Betty Friedan's 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is credited with sparking second-wave feminism by challenging traditional gender roles that defined women's lives as wives and mothers; while some saw the book as liberating women, others criticized Friedan for being too radical in advocating for equality between men and women, including equal rights, childcare, women pursuing their talents beyond domestic duties, and reproductive rights; Friedan went on to found the National Organization of Women in 1967 to promote feminist ideals and fight for legal changes like the failed Equal Rights Amendment of 1972.