Running head: FREEDOM AND WOMEN 1 FREEDOM AND WOMEN 2 Freedom and women Reconstruction led to the reinstatement of the southern states to the association, and reformulating the position African Americans in the United States. The process had begun before the civil war came to an end. Abraham Lincoln the president of the United States, started the unification of the states in 1863. The southerners took an oath of loyalty to show that they were to be loyal to the union and could take positions and establish governments. Lincolns' liberation command made the United States bring slavery to an end. However, this command only freed slaves in the areas of liberation the others left in bondage. Freedom, gender, race, and political economic revolutionized in the reconstruction period. It led to the emergence of suffrage movements and amendment of the constitution, granting all citizens the right to vote. In 1920, the US constitution got approved after the nineteenth constitutional amendment. It also granted the congress the power to exercise legislation where appropriate. The right to vote depicted the highest level of the women movement, which was led by the national American woman enfranchisement association. The women's, enfranchisement movement had its origin in 1848. Three hundred thousand male and female activists had gathered during the convention to discuss the issue of women and come up with new strategies on how the political and social rights of the women could be achieved. However, the movement initially wasn't really into the suffrage of women at its early stages. The first suffrage women movement began in 1869. Susan and Elizabeth Cady found the National Woman enfranchisement Association. “Lucy Stone, Julia Ward, and Henry Blackwell” were the founding fathers of the American Woman enfranchisement Association (Williamson, 2019). During the fifteenth amend these two associations became rivals. This was because, in the fifteenth amendment, men were granted the right to poll, and the National Woman enfranchisement supported it. American woman suffrage association did not help the amendment, because suffrage for women was not included. Notably, the two movements despite having differences, they were later merged into one massive demonstration, the National American Woman enfranchisement Association in 1890. In the 1870s, the women enfranchisement activists began to endeavor to vote and filing case when they were denied the chance to vote. This brought a lot of consciousness to the movement especially after the apprehension of Susan Anthony when she tried to vote in ...

1. Running head: FREEDOM AND WOMEN
1
FREEDOM AND WOMEN
2
Freedom and women
Reconstruction led to the reinstatement of the southern states to
the association, and reformulating the position African
Americans in the United States. The process had begun before
the civil war came to an end. Abraham Lincoln the president of
the United States, started the unification of the states in 1863.
The southerners took an oath of loyalty to show that they were
to be loyal to the union and could take positions and establish
governments. Lincolns' liberation command made the United
States bring slavery to an end. However, this command only
freed slaves in the areas of liberation the others left in bondage.
Freedom, gender, race, and political economic revolutionized in
the reconstruction period. It led to the emergence of suffrage
movements and amendment of the constitution, granting all
citizens the right to vote.
In 1920, the US constitution got approved after the nineteenth
constitutional amendment. It also granted the congress the
power to exercise legislation where appropriate. The right to
vote depicted the highest level of the women movement, which
was led by the national American woman enfranchisement
association. The women's, enfranchisement movement had its
origin in 1848. Three hundred thousand male and female
activists had gathered during the convention to discuss the issue
of women and come up with new strategies on how the political
and social rights of the women could be achieved. However, the
movement initially wasn't really into the suffrage of women at
its early stages. The first suffrage women movement began in

2. 1869. Susan and Elizabeth Cady found the National Woman
enfranchisement Association. “Lucy Stone, Julia Ward, and
Henry Blackwell” were the founding fathers of the American
Woman enfranchisement Association (Williamson, 2019).
During the fifteenth amend these two associations became
rivals. This was because, in the fifteenth amendment, men were
granted the right to poll, and the National Woman
enfranchisement supported it.
American woman suffrage association did not help the
amendment, because suffrage for women was not included.
Notably, the two movements despite having differences, they
were later merged into one massive demonstration, the National
American Woman enfranchisement Association in 1890. In the
1870s, the women enfranchisement activists began to endeavor
to vote and filing case when they were denied the chance to
vote. This brought a lot of consciousness to the movement
especially after the apprehension of Susan Anthony when she
tried to vote in the head of state elections in 1872. The women
suffrage activists lived with hope that one day the law cases
would reach the Supreme Court and they would be granted the
right to vote just like men. However, it was so heartbreaking
when the Supreme Court made a ruling that the United States
Constitution didn't owe anyone the right to the ballot. The
Supreme Court ruling not only did it demoralize the activists
but also acted as the motivating factor for the activist to push
for another amendment (Brundage, & Gerstle, 2017). The union
leaders started to form universal Suffrage movements. The
activist began establishing drives that were to push for a
constitutional amendment that was to grant voting rights to the
women. The campaigns to achieve victories at the top level of
the government ware started by the National American Woman
Suffrage Movement. This union hoped that federal legislation
would follow after the women had the right to poll. During the
endorsement of the 19th amendment, the efforts of the
association came to light as most of the states had granted

