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WOMEN’S
EMPOWERMENT
INDEX (WEI)
©
Luxi Hong
2015/05/14
What is Empowerment?
Why WEI?
One of THP’s 12 principles.
“Start by empowering women as key change agents.”
Research theories
"Self-Reliance”
Available data
Goal of WEI
The goal of WEI, as an M&E tool, is to measure the status of
women’s empowerment in THP target communities over time.
Women’s Empowerment
in Agriculture Index
(WEAI)
WEAI =
(0.90 × 5𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷) + (0.10 × 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺)
WEAI = (0.90 × 5DE) + (0.10 × GPI)
Domain Indicator Weight
Production Decision-
making
Input in productive decisions 1/10
Autonomy in production 1/10
Access to Productive
Resources
Ownership of assets 1/15
Purchase, sale, or transfer
of assets
1/15
Access to and decisions
on credit
1/15
Control over
Use of Income
Control over use of income 1/5
Community
Leadership
Group member 1/10
Speaking in public 1/10
Time Allocation
Workload 1/10
Leisure 1/10
A woman who
has achieved
‘adequacy’ in
80% or more
of the
weighted
indicators is
empowered.
5 Domains of Empowerment in WEAI
WEAI = (0.90 × 5DE) + (0.10 × GPI)
The gender parity index (GPI) measures women’s
empowerment relative to that of men by comparing the
5DE profiles of women and men in the same households.
GPI reflects:
1. The percentage of women who enjoy gender parity. A
woman enjoys gender parity if
- she is empowered;
- if her empowerment score is equal to or greater than
the empowerment score of the primary male in her
household.
2. The empowerment gap: the average percentage
shortfall that a woman without parity experiences relative
to the male in her household.
Gender Parity Index (GPI) in WEIA
• He is the percentage of
empowered women
• Hd is the percentage of
disempowered women
• Ae is the average absolute
empowerment score
among the disempowered
• HGPI is the percentage of
gender parity-
inadequate households
• IGPI is the average
empowerment gap
between women and
men living in households
that lack gender parity.
5 DE= He + Hd × Ae GPI = 1 – HGPI × IGPI
WEAI = (0.90 × 5DE) + (0.10 × GPI)
WEI =
∑𝑖𝑖=1
11
[(0.60 × 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑖 + 0.40 × 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖) × 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖]
Women Achievement Ratio (WAR)
Domain Indicator Weight Target
Agency
(20%)
Community Decision Making 7 75%
Household Decision Making 7 75%
Spousal Abuse is Unacceptable 6 100%
Income
(20%)
Owning and Operating Businesses 10 22%
Access to Financial Service 10 35%
Leadership
(20%)
Membership in Community Organization 10 40%
Speaking in Public 10 75%
Resources
(20%)
Literacy Rate 10 50%
Prenatal Care 10 100%
Time (20%)
Time Spent on Gathering Cooking Fuel 10 55%
Division of Domestic Tasks 10 50%
WAR=
Score from Survey
Target
Indicator Score = [(0.60 × WAR) + (0.40 × GPR)] × weight
Gender Parity Ratio (GPR)
GPR=
Women Score
Men Score
Indicator Score = [(0.60 × WAR) + (0.40 × GPR)] × weight
1WAR
WEI = ∑𝑖𝑖=1
11
[(0.60 × 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑖 + 0.40 × 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖) × 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖])
GPR
Domain Indicator Weight Target Gender
Score from
Survey
WAR GPR WEI
Agency (20%)
Community Decision Making 7 75%
Women 60.2%
0.80 0.85 5.75
Men 51.2%
Household Decision Making 7 75%
Women 52.8%
0.70 0.92 5.54
Men 48.8%
Spousal Abuse is Unacceptable 6 100%
Women 96.9%
0.97 0.95 5.76
Men 91.6%
Income (20%)
Owning and Operating Businesses 10 22%
Women 30.7%
1.40 2.01 10.00
Men 15.3%
Access to Financial Service 10 35%
Women 30.7%
0.88 0.86 8.71
