This document discusses extracting Windows logon passwords from memory dumps. It begins by explaining how passwords were traditionally extracted from files like SAM and SECURITY using NTLM hashes. It then describes how Mimikatz can extract plaintext passwords using the Windows authentication package Wdigest. The document details the process Mimikatz uses on live systems and shows how to replicate this on a memory dump - finding the processes, dumping relevant DLLs like Wdigest and Lsasrv, and using structures and functions to decrypt passwords stored in memory.
This document provides instructions for setting up a new Microsoft Signature PC in 9 steps. It includes creating a user name and password, accepting agreements, setting the date/time and location, connecting to WiFi, and allowing Windows 7 setup to complete. It also guides the user to set up a Windows Live ID for accessing email, sharing files, and using Windows Live services. An overview describes the security, media, and sharing features included, such as Microsoft Security Essentials, Windows Media Center, Internet Explorer 9, and Zune software. Contact information and space for the user to write login credentials is provided at the end.
How to hack windows 8 or 8.1 password using command prompt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTnqahgBQQg
1. Friend s Welcome! How to hack windows administrator password using command prompt
Hack windows xp, 7, 8 passwords in plain text (with proof)Deepak Modi
This document provides instructions for extracting passwords from Windows XP, 7, and 8 systems in plain text format using a tool called Mimikatz. It involves extracting a RAR file with Mimikatz, navigating to the correct folder based on system bitness, running Mimikatz as Administrator, enabling debug privileges, and using Mimikatz to dump logon passwords in plain text. The document notes this should only be used for educational purposes.
The document provides several methods for bypassing or removing a BIOS password:
1. Removing the CMOS battery to reset BIOS settings and clear the password.
2. Using password cracking software like !BIOS to decrypt passwords for common BIOS manufacturers.
3. Trying backdoor passwords built into some BIOS versions by manufacturers for their technicians. These may allow accessing the BIOS without knowing the set password.
This document provides information about various hacking techniques such as:
1. Using virtual operating systems and VMware Workstation software to discover system vulnerabilities.
2. Methods for accessing restricted folders using CACLS commands and changing access control lists.
3. Techniques for hiding files like hiding text in images using the COPY command and hiding disk volumes using DISKPART commands.
4. Details on phishing, keyloggers, SQL injection attacks, creating fake emails, and viewing live CCTV footage through Google searches.
This is presentation on password security delivered at security conference at IIT Guwahti, India.
It discusses and throws light on following areas
Part I - Operating System, Cryptography & Password Recovery
Part II - Password Cracking/Recovery Techniques
Part III – Advanced Password Stealing Methods
Part IV - Why they are after you and Tips for Protection !
Windows 2000 has a more robust security architecture compared to earlier Windows versions like Windows 3.x and 9x. It uses security mechanisms like domains, domain controllers, and encryption to authenticate users and protect resources. The security reference monitor controls access to files and directories based on permissions and logs security events. Windows 2000 introduced concepts of domains, trees, and forests to facilitate sharing of resources across linked organizations. It also strengthened password security compared to earlier versions.
This document provides instructions for setting up a new Microsoft Signature PC in 9 steps. It includes creating a user name and password, accepting agreements, setting the date/time and location, connecting to WiFi, and allowing Windows 7 setup to complete. It also guides the user to set up a Windows Live ID for accessing email, sharing files, and using Windows Live services. An overview describes the security, media, and sharing features included, such as Microsoft Security Essentials, Windows Media Center, Internet Explorer 9, and Zune software. Contact information and space for the user to write login credentials is provided at the end.
How to hack windows 8 or 8.1 password using command prompt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTnqahgBQQg
1. Friend s Welcome! How to hack windows administrator password using command prompt
Hack windows xp, 7, 8 passwords in plain text (with proof)Deepak Modi
This document provides instructions for extracting passwords from Windows XP, 7, and 8 systems in plain text format using a tool called Mimikatz. It involves extracting a RAR file with Mimikatz, navigating to the correct folder based on system bitness, running Mimikatz as Administrator, enabling debug privileges, and using Mimikatz to dump logon passwords in plain text. The document notes this should only be used for educational purposes.
