The document discusses several studies on the impact of women in legislatures. It notes that while women's participation in government has increased, they still hold less than 20% of seats in the US House and Senate and less than 25% in state legislatures. Some key points made:
- The American electoral system of single-member districts favors incumbents and hinders women's representation.
- Studies found women more likely to support women's issues as their numbers grow, allowing more impact on policy.
- Gender influences voting on women's issues but less so on other issues where party affiliation is a stronger predictor.
- Differences exist between white women and black women in legislatures, such as more cohesive policy
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Everybody has heard about domestic violence. But do you know how common it is? Who is most affected? And whether we are making progress in the national effort to curb partner abuse?
FACT: Over 250 scholarly studies demonstrate that women are as physically aggressive, or more aggressive, than men in their relationships with their spouses or male partners
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Everybody has heard about domestic violence. But do you know how common it is? Who is most affected? And whether we are making progress in the national effort to curb partner abuse?
FACT: Over 250 scholarly studies demonstrate that women are as physically aggressive, or more aggressive, than men in their relationships with their spouses or male partners
This article co-written by Dr. Robert J. Winn which aims to quantify the number of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Philadelphia who report to be victims of domestic violence.
A short presentation. Research proposal on the voting preferences of generation X and Y voters in Metro Manila, Philippines. Qualitative research class.
Mark Hamilton is the leader and founder of the Twelve Visions Party. Based upon Hamilton’s Prime Law, the Twelve Visions Party aims to eliminate the rule of man, ruling classes, and initiatory force. Part of this plan is to disrupt the current two-party system in American politics. Mark Hamilton formed the Twelve Visions Party in 2007 through his Neothink Society.
Presenters: Timothy Servoss, Ph.D. & Jeremy Finn, Ph.D.
From: UB Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, Colloquium Series (November 18, 2015)
More: gse.buffalo.edu/alberticenter
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Security measures are often implemented in schools as a knee-jerk reaction to distant, high-profile instances of violence rather than misbehavior and crime in local settings. But the data show that high levels of security, and some particular security measures, do not always have positive consequences for students.
This presentation is based on an analysis of statewide and national data regarding security measures in American public schools.
The presenters will pose and answer four questions from their research:
1. What is the prevalence of specific security measures in American schools?
2. What kinds of schools have the highest security levels in total, and what schools implement particular security measures (e.g., security cameras, drug surveillance, metal detectors)?
3. Is the overall security level of a school related to feelings of safety in school, the extent of bullying in school, to student victimization, and to the degree of misbehavior and crime in the school?
4. Are there unintended consequences of school security, in particular increased student suspensions and arrests?
This article co-written by Dr. Robert J. Winn which aims to quantify the number of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Philadelphia who report to be victims of domestic violence.
A short presentation. Research proposal on the voting preferences of generation X and Y voters in Metro Manila, Philippines. Qualitative research class.
Mark Hamilton is the leader and founder of the Twelve Visions Party. Based upon Hamilton’s Prime Law, the Twelve Visions Party aims to eliminate the rule of man, ruling classes, and initiatory force. Part of this plan is to disrupt the current two-party system in American politics. Mark Hamilton formed the Twelve Visions Party in 2007 through his Neothink Society.
Presenters: Timothy Servoss, Ph.D. & Jeremy Finn, Ph.D.
From: UB Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, Colloquium Series (November 18, 2015)
More: gse.buffalo.edu/alberticenter
........
Security measures are often implemented in schools as a knee-jerk reaction to distant, high-profile instances of violence rather than misbehavior and crime in local settings. But the data show that high levels of security, and some particular security measures, do not always have positive consequences for students.
This presentation is based on an analysis of statewide and national data regarding security measures in American public schools.
The presenters will pose and answer four questions from their research:
1. What is the prevalence of specific security measures in American schools?
2. What kinds of schools have the highest security levels in total, and what schools implement particular security measures (e.g., security cameras, drug surveillance, metal detectors)?
3. Is the overall security level of a school related to feelings of safety in school, the extent of bullying in school, to student victimization, and to the degree of misbehavior and crime in the school?
4. Are there unintended consequences of school security, in particular increased student suspensions and arrests?
Pakistan and China are not only the atomic powers of the world, but also they have good economic relations. China has invested in many projects in Pakistan, for the development of Pakistan.
