarnik effect and
consumer attention is
independent of age.
0.188
The hypothesis is
accepted since the p-
value is greater than the
significance level of 0.05.
5. Conclusion
The aim of advertisers is not to create an ad that would only
attract the consumer but
influence the customers purchase decision. Consumers are
bombarded with different
commercials everyday of their lives; the real challenge is not
only to produce an ad that
would get their attention but to create an ad that the consumer is
able retain and recall.
Out of the numerous tactics used by advertisers we selected the
30. Zeigarnik effect for our
study. And the results indicated a strong relationship between
the Zeigarnik effect and
consumer attention.
5.1 Discussions
The results indicated that there is a positive correlation among
the ads containing the
Zeigarnik effect and Consumer attention. Consumers tend to pay
attention to things that
appear novel, in this case ads with the Zeigarnik effect.
Zeigarnik effect states that
people tend to remember incomplete tasks better than completed
tasks. The aspect of
curiosity keeps the viewer glued to the situation. From the
inventory of ads shown to the
respondents, they were able to remember ads with the Zeigarnik
effect better than
normal ads. Furthermore, our second hypothesis revealed that
females have a better
Hammadi & Quresih
142
memory span; they have higher retention and recall capacity
over males. Hence,
signifying the fact that gender has an impact on the Zeigarnik
effect and consumer
attention.
31. The third hypothesis of our study tested the impact of age on
Zeigarnik effect and
consumer attention. And the results signified that Age did not
have impact on consumer
attention.
5.2 Implications
This research will be beneficial to both, academics studying the
disciplines of marketing
and advertising, as well as practitioners: marketers and
advertisers, to develop an
understanding on how to apply the Ziegarnik effect in their
marketing communication,
and learn how to reap the maximum advantage out of it in terms
of enhancing consumer
involvement, attention and retention.
5.3 Future Research
In the current research, we took only two demographic variables
to test the consumer
attention in the Zeigarnik effect. In future we wish to test the
effect against other
demographics as well e.g. income, level of education etc.
Secondly we also wish to see
consumer attention toward video ads as well the current work is
based on print ads
only.
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