The document provides several methods for bypassing or removing a BIOS password:
1. Removing the CMOS battery to reset BIOS settings and clear the password.
2. Using password cracking software like !BIOS to decrypt passwords for common BIOS manufacturers.
3. Trying backdoor passwords built into some BIOS versions by manufacturers for their technicians. These may allow accessing the BIOS without knowing the set password.
This document provides information about various hacking techniques such as:
1. Using virtual operating systems and VMware Workstation software to discover system vulnerabilities.
2. Methods for accessing restricted folders using CACLS commands and changing access control lists.
3. Techniques for hiding files like hiding text in images using the COPY command and hiding disk volumes using DISKPART commands.
4. Details on phishing, keyloggers, SQL injection attacks, creating fake emails, and viewing live CCTV footage through Google searches.
This is presentation on password security delivered at security conference at IIT Guwahti, India.
It discusses and throws light on following areas
Part I - Operating System, Cryptography & Password Recovery
Part II - Password Cracking/Recovery Techniques
Part III – Advanced Password Stealing Methods
Part IV - Why they are after you and Tips for Protection !
Windows 2000 has a more robust security architecture compared to earlier Windows versions like Windows 3.x and 9x. It uses security mechanisms like domains, domain controllers, and encryption to authenticate users and protect resources. The security reference monitor controls access to files and directories based on permissions and logs security events. Windows 2000 introduced concepts of domains, trees, and forests to facilitate sharing of resources across linked organizations. It also strengthened password security compared to earlier versions.
Reset Forgotten Admin Password on Windows Server 2008windowspassword
Here is the step-by-step guide on how to reset forgotten passwords for both local administrator and domain administrator on Windows Server 2008. It can also unlock your locked or disabled user account.
This document provides an overview and comparison of Microsoft's data protection solutions: BitLocker Drive Encryption (BDE), Encrypting File System (EFS), and Rights Management Services (RMS). BDE encrypts the entire hard drive to protect data when a device is lost or stolen. EFS encrypts individual files and folders on a system and when files are shared remotely. RMS allows document owners to control usage rights and enforce policies when content is distributed externally.
A Survey on Assured deletion and Access ControlAM Publications
The document summarizes security issues related to assured deletion and access control for outsourced data stored in cloud storage. It discusses Perlman's concept of assured deletion using time-based expiration of files. It also discusses the Vanish system which uses threshold secret sharing to allow self-destructing of data objects after a predefined time period. For access control, it covers Wang's approach using key derivation hierarchies and attribute-based encryption, where ciphertexts are labeled with attributes and user keys are associated with access policies controlling which ciphertexts can be decrypted.
This document describes how to create a USB drive that can extract passwords stored on computers without the user's knowledge. It recommends downloading 6 password extraction tools and copying their executable files to the USB drive along with an autorun.inf file and launch.bat file. When the USB drive is inserted into a target computer, it will run the password extraction tools in the background and save recovered passwords from browsers, email clients, and messengers to text files on the drive. This allows stealing passwords from any computer the USB drive is used on.
This document discusses techniques for ethical hacking, including:
1. Cracking passwords on a Windows Server 2003 system by importing hashes and using brute force attacks to reveal the passwords for users "admin" and "duy".
2. Escalating privileges on the system by adding a user to the Administrators group using the "net localgroup" command after exploiting a boot option vulnerability.
3. Scanning the target system using Nessus and Retina to identify vulnerabilities like a Microsoft Windows RPC exploit, and then using Metasploit to remotely create a new user account on the victim system.
4. Hiding files on the target system by binding multiple files like "data.txt" and
1) The document provides a quick start guide for using the SanDisk SecureAccess software and Dmailer Online backup service. It outlines how to set up a private encrypted vault on a SanDisk USB drive to store and protect files.
2) It describes how to add files to the vault by dragging and dropping or manually selecting them. It also explains how to access the backed up files online through Dmailer Online.
3) Dmailer Online allows users to easily back up and access their files online from any computer for added protection against data loss or theft. The guide outlines how to set up an account and configure backup settings.
An inconvenient truth: Evading the Ransomware Protection in windows 10 @ LeHackSoya Aoyama
How many sites do you use? Is the password long enough and secure? Do not tell me you reused it.
Unfortunately, we have not a memory good enough to remember so many passwords long and secure.
For this reason, there are several companies providing password management applications. However, are they really secure?
I have executed a man-in-the-middle attack against a certain password management application.
