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1. When you arise in the morning, think of
what a precious privilege it is to be alive, to
breathe, to think, to enjoy, to love.
GOOD MORNING !!

3. o Introduction to the World Environment Day, 2021 and
its Theme
o What is an Ecosystem and what are the Different Types
of Ecosystems
o What is Ecosystem Restoration
o The Importance of the Different Types of Ecosystems
o The rates of Destruction and Consequences of Ecosystem
loss
o Solutions to restore the Different Types of Ecosystems
which have been Degraded
Today we will be TALKING about:

4. World Environment Day is celebrated
across the world on June 5.
WED(WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY)
was established in 1974 as a platform for
increasing awareness about
environmental issues such as marine
pollution, human overpopulation, global
warming, sustainable consumption, and
wildlife crime.

5. Theme For World Environment Day
The theme for 2021 World
Environment Day is Ecosystem
Restoration. Pakistan will play a
global host of World Environment
Day. The event will see the launch
of the UN Decade on Ecosystem
Restoration.

6. ECOSYSTEM
 It is a community or group of living organisms that live in
and interact with each other in a specific environment
 An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals, and
other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work
together to form a bubble of life.
 Ecosystems contain biotic or living, parts, as well as abiotic
factors, or non-living parts.
 Ecosystems can be very large or very small.
 An ecosystem can be as small as an oasis in a desert, or as big
as an ocean, spanning thousands of miles. There are two
types of ecosystem:
o Terrestrial Ecosystem
o Aquatic Ecosystem

7.  A terrestrial ecosystem is a land-based community of
organisms and the interactions of biotic and abiotic
components in a given area. Examples of terrestrial
ecosystems include the tundra, taigas, temperate
deciduous forests, tropical rainforests, grasslands,
and deserts.
 An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem in a body of
water. Communities of organisms that are dependent
on each other and on their environment live in
aquatic ecosystems. The two main types of aquatic
ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater
ecosystems.

8. ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION

10. TYPES
OF
ECOSYSTEMS

11.  The importance of forests cannot be
underestimated. We depend on forests for
our survival, from the air we breathe to
the wood we use.
 Besides providing habitats for animals
and livelihoods for humans, forests also
offer watershed protection, prevent soil
erosion and mitigate climate change.
 There are a lot of fascinating forests out
there, but their use extends far beyond
the aesthetic.
 Forests take in the carbon dioxide that we
breathe out and, in turn, provide us with
the oxygen we breathe in.
Forests & TREES

12.  One mature tree can provide enough
oxygen per day to support between 2
to 10 people. The fewer trees there are,
the fewer lives that our planet can
support.
 Carbon dioxide emissions are what is
responsible for Global Warming. As I
said before, forests consume the carbon
dioxide in the air which, in turn, helps
fight Global Warming. That’s just one
of many reasons you should love trees!

13.  Rivers carry water and nutrients to areas all around the
earth. They play a very important part in the water cycle,
acting as drainage channels for surface water. Rivers drain
nearly 75% of the earth's land surface.
 Rivers are an important energy source. During the early
industrial era, mills, shops, and factories were built near
fast-flowing rivers where water could be used to power
machines. Today steep rivers are still used to power
hydroelectric plants and their water turbines.
Rivers

14.  Urban ecosystem, any ecological system located within a
city or other densely settled area or, in a broader sense,
the greater ecological system that makes up an entire
metropolitan area.
 They are structurally complex ecosystems with highly
heterogeneous and dynamic spatial structure that is
created and maintained by humans.
 They include cities, smaller settlements and industrial
areas, that are made up of diverse patch types (e.g.
buildings, paved surfaces, transport infrastructure, parks
and gardens).
URBAN ECOSYTEM
(TOWN AND CITIES)

15. They include cities, smaller settlements and industrial areas,
that are made up of diverse patch types (e.g. buildings, paved
surfaces, transport infrastructure, parks and gardens).
Urban ecosystems rely on large subsidies of imported water,
nutrients, food and other resources. Compared to other
natural and artificial ecosystems human population density is
high.

