This document provides an overview of the women's movements in the 1920s and 1960s in the United States. In the 1920s, "flappers" challenged traditional values by adopting short hairstyles, dresses, smoking, and drinking. The 19th amendment granted women's suffrage. Alice Paul pushed for an Equal Rights Amendment. Margaret Sanger advocated for birth control. By the 1960s, inspired by the civil rights movement, NOW was formed to advocate for women's rights. Betty Friedan's book The Feminine Mystique analyzed women's roles. The Equal Pay Act and Civil Rights Act banned gender-based pay discrimination.
This piece is about the history of the women's rights movement and contains an interview with Patsy McDonald, who's grandmother was a member of the "Silent Sentinels."
This piece is about the history of the women's rights movement and contains an interview with Patsy McDonald, who's grandmother was a member of the "Silent Sentinels."
Gender Sensitization is priority of present Society.Unless adults change the attitudes toward Gender roles gender equality will not be achieved.These are some statements for understanding and comprehension of the topic gender equity and equality.
This paper examines the changing policies surrounding sexual and reproductive rights in the United States. Examining abortion and contraception regulations in the light of health care reform, as well as the rise of ‘conscience clauses’ which permit a wide range of professionals from providing services related to sexual and reproductive health, we examine the continuing ‘politics of motherhood’.
History of women's rights in the U.S. Includes Supreme Court decisions, 19th Amendment, Seneca Falls in addition to other historical points. Student project.
Tracy A Weitz, PhD, MPA
Director
Advancing New Standard in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH)
Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health
University of California, San Francisco
January 25, 2010
Después de leer el libro: "La mística de la Feminidad" se me ocurrió hacer una recopilación de imágenes para pensar a la mujer desde otro lugar, desde la identidad propia y no desde un simple rol biológico.
This presentation is from the online class. "Acting Up - Using Theater & Technology for Social Change" taught by Tom Tresser for the DePaul University School for New Learning.
Info: http://tomsclasses.wordpress.com
Gender Sensitization is priority of present Society.Unless adults change the attitudes toward Gender roles gender equality will not be achieved.These are some statements for understanding and comprehension of the topic gender equity and equality.
This paper examines the changing policies surrounding sexual and reproductive rights in the United States. Examining abortion and contraception regulations in the light of health care reform, as well as the rise of ‘conscience clauses’ which permit a wide range of professionals from providing services related to sexual and reproductive health, we examine the continuing ‘politics of motherhood’.
History of women's rights in the U.S. Includes Supreme Court decisions, 19th Amendment, Seneca Falls in addition to other historical points. Student project.
Tracy A Weitz, PhD, MPA
Director
Advancing New Standard in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH)
Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health
University of California, San Francisco
January 25, 2010
Después de leer el libro: "La mística de la Feminidad" se me ocurrió hacer una recopilación de imágenes para pensar a la mujer desde otro lugar, desde la identidad propia y no desde un simple rol biológico.
This presentation is from the online class. "Acting Up - Using Theater & Technology for Social Change" taught by Tom Tresser for the DePaul University School for New Learning.
Info: http://tomsclasses.wordpress.com
Essay on The Womens Rights Movement
Womens Rights Thesis
Womens Right and Abortion Essay
Essay about Womens Rights Movement
Essay on The Womens Rights Movement
A Womens Right to Vote Essay
A History of Womens Rights Essay
Women Rights Reflection
Essay on Womens Right to Vote
Running head: FREEDOM AND WOMEN 1
FREEDOM AND WOMEN 2
Freedom and women
Reconstruction led to the reinstatement of the southern states to the association, and reformulating the position African Americans in the United States. The process had begun before the civil war came to an end. Abraham Lincoln the president of the United States, started the unification of the states in 1863. The southerners took an oath of loyalty to show that they were to be loyal to the union and could take positions and establish governments. Lincolns' liberation command made the United States bring slavery to an end. However, this command only freed slaves in the areas of liberation the others left in bondage. Freedom, gender, race, and political economic revolutionized in the reconstruction period. It led to the emergence of suffrage movements and amendment of the constitution, granting all citizens the right to vote.