Men 35.7%
Leadership
(20%)
Membership in Community
Organization
10 40%
Women 30.7%
0.77 0.84 7.97
Men 36.5%
Speaking in Public 10 75%
Women 69.9%
0.93 0.75 8.61
Men 92.9%
Resources
(20%)
Literacy Rate 10 50%
Women 37.5%
0.75 0.52 6.60
Men 71.6%
Prenatal Care 10 100% Women 90.6% 0.91 1.00 9.44
Time (20%)
Time Spent on Gathering Cooking
Fuel
10 55% Women 15.7% 0.29 1.00 5.71
Division of Domestic Tasks 10 50%
Women 76.1%
0.48 0.22 3.74
Men 16.5%
TOTAL 100 77.82
Atuobikrom_Ghana
Domain Indicator Weight Target Gender
Score from
Survey
WAR GPR WEI
Income
(20%)
Access to Financial
Service
10 35%
Women 30.7%
0.88 0.86 8.71
Men 35.7%
Leadership
(20%)
Speaking in Public 10 75%
Women 69.9%
0.93 0.75 8.61
Men 92.9%
Resources
(20%)
Literacy Rate 10 50%
Women 37.5%
0.75 0.52 6.60
Men 71.6%
=37.5%/50% =37.5%/71.6%
=[(0.60×0.75)+(0.40×0.52)] × 10
Indicator Score =
[(0.60 × WAR) + (0.40 × GPR)] × weight
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Community
Responsibility
Household
Decision
Spousal abuse Business Financial Service Community
Membership
Speaking in
Public
Literacy Prenatal Care Cooking fuel Domestic tasks
Comparison between Women and Men: Atuobikrom_Ghana
Women Men Target
AGENCY
22%
INCOME
24%LEADERSHIP
21%
RESOURCES
21%
TIME
12%
Contribution of five Domains: Atuobikrom_Ghana
AGENCY INCOME LEADERSHIP RESOURCES TIME
Gap Analysis
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Agency Income Leadership Resources Time
Domain Gap Analysis
Score Target
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
WEI of 20 Epicenters in Africa
Strong Correlation
• PPI (-0.68)
• Secondary School Enrollment (0.72)
• and Women's Dietary Diversity (0.70)
Next Steps
• More research on women empowerment
• More calculation and more validation
• More correlation analysis
• Adding questions Household Survey specifically targeting on WEI
Questions?

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Women Empowerment Index Final Presentation-1

  • 3. Why WEI? One of THP’s 12 principles. “Start by empowering women as key change agents.” Research theories "Self-Reliance” Available data
  • 4. Goal of WEI The goal of WEI, as an M&E tool, is to measure the status of women’s empowerment in THP target communities over time.
  • 6. WEAI = (0.90 × 5𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷) + (0.10 × 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺)
  • 7. WEAI = (0.90 × 5DE) + (0.10 × GPI) Domain Indicator Weight Production Decision- making Input in productive decisions 1/10 Autonomy in production 1/10 Access to Productive Resources Ownership of assets 1/15 Purchase, sale, or transfer of assets 1/15 Access to and decisions on credit 1/15 Control over Use of Income Control over use of income 1/5 Community Leadership Group member 1/10 Speaking in public 1/10 Time Allocation Workload 1/10 Leisure 1/10 A woman who has achieved ‘adequacy’ in 80% or more of the weighted indicators is empowered. 5 Domains of Empowerment in WEAI
  • 8. WEAI = (0.90 × 5DE) + (0.10 × GPI) The gender parity index (GPI) measures women’s empowerment relative to that of men by comparing the 5DE profiles of women and men in the same households. GPI reflects: 1. The percentage of women who enjoy gender parity. A woman enjoys gender parity if - she is empowered; - if her empowerment score is equal to or greater than the empowerment score of the primary male in her household. 2. The empowerment gap: the average percentage shortfall that a woman without parity experiences relative to the male in her household. Gender Parity Index (GPI) in WEIA
