This document provides a literature review on work-disabling low back pain and its relationship to central sensitivity syndromes. It summarizes 21 peer-reviewed studies that examine risk factors for developing chronic widespread pain from localized back pain, central sensitization in chronic low back pain patients, and the potential for low back pain to be classified as a central sensitivity disorder. The studies suggest that psychosocial factors can increase the risk of chronic disability from low back pain and that some patients may develop increased sensitivity in the central nervous system, contributing to chronic pain.