National security is a state or condition where our most cherished values and beliefs, our democratic way of life, our institutions of governance and our unity, welfare and well-being as a nation and people are permanently protected and continuously enhanced
Political Activity of Women and Men – the Psychosocial Determinants of Conven...Przegląd Politologiczny
Political activity is a type of social activity displayed by citizens. Observations and research
indicate that gender can be a factor which conditions its degree and forms. Apart from biological gender, which shapes the societal roles of women and men, additional factors that are supposedly responsible for their activities include elements of the system of beliefs (i.e. acknowledged political values,
conviction that political activity has an importance, level of satisfaction with democracy as well as
individualism and collectivism understood as an element of individual’s mentality). The impact of those
factors on degree of conventional political activities among women and men is the subject of surveys
which were conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2014 on a group of 1048 students from Polish universities.
The received results show that differences in political activity between surveyed men and women as
well as varying determinants in both groups are slowly fading away. The most important predictors of
women’s political activity include: conviction of its significance in democracy and (dis)satisfaction
with the way it functions.
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Women in the Legislature
1. POLS 5810 14 March 2013 Libby Anaya
Women in Legislatures
Although women’s participation in government has increased over the past few decades, Dolan et al. state
that as of 2010, women held less than 20% of seats in both the House and the Senate and less that 25% of seats in
state legislatures. They also show that the US is lagging behind other democracies in terms of women’s
participation (Dolan 2011, 228). They argue that this is the result of the American electoral structure, which
favors incumbents and narrow representation from single-member districts. Their argument is supported by the
fact that many European democracies have multi-member districts and far greater representation of women in
their governments. Finally, they discuss the impact of women within legislatures, focusing on policy choices,
specifically with regards to children and family as well as any constituent-driven policy goals.
Thomas and Welch (1991) also noted many of these ideas in their work, focusing on state legislatures.
They focused their attention on how the growing number on women in legislatures has impacted the behavior of
women in politics. The study was based on self-reported data by legislators in 12 states, who were asked about
their policy preferences and priorities as elected officials and about their individual participation at each level of
policy making. As with all research that utilizes self-reporting, the data must be interpreted with the
understanding that this form of research is subject to errors due to the fact that people are motivated to respond
falsely. Even so, Thomas and Welch found support for their hypothesis that women are more likely to support
women’s issues now that they were 15 years ago, with the explanation that due to growing numbers, they are
more able to impact policy. In addition, they find that women and men are very similar in their levels of
participation. There were significant gender differences when it came to committee membership, but Thomas and
Welch discuss that this is not due to discriminative assignments, but based on women’s interests and priority
issue areas, thus supporting their hypothesis.
Michele Swers (1998) also focuses her research on the impact of women on policy making. More
specifically, she tests the hypothesis that a growing number of women in the US Congress has led to more
support of women’s issues. Swers bases her research on voting records of members of the House of
Representatives. She accounts for influences that might contribute to voting behavior, such as party identification
2. POLS 5810 14 March 2013 Libby Anaya
and other personal characteristics. The results of the study show that gender is an important factor when the
policy in question is considered to be a woman’s issue. Other research has shown that the most accurate way to
predict voting behavior in Congress is party, and Swers’ results support this finding in general, as she shows that
when issues areas outside the realm of women’s issues are considered, gender does not influence behavior to the
same extent. Sarah Poggione (2005) also addresses gender influence, but argues that due to the fact that
researchers must also account for the preferences of the representative’s constituents and the extent to which
gender influences a legislator. She finds some support for these external variables, but also finds support for
previous literature which chows that women tend to be more liberal in their legislating than men.
Barrett (1995) focuses on state legislatures; however she adds the variable of race. Barrett finds that there
are differences that exist between white women and African American women in state legislatures. For example,
she discusses the fact that the policy preferences of African American women in politics are much more cohesive
than those of white women. Barrett’s theory cites research that has focused on differences between the policy
preferences of white men versus African American men in legislature. Barrett’s sample consisted of the 106 black
women serving in state legislatures in 1992. This sample is problematic for a number of reasons. First, all of the
women were Democrats. Swers (1998) and others have shown the importance of partisanship over gender on
many issues, so Barrett’s inability to account for party ID is troublesome. In addition to this, the legislatures with
black women serving during this time were concentrated in specific areas of the country- a factor that might also
influence policy preferences.
In general, the unifying theme of these writings is that gender does influence policy making. Whether this
is in regards to participation levels in committee, leadership, policy preferences, authoring legislation, voting, or
constituent work, the influence of gender on women in legislatures impacts the amount and quality of women’s
issue legislation, both on the state and national level. Dolan et al. cited Jeannette Rankin in their writing with a
statement about the dismal amount of funding for studying needs of children in the US compared with other
issues like agriculture, or more specifically “hog fodder” (Dolan 2011, 234). The changes that have occurred with
regards to education, welfare and health care in the past few decades are the result of the growing number of
women in legislature, who understand the needs of children and families.