The document provides information on common hazards, causes of fatalities, and control measures in construction. Some key points: - Common causes of construction fatalities in the US (1999) include falls, being caught in equipment, and electrocution. In India (1999), falls and fires/explosions were top causes. - For one construction company in India, the top causes of fatalities were crush injuries and burns. - Fall hazards can be from falling structures, equipment, materials or people. Control measures include scaffolding, guardrails, harnesses and fall arrest systems. - Proper ladders, crawling boards and covers for floor openings can prevent fall hazards. Scaffold

1. 11

2. 2
• Hazards
• Causes
• Control Measures
• Activities
• Facts
2

3. 3
2%1%
4%
5%
4%
36%
12%
1%
2%
1%
1%
5%
1%
23%
Aphyxiation/inhalation
Caught in stationary eqpt.
Collapse of structure
Crush in between
Electric shock
Drown,non-lethal fall
Fall from height
Fall of object
fire/explosion
hyper thermia/hypothermia
Lifting operation
Trench collapse
Manual lifting
Other
Causes Wise Construction Fatalities, 1999 (USA)

4. 4
2%1%
8%
4%
3%
6%
1%
1%
46%
10%
9%
9%
Fall of Person
Fall of object
Lifting eqpt.
Non rail transport
Machinery
Excavation
Electrical
Tunneling
Fire/Explosion
Stricking an object
Poisoning & Gassing
Others
Causes Wise Construction Fatalities, 1999(INDIA)

5. 5
Fall of Person
Fall of object
Crush in between
Burn injury
Struck by object
Causes Wise Construction Fatalities, L & T E & C Division
8%
8%
33%
8%
42%

6. 6
Activities
Roof work
Material shifting / Removal
Painting Insulation
Hot work
Equipment /
Structural erection

7. 7

8. 8
Fall of Person

9. 9
Fall of Material

10. 10
Time
(Seconds)
Distance
(meters)
Distance
(feet)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
4
1.2
5
11
20
31
44
78
4
16
36
64
100
144
256
TIME TAKEN BY MATERIAL TO FALL

11. 11
ITEM WEIGHT STRIKING FORCE
WHEN DROPPED FROM
10 Meter 15 Meter
SQUARE WASHER 0.099 Kgs. 0.990 Kg.mt. 1.48 Kg.mt.
13.5 Kv INSULATOR 1.15 Kg. 11.15 Kg.mt. 17.25Kg.mt.
LAG SCREW 0.099 Kg. 0.990 Kg.mt. 1.48 Kg.mt.
5/8” BOLT 0.737 Kg. 7.370 Kg.mt. 11.05Kg.mt.
12” WRENCH 0.6849 Kg. 6.849 Kg.mt. 10.27Kg.mt.
9” PLIER 0.4249 Kg. 4.249 Kg.mt. 6.37 Kg.mt.
STRIKING FORCE ON HEADSTRIKING FORCE ON HEAD

12. 12
Fire due to Fall of Hot Spatters
1 2

13. 13

14. 14
Scaffolding foundation is not firm

15. 15
Non provision of Handrails

16. 16

17. 17

18. 18

19. 19
Makeshift
Arrangements

20. 20
USE OF
DEFECTIVE
LADDER

21. 21
LEAN TOO
FAR SIDEWAYS

22. 22
Non use of Crawling board

23. 23

24. 24
Slippery
Working
Platform

25. 25
Floor Opening

26. 26
Non use/incorrect use of Safety belt
1. 2.

27. 27
Electric Shock

28. 28
1. 2.
3. 4.
Poor
House
keeping

29. 29
Not preparing welding booth /
No protection against fall of hot spatters

30. 30
Case Study
1 2

31. 31
• Engineering Control Method
• Compliance of statutory requirements
• PPE

32. 32

33. 33
• Competent person should be present during
scaffold work & same to be Inspected regularly.

34. 34
• Correct installation of
cross/support brace.

35. 35
Base of the scaffolding is stable and strong

36. 36

37. 37
GUARD RAILS AND TOE BOARDS FOR
WORKING PLATFORM

38. 38
Riser
Height = 19cm
75 - 85 cm
Slope :- 30 - 350
Staircase Width
Min. - 100cm
No. of Riser shall be limited to 12 per flight
Toe Board
Height to
be 150mm
Statutory Requirements for Staircase

39. 39
• To be secured/tied to the structure or wall
at the proper interval.
• Safe means of access to be provided by ladder or
stairways
• Working surface, guardrails, access/egress should
be maintain in clean & non slippery condition
• Ensure that scaffold system is not overloaded.
• Defective scaffold component to be repaired or
destroyed.
Things to do ...

40. 40

41. 41
Use of crawling board

42. 42
WORKING ON A C SHEET ROOFS

43. 43
Roof
Clamps

44. 44
Ladders
• 20 % of accident occurs
due to defective ladders.
• 80 % of accidents are due to
thoughtlessness & foolishness
of ladder users

45. 45
1 M
1
4
or Angle : 75 O
Ration 1 : 4 from side to up
Safe position of Ladder
Ladder

46. 46

47. 47

48. 48
Ladder should be tied to the scaffolding
or stable structure

49. 49LADDER CLAMP
LADDER SHOULD PROJECT
ONE METRE ABOVE THE
POINT OF SUPPORT

50. 50
• NON – SLIP LADDER SHOES

51. 51

52. 52

53. 53

54. 54

55. 55

56. 56
FACE THE LADDER WHEN
ASCENDING AND DESCENDING

57. 57

58. 58
Additional person holding the ladder
to avoid collapse of ladder

59. 59
Covered floor Openings

60. 60
SHED to be provided at the entrance for
to avoid fall of material from height

61. 61
Provide extra porch to avoid fall of
material. Display Precautionary board.

62. 62
Safe procedure for lifting tubular to higher elevation
• Check all lifting tools & tackles
• Shall be certified by competent person
• Cordon area
• Ensure that material is secured prior to lift.

63. 63

64. 64

65. 65
Safety Belt ( IS 3521 : 1989 )
1. Waist Safety Belt 2. General Purpose Safety Belt

66. 66
3. Safety harness for
confined Spaces &
Hazardous area
4. Pole Safety Belt

67. 67

68. 68

69. 69
Safety belt and horizontal lifeline
to be provided while working on structure.

70. 70

71. 71

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73. 73

74. 74
Horizontal life line

75. 75
Use of fall arrestor system

76. 76
Safety Net System
8 feet
Up to
5 feet...More than
5 feet up
to 10feet
To 10 feet
More than
10feet
13 feet
Working
Surface
Safety Net

77. 77
Safety net is provided to prevent fall of material
on the persons working below on the ground

78. 78
Case Study
Operation:- Bridge Construction

79. 79
DON’T JUMP
FROM HIGHER ELEVATION,
YOU ARE NOT WORKING
FOR A CIRCUS COMPANY

80. 80
Finish
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