3. limited voting rights to women. Some sectors of the US society
were strictly against the movement of women's suffrage that had
already kicked off with a lot of momentum (Dionne Danns, &
Michelle 2015). Those that engaged in the brewing of alcohol
and distillation opposed the movement because they thought
that if the women had to vote, they would vote for the
prohibition of the brewery and sale of alcohol in America.
Those that employed young people agitated that women would
poll against child exploitation. Movements that completely
opposed the women's suffrage movement sprang up.
Unfortunately, the anti-suffrage activists were men and women
who stated that national was a dirty game, and it would tarnish
the morals, and spiritual believes of women. Aaron the
republican senator introduced the amendment in the constitution
the allowed women to vote in 1877, but the bill was defeated in
the voting sector (Crosby, 2011). Rejection of the women's
rights to vote didn't end in 1887. In 1914, another
constitutional amendment was put across, but the Senate
rejected it. Carrie chapman who was the successor of Susan
Anthony in heading the national woman suffrage association
brought a link between the world war one and the women
suffrage. Even though most of her fellow activists didn't want to
participate in the war, chapman's commitment to hold up the
war and depict the women's enfranchisement movement as
nationalistic. The fruits of the effort were seen in 1918 when
President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed his support to the
women suffrage. In the year 1920, the congress approved the
nineteenth century and granted rights to vote to every citizen
despite the sex. This was a significant victory and the
breakthrough for the women's rights unions. The sale and
importation of alcohol were actively supported by the women's
Christian temperament that had begun in 1873 (Crosby, (2011).
Prohibition gained a lot of support during the consecutive
period. Most temperance leaders were actively involved in the
eradication of anything that had resulted from the
industrialization process. The working class of the society

4. drunk a lot together with the saloons. Due to these anti-saloon
movement begun that received a lot of support from the
Protestants who hated the drinking habit. This later led to a
nationwide eradication of alcohol. This prohibition made the
anti-saloon movement the most powerful in American. The re-
emergence of the Ku Klux Klan after it had been disbanded in
the reconstruction period, the clan became active in1920s
whereby it directed its hatred to the Christian, Jews, and
catholic immigrants (Dionne Danns, & Michelle 2015). Ku Klux
Klan was a ruthless ascendancy organization that started in the
southern state after the end of the war. The members of this
association were against the abolishment of slavery since they
wanted African Americans to live under the subjection of the
whites. The organization revived after the world war and kicked
off again 1920 in the southern state. The members were the
white middle-class activists who based their movement on
religious-based morals (Prince, 2014). They believed they were
the people who were supposed to restore justice in the society.
These people used threats and violence against African
Americans and making sure that African Americans never
acquired any property or wealth, social status, or political
power. In 1915, the "birth of the nation" film was released, and
it was famous among the American audiences (PRIOR, &
BERCAW 2017). Many people and organizations came together
to oppose the KKK movement. American society was educated
about the crimes that were being committed by the Ku Klux
Klan by the civic and religious groups. The public education
conducted by the association of colored people was very
significant in educating the people about the threats from the
KKK clan. This led to the end of the organization in 1920. The
second reconstruction of American is offently referred to as the
period between the end of world war two and the late 1960s
(PRIOR, & BERCAW, 2017). At this time, the nation began to
correct civil and constitutional rights that had been abused in
the previous periods. A civil rights movement that included the
president, courts, and the congress started to accord the African

