The document discusses how the Enlightenment spread new ideas through gatherings in Paris to discuss philosophy and Diderot's Encyclopedia. It also led to new artistic styles like Neoclassical architecture and music from composers like Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. Writers produced new genres like the novel. The Enlightenment also influenced monarchs who sought to strengthen their countries and rule more effectively through reforms based on Enlightenment ideals, such as Frederick the Great of Prussia.