In 1920, the US constitution got approved after the nineteenth constitutional amendment. It also granted the congress the power to exercise legislation where appropriate. The right to vote depicted the highest level of the women movement, which was led by the national American woman enfranchisement association. The women's, enfranchisement movement had its origin in 1848. Three hundred thousand male and female activists had gathered during the convention to discuss the issue of women and come up with new strategies on how the political and social rights of the women could be achieved. However, the movement initially wasn't really into the suffrage of women at its early stages. The first suffrage women movement began in 1869. Susan and Elizabeth Cady found the National Woman enfranchisement Association. “Lucy Stone, Julia Ward, and Henry Blackwell” were the founding fathers of the American Woman enfranchisement Association (Williamson, 2019). During the fifteenth amend these two associations became rivals. This was because, in the fifteenth amendment, men were granted the right to poll, and the National Woman enfranchisement supported it.
American woman suffrage association did not help the amendment, because suffrage for women was not included. Notably, the two movements despite having differences, they were later merged into one massive demonstration, the National American Woman enfranchisement Association in 1890. In the 1870s, the women enfranchisement activists began to endeavor to vote and filing case when they were denied the chance to vote. This brought a lot of consciousness to the movement especially after the apprehension of Susan Anthony when she tried to vote in ...
4. Background
Historically, women have been
considered intellectually inferior to
men.
They were seen as major sources of
temptation and evil.
Women were also considered
naturally weaker than men
5. “Woman is the gate of
the devil, the path of
wickedness, the sting of
the serpent, in a word a
perilous object.”
-- St. Jerome, a 4th-c
Latin father of the
Christian church
7. Flappers
These women challenged traditional
American values.
Characteristics of a Flapper:
Short, bobbed hair
Short hems on their skirts
Listened to Jazz music
Wore makeup
Drank hard liquor
Smoked cigarettes
Treating sex in a more casual manner
Were opposed to the conventional social
and sexual norms
8. 19th Amendment
“The right of citizens of the United
States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by
any State on account of sex.
Congress shall have power to enforce
this article by appropriate
legislation.”
It was ratified on August 18th, 1920.
9.
10. Alice Paul
She was the head
of National
Women’s Party.
Felt that the 19th
Amendment wasn’t
enough.
Pushed for an
Equal Rights
Amendment to be
added to the
constitution.
January 11th, 1885- July 9th, 1977
11. The Equal Rights
Amendment (ERA)
“Men and women shall have equal
rights throughout the United States
and every place subject to its
jurisdiction.”
It was first introduced to Congress in
1923.
Made all forms of discrimination based
on sex illegal.
Never passed in Congress.
12. Margaret Sanger
In 1921, she founded the
American Birth Control
League (ABCL)
Today known as Planned
Parenthood
In 1923, she established
the Clinical Research
Bureau.
The first legal birth
control clinic in the U.S.
Women were then able to
control their own bodies.
This movement educated
women about existing
birth control methods.
A 1936, a Supreme Court
decision declassified
birth control information
as obscene.
13. “Woman was created to be
man's helpmeet, but her unique
role is in conception . . . since
for other purposes men would be
better assisted by other men."
--Thomas Aquinas, 13th
Christian
theologian
century
14. Adkins v. Children’s
Hospital 1923
The Supreme Court decided that a
minimum wage for women violated the
right to freedom of contract.
William Howard Taft was the
Chief Justice
15. Women’s Bureau of the
Department of Labor
In 1920, the Women's Bureau of the
Department of Labor was established
to gather information about the
situation of women at work, and to
advocate for changes it found were
needed.
Many suffragists became actively
involved with lobbying for legislation to
protect women workers from abuse and
unsafe conditions.
16. “Pink Collared” Jobs
Gave women a
taste of the work
world.
Low paying service
occupations.
Made less money
than men did doing
the same jobs.
Examples of jobs:
Secretaries
Teachers
Telephone
operators
Nurses
17. “Pink Collared” Jobs
Women were confined
to traditional
“feminine” fields in
the work force.
The “new professional
women” was the most
vivid and widely
publicized image in the
1920s.
But in reality, most
middle class married
women remained at
home to care for
their children.
18. 1928 Olympics
These were the first
Olympics that women
were allowed to
compete in.
There were many
arguments about
these actions.
Some argued that it
was historically
inappropriate since
women did not
compete in ancient
Greek Olympics.
Others said that
physical competition
was “injurious” to
women.
The 1928 Dutch Women’s
Gymnastics team. They won the
gold medal in the group event.
19. Education
By 1928, women were
earning 39% of the
college degrees given
in the United States.
It had risen from the
original 19% it was at
the beginning of the
century.
Example:
In 1926, Sarah
Lawrence College
was founded as an
all girls school
21. Background
The Women's Rights
Movement of the 1960s
was a second wave of
activism.