5. American complete political rights and abolished all the
economic and social restrictions that existed. Besides the
movement taking place when there were some African
Americans in the congress, the significant role towards the end
of discrimination and segregation was played by the everyday
Americans. The pace towards the desegregation resulted from
the executive actions that were taken between 1940 and 1950.
Additionally, a presidential committee that was to keep check of
the civil rights of the African began. This committee pushed the
department of justice to bring to an end, the segregation that
existed in the transport sector (Williamson, 2019). In the late
1960s, the Supreme Court changed the voting landscape where
the African Americans were to be equally represented in the
government. This brought an end to the district discrimination
against the minorities that had existed for a very long time. The
court also abolished the unequal congress representation and
approved the fourteenth amendment on equal representation in
every district. There were other factors that hindered African
Americans in congress from leading and pass first civil rights.
In the 1957 civil rights act, some southern people in the
government slowed and weakened the process through the
amendment process (Brundage, &Gerstle, 2017). However, the
southerners were able to secure the voting rights from the
original language. In the southern state, the blacks were not
allowed to act as judges in the tribunals. This made of the white
people that did wrong things to the African Americans to get
away free. This made Powell let his colleagues that communism
had to be practiced if democracy didn't become more
productive. In 1957 September, the first civil rights act got
implemented (Williamson, 2019). However, this created
division in the justice department in America. Its right to punish
the black voters were weak, as it had been noted earlier by the
commission. The 1964 civil rights act had been brought about
by the various protests that had been championed by Martin
Luther and the Greensboro sit-ins. In 1960 the freedom riders
tried to bring to an end the segregation that existed in the

6. transportation sector (Prince, 2014). The passengers never
managed because they were apprehended at Mississippi. The
police commissioner at Birmingham released police dogs to the
peaceful protestors to prevent them from campaigning against
segregation. The act terrified Americans from all corners of the
continent. The most massive protest was the march to
Washington town that was headed by Martin Luther. This was a
peaceful protest. The demonstrations to Washington aimed to
demand job equality and freedom for African Americans.
During the rally, Luther released his speech known as "I have a
dream" to the public that captured the attention of a lot of
people. The voting rights of the 1965 act made the state come
up with stringent voting rights. This was because of continued
protests by marchers in the south and continued determination
by the president (Brundage, & Gerstle, 2017). All the marchers
who were with by then future representative from Georgia were
ruthlessly battered at the foot of the Selma overpass. The state
troopers gassed most of the praying protestors. This event in
Selma was later addressed by the president, which led to the
passing of the bill that led to the abolishment of all the literacy
tests for five years (Dionne Danns, & Michelle 2015). All the
voting discriminations were brought to an end. Later the bill
made preventing a person from voting was made a confederate
crime. After that, the Africans American representatives spoke
on behalf of the African American people when the bill was
passed. In conclusion, the idea of gender changed after the
reconstruction process in a lot of ways. The African Americans
women were allowed to vote. This was after the voting act that
was passed in the 19th amendment. The women activist also
sprang up; they were advocating for the voting rights of women,
and even after rejection, they continuously filed lawsuits that
they hope that they would reach the Supreme Court at one point.
The Ku Klux Klan reemerged again. The clan was against
equality of blacks, believed that they were supposed to remain
as the subjects of the whites. Reconstruction was the key reason
as to why the African Americans were able to vote and even be

7. represented in the government. Despite the representation in the
government, African Americans were not allowed to act as
judges in the court of law.
References
Brundage, W., Gerstle, G., Holt, T., Jones, M., Noll, M., Petty,
A. . . . Williams, K. (2017). The Future of Reconstruction
Studies. Journal of the Civil War Era,7(1), 7-15. ROSEN, H.
(2017). Teaching Race and Reconstruction. Journal of the Civil
War Era,7(1), 67-95.
Crosby, E. (2011). Civil rights history from the ground up:
Local struggles, a national movement. Athens, Ga: University of
Georgia Press.
Dionne Danns, & Michelle A. Purdy. (2015). Introduction:
Historical Perspectives on African American Education, Civil
Rights, and Black Power. The Journal of African American
History,100(4), 573-585. doi:10.5323/jafriamerhist.100.4.0573
Prince, K. S. (2014). Stories of the South: Race and the
Reconstruction of southern identity, 1865-1915
PRIOR, D., BERCAW, N., BOND, B., BROWN, T., FONER, E.,
TAYLOR, J., & TILLET, S. (2017). Reconstruction in Public
History and Memory Sesquicentennial. Journal of the Civil War
Era,7(1), 96-122.
Williamson, C. (2019). American Suffrage.