  • 9. • He is the percentage of empowered women • Hd is the percentage of disempowered women • Ae is the average absolute empowerment score among the disempowered • HGPI is the percentage of gender parity- inadequate households • IGPI is the average empowerment gap between women and men living in households that lack gender parity. 5 DE= He + Hd × Ae GPI = 1 – HGPI × IGPI WEAI = (0.90 × 5DE) + (0.10 × GPI)
  • 10. WEI = ∑𝑖𝑖=1 11 [(0.60 × 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑖 + 0.40 × 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖) × 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖]
  • 11. Women Achievement Ratio (WAR) Domain Indicator Weight Target Agency (20%) Community Decision Making 7 75% Household Decision Making 7 75% Spousal Abuse is Unacceptable 6 100% Income (20%) Owning and Operating Businesses 10 22% Access to Financial Service 10 35% Leadership (20%) Membership in Community Organization 10 40% Speaking in Public 10 75% Resources (20%) Literacy Rate 10 50% Prenatal Care 10 100% Time (20%) Time Spent on Gathering Cooking Fuel 10 55% Division of Domestic Tasks 10 50% WAR= Score from Survey Target Indicator Score = [(0.60 × WAR) + (0.40 × GPR)] × weight
  • 12. Gender Parity Ratio (GPR) GPR= Women Score Men Score Indicator Score = [(0.60 × WAR) + (0.40 × GPR)] × weight
  • 13. 1WAR WEI = ∑𝑖𝑖=1 11 [(0.60 × 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑖 + 0.40 × 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖) × 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖]) GPR
  • 14. Domain Indicator Weight Target Gender Score from Survey WAR GPR WEI Agency (20%) Community Decision Making 7 75% Women 60.2% 0.80 0.85 5.75 Men 51.2% Household Decision Making 7 75% Women 52.8% 0.70 0.92 5.54 Men 48.8% Spousal Abuse is Unacceptable 6 100% Women 96.9% 0.97 0.95 5.76 Men 91.6% Income (20%) Owning and Operating Businesses 10 22% Women 30.7% 1.40 2.01 10.00 Men 15.3% Access to Financial Service 10 35% Women 30.7% 0.88 0.86 8.71 Men 35.7% Leadership (20%) Membership in Community Organization 10 40% Women 30.7% 0.77 0.84 7.97 Men 36.5% Speaking in Public 10 75% Women 69.9% 0.93 0.75 8.61 Men 92.9% Resources (20%) Literacy Rate 10 50% Women 37.5% 0.75 0.52 6.60 Men 71.6% Prenatal Care 10 100% Women 90.6% 0.91 1.00 9.44 Time (20%) Time Spent on Gathering Cooking Fuel 10 55% Women 15.7% 0.29 1.00 5.71 Division of Domestic Tasks 10 50% Women 76.1% 0.48 0.22 3.74 Men 16.5% TOTAL 100 77.82 Atuobikrom_Ghana
  • 15. Domain Indicator Weight Target Gender Score from Survey WAR GPR WEI Income (20%) Access to Financial Service 10 35% Women 30.7% 0.88 0.86 8.71 Men 35.7% Leadership (20%) Speaking in Public 10 75% Women 69.9% 0.93 0.75 8.61 Men 92.9% Resources (20%) Literacy Rate 10 50% Women 37.5% 0.75 0.52 6.60 Men 71.6% =37.5%/50% =37.5%/71.6% =[(0.60×0.75)+(0.40×0.52)] × 10 Indicator Score = [(0.60 × WAR) + (0.40 × GPR)] × weight
  • 16. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Community Responsibility Household Decision Spousal abuse Business Financial Service Community Membership Speaking in Public Literacy Prenatal Care Cooking fuel Domestic tasks Comparison between Women and Men: Atuobikrom_Ghana Women Men Target
  • 17. AGENCY 22% INCOME 24%LEADERSHIP 21% RESOURCES 21% TIME 12% Contribution of five Domains: Atuobikrom_Ghana AGENCY INCOME LEADERSHIP RESOURCES TIME
  • 18. Gap Analysis 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Agency Income Leadership Resources Time Domain Gap Analysis Score Target
  • 20. Strong Correlation • PPI (-0.68) • Secondary School Enrollment (0.72) • and Women's Dietary Diversity (0.70)
  • 21. Next Steps • More research on women empowerment • More calculation and more validation • More correlation analysis • Adding questions Household Survey specifically targeting on WEI