This document discusses three important women in Italian politics:
Anna Maria Mozzoni, who founded the Italian women's movement in the late 1800s and campaigned for women's suffrage and law reform;
Lina Merlin, who fought for women's and children's rights in the 1900s and passed a landmark law abolishing regulated prostitution;
And Nilde Iotti, who was the first woman to serve as Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies from 1979 to 1992.
Presentation about main characteristics of Italy:politics,language and main problems.A sinthetic descriptions is provided also for some of the main characters of italian history.
Presentation about main characteristics of Italy:politics,language and main problems.A sinthetic descriptions is provided also for some of the main characters of italian history.
What is FascismFascism is a new type of mass, right-wing politilorileemcclatchie
What is Fascism
“Fascism is a new type of mass, right-wing political movement created by Benito Mussolini in 1919, who ruled Italy between 1922 and 1943” (Shubert, Goldstein, 2012).
Discuss the role of fascism in the interwar period/What were the driving forces that accounted for the rise of fascism during the interwar period in Europe
Fascism started in 1919 in Italy by a man named Benito Mussolini. Between 1918 and 1920 Italy was given the nick name the two red years. Mussolini held this position in power until 1943. “Italy’s Fascist regime ended on 25 July 1943, when Benito Mussolini was arrested on order of the king, Victor Emmanuel III” (Foot, 2018).
This is because there were working class protests, factory sit-ins, and peasant discontent. Many Italians feared there would end up being a revolution if things did not get fixed. Mussolini then came up and he had been leading the PSI party until he was kicked out in 1914. That is when he organized a fascist group which soon took rein in Italy. This group challenged many traditional ways such as socialism, communism, and strikers. By the year 1922 the fascist groups had silenced most of these groups and many feel these groups saved the country.
What characteristics distinguished fascist states from merely authoritarian regimes
There are many different characteristics to fascism and those can be nationalism, and that is because fascism supports a very strong liking to patriotism and countries providing for themselves. Other characteristics are lack of recognition of human rights, supremacy for military, uncontrolled sexism, intertwined government and religion, and controlled mass media. In fascism the government’s power is unlimited and is used to control public and private life. This include political, financial, morals, and beliefs. In authoritarianism there is a strong central government, but it allows its citizens a small limited amount of freedom.
Why did the average person allow fascism to take hold
In many cases after the war nationalism started to take effect on most countries. Italy was on the verge of collapse due to many different things such as factory sit-ins and working-class protests. Many feared that Italy was about to have a revolution by the working-class like Russia had done just years before. Therefore, Mussolini used this to his advantage and many Italians felts like this was the way to restore and expand Italian territories. This was their way of being superior leaders to the rest of the world and gain power and rein back to what they had prewar. Many also allowed this to happen because they were scared Italy was going to be over taken by a stronger power and they didn’t want it to decay under the hands of another country. They also hoped it would help resolve class conflict between employer and employee.
Foot, J. (2018). Forgetting Fascism. History Today, 68(8), 8–11. Retrieved from
http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true& ...
2. ANNA MARIA MOZZONI (1837-1920)
Anna Maria Mozzoni was the founder of the Italian women's
movement and a prominent campaigner for women’s suffrage and
law reform.
For her, law reforms and women’s suffrage were key points to
overthrow what she labelled as the “domestic monarchy”, or the
tyranny of men over women, both in the family and society.
She struggled for women’s suffrage, presenting petitions to
Parliament as early as 1877.
Her radical egalitarianism influenced the emerging women’s
movement in Italy in the 1890s. Her work earned her the right to
represent Italy at the International Congress of Women's Rights in
Paris in 1878.
From1866 she was a tireless advocate for women’s education, and
in 1881 she founded the League for the Promotion of the Interests of
Women in Milan, to stimulate women's consciousness of their
rights.
3. LINA MERLIN (1887-1979)
Lina Merlin was one of the most important Italian women in the
past century. She worked for women as well as for children’s
rights. She collaborated with the socialist MP Giacomo Matteotti,
who reported the violence of the fascist squads in Padua.
She fought as a partisan during the Second World War. In 1945,
she was appointed Commissioner for Education in Lombardy.
In February 1958, the Italian Parliament enacted Law No.
75/1958 or the Law on the Abolition of the Regulation of
Prostitution and the Fight Against the Exploitation of the
Prostitution of Others. Widely called the ‘Merlin’ law, it came
into force six months later.
Thanks to her, the Italian Parliament enacted other important
laws: the abolition of the infamous words "son of NN“ from the
IDs of foundlings (October 1955); the equality of illegitimate and
legitimate children in tax matters; the elimination of the
difference between adopted and natural children; the so-called
"party clause" in contracts of employment, which required the
dismissal of married women (Law no. 7 of 9 January 1963).
4. NILDE IOTTI (1920-1999)
Nilde Iotti was an Italian politician from the
Communist Party. She was the first woman Speaker
of the Chamber of Deputies for three consecutive
terms from 1979 to 1992.
In1946, she was a member of the Constituent
Assembly, and one of the 75 members of the
Committee entrusted with the drafting of the Italian
Republican Constitution.
In April 1948 she was elected on the ticket of the
Italian Communist Party (PCI) to the Chamber of
Deputies, of which she was a member until 1999.
In 1979, she was appointed Speaker of the Lower
House of Parliament. She was popular and respected
as a Speaker, and was confirmed for two more terms.
She was the closest PCI member, and the first
woman, to become Prime Minister in Italy.