The women's movement
of the 1960s drew
inspiration from the
civil rights movement
It was made up of
members of the middle
class
It was also caused by
the sexual revolution of
the 1960s
Sparked by the
development of the
birth-control pill in
1960
Martin Luther King Jr. giving his
"I Have A Dream“, 1963
22. Background Cont
Sexual assault and domestic violence
became central targets of women's
activism
The crime of rape begins to increase in
numbers
Rape is sex without consent, both legally and
socially
Susan Brownmiller's book, Against Her
Will, examines the history of rape
Feminists work to create domestic
violence shelters and rape crisis hotlines
23. National Organization
for Women (NOW)
Founded in 1966.
Founded by a group of
people, including Betty
Friedan, and Rev. Pauli
Murray.
The first AfricanAmerican woman
Episcopal priest.
Betty Friedan became
the organization's
first president.
24. NOW
(con’t.)
The goal of NOW is to bring about
equality for all women.
They campaigned to gain passage of the
ERA amendment at the state level.
Issues NOW deals with:
works to eliminate discrimination and
harassment in the workplace, schools, and
the justice system.
secure abortion, birth control and
reproductive rights for all women
end all forms of violence against women
eradicate racism, sexism and homophobia
promote equality and justice in society.
25. Rachel Carson
Wrote the
controversial book,
Silent Spring
It says that
pesticides are
destroying wildlife
and endangering
humanity.
May 27th, 1907April 14th, 1964
May 27th, 1907- April 14th, 1964
26. Betty Friedan
Wrote the book,
Feminine Mystique in
1963.
In her book, she
depicted the roles of
women in industrial
societies.
She focused most of
her attention on the
housewife role of
women.
She referred to the
problem of gender
roles as "the problem
without a name".
The book became a
bestseller and was the
cause for the second
wave of feminism in
the 60s.
Feb. 4th, 1921- Feb. 4th, 2006
27. The problem that has no name–which
is simply the fact that American
women are kept from growing to their
full human capacities–is taking a far
greater toll on the physical and mental
health of our country than any known
disease.
-- Betty Friedan
28. Shirley Chisholm
November 30, 1924 to
January 1, 2005
In 1968 Shirley Chisholm of New York
was the first black woman elected to
the House of Representatives.
29. First national Commission
on the Status of Women
President Kennedy
established the first
national Commission
on the Status of
Women in 1961.
In 1963 the commission issued a
report detailing employment
discrimination, unequal pay, legal
inequality, and insufficient support
services for working women.
30. Equal Pay Act 1963
It is the first federal law prohibiting sexual
discrimination.
In 1963 the average female worker’s wages in
the United States were equivalent to 58.9 %
of the average male worker’s earnings.
It abolished wage differences based on sex.
“No employer having employees subject to any
provisions of this section [section 206 of title
29 of the United States Code] shall
discriminate, within any establishment in which
such employees are employed, between
employees on the basis of sex by paying wages to
employees in such establishment at a rate less
than the rate at which he pays wages to
employees of the opposite sex in such
establishment for equal work on jobs…”
-- Equal Pay Act
31. The Civil Rights
Act of 1964
Passed in 1964.
It banned discrimination on the basis of color, race,
national origin, religion, or sex.
Section VII set up the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to enforce the act.
32. Presidential Executive
Order 11246
It was signed by President Lyndon B.
Johnson on September 24th, 1965
It prohibited bias against women in hiring
by federal government contractors.
“…Prohibits federal contractors and
federally assisted construction
contractors and subcontractors, who do
over $10,000 in Government business in
one year from discriminating in
employment decisions on the basis of
race, color, religion, sex, or national
origin."
33. Griswold v.
Connecticut (1965)
Estelle Griswold was
the executive director
of Planned Parenthood
League.
The case involved a
Connecticut law that
prohibited the use of
contraceptives.
Ruled that the
Constitution protected
a right to privacy.
Found that Connecticut
should allow married
couples to use birth
control.
Chief Justice
Earl Warren
(top), Estelle
Griswold (right)
35. Works Cited
"1920s." Women of the Century. 2006. Discovery Channel. 1 June 2007
<http://school.discovery.com/schooladventures/womenofthecentury/decade
bydecade/1920s.html>.
1928 Olympics. 1928. Amsterdam. The Holocaust. 1 June 2007
<http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/olympics/zcd078.htm>.
"1960s." Women of the Century. 2006. Discovery Channel. 1 June 2007
<http://school.discovery.com/schooladventures/womenofthecentury/decade
bydecade/1960s.html>.