16. More than 50% of all species on Earth are
found under the ocean and the ocean helps
sustain human life above the water by
providing 20% of the animal protein and
5% of the total protein in the human diet.
In the United States alone, there are over
95,000 miles of shoreline.
Oceans and Coast

17.  Open farm and forest lands are important for
the recharge of ground water in our
communities. Farms also provide critical
habitat for local wildlife populations,
promoting and protecting biodiversity.
 The major benefits of grassland agriculture
include the following. Protects soil from wind
and water erosion. Provides high quality,
relatively inexpensive feed for livestock and
wildlife. Provides wildlife habitat
Farmlands and Grasslands

18. Mountains
 Mountain ecosystems are characterized by
harsh environmental conditions.
 These include often long lasting snow cover,
short growing seasons and topographically
related disturbances like rockfall or
landslides, etc.
 Mountain ecosystems, as well as the animals
and plants that live there, have adapted
well to these conditions.

19.  Peat is the accumulation of organic material (e.g.,
plants or mosses) that has been formed on the spot
and has not been transported after its formation.
 Where the water level is stable near the peat
surface (just below, at, or just above), the
remains of dead plants and mosses do not fully
decompose due to the absence of oxygen (i.e.,
aerobic decomposition is limited), and therefore a
layer of organic material accumulates over time
where litter deposition exceeds anaerobic
decomposition (i.e., in the absence of oxygen).
 A peatland is an area with a naturally accumulated
peat layer at the surface (with or without surface
vegetation).
PEAT LANDS

20. The rate of destruction and
consequences of ecosystem loss
 Environmental degradation is the deterioration of
the environment through depletion of resources
such as air, water and soil; the destruction of
ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of
wildlife; and pollution. ... When natural habitats are
destroyed or natural resources are depleted, the
environment is degraded.
 The current rate of deforestation is 160,000 square
kilometers per year, which equates to a loss of
approximately 1% of original forest habitat each
year. Other forest ecosystems have suffered as
much or more destruction as tropical rainforests.

21. Solutions to restore different types of
ecosystems which have been degraded.
There are few ecosystems in the world that have not been impacted
by humans. Humans can eliminate species and disrupt natural
processes, degrading or even destroying complex local webs of life.
Ecological restoration is human facilitation of the repair of a
damaged or destroyed ecosystem. Restored environments may take
years to function without human intervention and may never be the
same as their intact predecessors, but restoration remains an
important part of the conservation toolbox.
Introduction

22.  There are different ways to measure restoration and
determine when the work is done. The focus can be on
species assemblages, ecosystem processes, disturbance
regimes, resiliency or the trajectory of the environment.
 Restoration can also be measured by the absence of such
factors as evidence of dysfunction or the need for human
maintenance. Ultimately, the restored project is
compared to a reference ecosystem, which could be the
same location in the past or a similar intact system.
Definition

23.  Reduce, reuse, and recycle. Cut down on what you
throw away. Follow the three "R's" to conserve
natural resources and landfill space.
 Volunteer. Volunteer for cleanups in your
community. You can get involved in protecting your
watershed, too.
 Educate. When you further your own education, you
can help others understand the importance and
value of our natural resources.
 Conserve water. The less water you use, the less
runoff and wastewater that eventually end up in
the ocean.
 Choose sustainable.
Ways to protect our ecosystem and
to restore it back!

24.  Shop wisely. Buy less plastic and bring a
reusable shopping bag.
 Use long-lasting light bulbs. Energy efficient
light bulbs reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Also flip the light switch off when you leave
the room!
 Plant a tree. Trees provide food and oxygen.
They help save energy, clean the air, and help
combat climate change.
 Don't send chemicals into our waterways. Choose
non-toxic chemicals in the home and office.
 Bike more. Drive less.

26. Every small action counts. Let’s protect the
environment together!
THANK
YOU!