"Alice Paul: Feminist, Suffragist and Political Strategist." Alice Paul Institute. 23
May 2007. 31 May 2007 <http://www.alicepaul.org/alicepaul.htm>.
Bachir, John J. Betty Friedan. 2006. JJB Blog. 4 June 2007
<http://blog.johnjosephbachir.org/tag/freedom>.
"Betty Friedan." Women of the Hall. 1993. National Women's Hall of Fame. 4 June
2007 <http://www.greatwomen.org/women.php?action=viewone&id=62>.
Chapin. "Two's Company, Three's a Crowd." Cartoon. Literary Digest. 6 June
2007<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Two%27s_Company%2C_Three%
27s_a
Crowd.jpg>.
"Chisholm, Shirley Anita." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
2005. 7 June 2007<http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.
pl?
index=C000371>.
Corbis-Bettmann. Rachel Carson. 1963. Carson, Rachel. 1 June 2007
<http://www.pollutionissues.com/Br-Co/Carson-Rachel-Scientist-EcologistWriter-of-Silent-Spring-1907-1964.html>.
Eisenberg, Bonnie, and Mary Ruthsdotter. "Living the Legacy: the Women's Rights
Movement 1848 - 1998." Women's Rights Movement. 1998. 5 June 2007
<http://www.legacy98.org/move-hist.html>.
36. Works Cited Cont
"Equal Rights Amendment." National Organization of Women. 2007. NOW. 19 May
2007 <http://www.now.org/issues/economic/eratext.html>.
"Flapper Culture & Style." The Jazz Age. 2001. 1 June 2007
<http://www.geocities.com/flapper_culture/>.
Graduation. 1926. Historical Timeline of the University of Idaho. University of
Idaho. 1 June 2007 <http://www.lib.uidaho.edu/specialcollections/timeline.htm>.
Griswold V. Connecticut. Warren Court. 7 June 1965. 7 June 2007
<http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1964/1964_496/>.
Lewis, Jone J. "Women's History." About.Com. 2001. New York Times. 15 May 2007
<http://womenshistory.about.com/library/pic/1913/bl_p_191307.htm>.
Mount, Steve. "U.S Constitution- Amendment 19." The U.S. Constitution Online.
2007. 31 May 2007 <http://www.usconstitution.net/xconst_Am19.html>.
"NOW." National Organization for Women. 4 June 2007 <http://www.now.org/>.
"Sports: Track & Field--the 1928 Olympics." HerStory. 2007. 1 June 2007
<http://library2.usask.ca/herstory/field.html>.
"The Equal Pay Act of 1963." Essortment. 2002. 5 June 2007
<http://nc.essortment.com/equalpayact_rvwx.htm>.
Tranter, John. Mother, NéE Anne Katherine Brown, Circa 1920. 1920. Australia.
JohnTrater.com. 31 May 2007<http://johntranter.com/interviewed/2001lilley
.php>.
"Women’S Rights." Encarta. 2007. MSN. 1 June 2007 <http://encarta.msn.com/
encyclopedia_761574034_2/Women’s_Rights.html>.
Editor's Notes
-Eisenberg, Bonnie, and Mary Ruthsdotter. "Living the Legacy: the Women's Rights Movement 1848 - 1998." Women's Rights Movement. 1998. 5 June 2007 <http://www.legacy98.org/move-hist.html>.
-Eisenberg, Bonnie, and Mary Ruthsdotter. "Living the Legacy: the Women's Rights Movement 1848 - 1998." Women's Rights Movement. 1998. 5 June 2007 <http://www.legacy98.org/move-hist.html>.
-"Flapper Culture & Style." The Jazz Age. 2001. 1 June 2007 <http://www.geocities.com/flapper_culture/>.
-"Flapper Culture & Style." The Jazz Age. 2001. 1 June 2007 <http://www.geocities.com/flapper_culture/>.
Mount, Steve. "U.S Constitution- Amendment 19." The U.S. Constitution Online. 2007. 31 May 2007 <http://www.usconstitution.net/xconst_Am19.html>.
-Chapin. "Two's Company, Three's a Crowd." Cartoon. Literary Digest. 6 June 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Two%27s_Company%2C_Three%27s_a_Crowd.jpg>.
-Lewis, Jone J. "Women's History." About.Com. 2001. New York Times. 15 May 2007 <http://womenshistory.about.com/library/pic/1913/bl_p_191307.htm>.
-"Alice Paul: Feminist, Suffragist and Political Strategist." Alice Paul Institute. 23 May 2007. 31 May 2007 <http://www.alicepaul.org/alicepaul.htm>.
-"Equal Rights Amendment." National Organization of Women. 2007. NOW. 19 May 2007 <http://www.now.org/issues/economic/eratext.html>.
-Eisenberg, Bonnie, and Mary Ruthsdotter. "Living the Legacy: the Women's Rights Movement 1848 - 1998." Women's Rights Movement. 1998. 5 June 2007 <http://www.legacy98.org/move-hist.html>.
-"Women’s Rights." Encarta. 2007. MSN. 1 June 2007 <http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761574034_2/Women’s_Rights.html>.
-Eisenberg, Bonnie, and Mary Ruthsdotter. "Living the Legacy: the Women's Rights Movement 1848 - 1998." Women's Rights Movement. 1998. 5 June 2007 <http://www.legacy98.org/move-hist.html>.
-Patterson, June. "Telephone Operators in Hazard 1961." Hazard Kentucky and Perry County; a Photo History. 1961. 29 May 2007 <http://hazardkentucky.com/haznet/index.shtml>.
-Tranter, John. Mother, NéE Anne Katherine Brown, Circa 1920. 1920. Australia. JohnTrater.com. 31 May 2007 <http://johntranter.com/interviewed/2001lilley.php>.
-"Sports: Track & Field--the 1928 Olympics." HerStory. 2007. 1 June 2007 <http://library2.usask.ca/herstory/field.html>.
-1928 Olympics. 1928. Amsterdam. The Holocaust. 1 June 2007 <http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/olympics/zcd078.htm>.
-Graduation. 1926. Historical Timeline of the University of Idaho. University of Idaho. 1 June 2007 <http://www.lib.uidaho.edu/special-collections/timeline.htm>.
-"1920s." Women of the Century. 2006. Discovery Channel. 1 June 2007 <http://school.discovery.com/schooladventures/womenofthecentury/decadebydecade/1920s.html>.
-Eisenberg, Bonnie, and Mary Ruthsdotter. "Living the Legacy: the Women's Rights Movement 1848 - 1998." Women's Rights Movement. 1998. 5 June 2007 <http://www.legacy98.org/move-hist.html>.
-Eisenberg, Bonnie, and Mary Ruthsdotter. "Living the Legacy: the Women's Rights Movement 1848 - 1998." Women's Rights Movement. 1998. 5 June 2007 <http://www.legacy98.org/move-hist.html>.
-"NOW." National Organization for Women. 4 June 2007 <http://www.now.org/>.
-"NOW." National Organization for Women. 4 June 2007 <http://www.now.org/>.
-"1960s." Women of the Century. 2006. Discovery Channel. 1 June 2007 <http://school.discovery.com/schooladventures/womenofthecentury/decadebydecade/1960s.html>.
-Corbis-Bettmann. Rachel Carson. 1963. Carson, Rachel. 1 June 2007 <http://www.pollutionissues.com/Br-Co/Carson-Rachel-Scientist-Ecologist-Writer-of-Silent-Spring-1907-1964.html>.
-"Betty Friedan." Women of the Hall. 1993. National Women's Hall of Fame. 4 June 2007 <http://www.greatwomen.org/women.php?action=viewone&id=62>.
-Bachir, John J. Betty Friedan. 2006. JJB Blog. 4 June 2007 <http://blog.johnjosephbachir.org/tag/freedom>.
-Bachir, John J. Betty Friedan. 2006. JJB Blog. 4 June 2007 <http://blog.johnjosephbachir.org/tag/freedom>.
-"Chisholm, Shirley Anita." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2005. 7 June 2007 <http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000371>.
-"Women’S Rights." Encarta. 2007. MSN. 1 June 2007 <http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761574034_2/Women’s_Rights.html>.
-"The Equal Pay Act of 1963." Essortment. 2002. 5 June 2007 <http://nc.essortment.com/equalpayact_rvwx.htm>.
-"1960s." Women of the Century. 2006. Discovery Channel. 1 June 2007 <http://school.discovery.com/schooladventures/womenofthecentury/decadebydecade/1960s.html>.
-Eisenberg, Bonnie, and Mary Ruthsdotter. "Living the Legacy: the Women's Rights Movement 1848 - 1998." Women's Rights Movement. 1998. 5 June 2007 <http://www.legacy98.org/move-hist.html>.
-Griswold V. Connecticut. Warren Court. 7 June 1965. 7 June 2007 <http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1964/1964_496/>.