Surprisingly, the password was exchanged in plain text between .exe and .dll, and it was very easy to steal it.
The program I created is generic and, under certain conditions, can steal information between all .exe and .dll in Windows.
In this talk, I will demonstrate the actual attack, and provide technical explanations to enable this attack. And finally, I suggest ways to protect other apps from this attack.
A Critical Analysis of Microsoft Data Protection SolutionsJohn Rhoton
This document provides an overview and analysis of three Microsoft data protection solutions: BitLocker Drive Encryption (BDE), Encrypting File System (EFS), and Rights Management Services (RMS). BDE encrypts the entire hard drive to protect data from offline attacks. EFS encrypts individual files and folders on a system or shared network drive. RMS allows users to control access to documents and emails through usage policies enforced by a server.
The document discusses the OS Credential Dumping technique used by attackers to obtain login and password information from the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) process memory. It describes three main methods attackers use - dumping LSASS memory using Windows Task Manager, ProcDump tool, or Comsvcs.dll. Detection rules are provided to monitor for these activities in Splunk, including monitoring for dumping files, ProcDump and Comsvcs.dll execution, and LSASS process access. Finally, it mentions attackers can use Mimikatz to extract passwords from the dumped LSASS memory files.
Wi-Fi password stealing program using USB rubber duckyTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A minute is all it takes for a hacker to gain informations from your computer, such as Wi-Fi password. Due to the limited capability of people to remember a lot of complex and unique password, people tend to use the same password for most of their account. This paper aimed to implement Wi-Fi password stealing program in USB Rubber Ducky using USB Rubber Ducky Scripting, Visual Basic Script, Web Server, Command Prompt, and Ducky Toolkit to obtain clear text Wi-Fi password that ever connected to the computer. In the testing phase, the success rate of Wi-Fi password stealing program reached 94.28% with 87.87% obtained personal password is still categorized as guessable password and the password reuse rate reached 81.81%. Thus, Wi-Fi password stealing program can be very dangerous as most of the personal password was used in lots of account and still categorized as guessable.
The document describes a technique for hiding malicious code within digitally signed executables in order to bypass security solutions. It does this by storing malicious code in the certificate table of signed files, which does not invalidate the digital signature. It also uses reflective loading to execute the malicious code from memory without detection. This allows malicious code to remain hidden on disk and during execution from current security solutions.
Certificate bypass: Hiding and executing malware from a digitally signed exec...Priyanka Aash
Malware developers are constantly looking for new ways to evade the detection and prevention capabilities of security solutions. In recent years, we have seen many different tools, such as packers and new encryption techniques, help malware reach this goal of hiding the malicious code. If the security solution cannot unpack the compressed or encrypted malicious content (or at least unpack it dynamically), then the security solution will not be able to identify that it is facing malware. To further complicate the matter, we present a new technique for hiding malware (encrypted and unencrypted) inside a digitally signed file (while still keeping the file with a valid certificate) and executing it from the memory, using a benign executable (which acts as a reflective EXE loader, written from scratch). Our research demonstrates our Certificate Bypass tool and the Reflective EXE Loader. During the presentation, we will focus on the research we conducted on the PE file structure. We will take a closer look at the certificate table and how we can inject data to the table without damaging the certificate itself (the file will still look and be treated as a valid digitally signed file). We will examine the tool we wrote to execute PE files from memory (without writing them to the disk). We will cover the relevant fields in the PE structure, as well as the steps required to run a PE file directly from the memory without requiring any files on disk. Last, we will conclude the demonstration with a live example and show how we bypass security solutions based on the way they look at the certificate table.
(Source: Black Hat USA 2016, Las Vegas)
Lab Exercise: IBM Blockchain runs also on LinuxONE, see it in action!Anderson Bassani
This laboratory covers a Blockchain implementation running on an IBM LinuxONE Server. Second, you will learn how to deploy a Hyperledger Fabric using Dockers Containers. Originally presented at IBM Systems Technical University, Sao Paulo, Atibaia, 2016.
ClouDoc is a Document Centralization Solution.
It rejects filw writes to local disk and provide windows drive I/F for server files.
You can protect CAD files, Office files, Source Codes from employees and malicious codes.
Seizing Electronic Evidence & Best Practices – Secret ServiceGol D Roger
This document provides guidance on properly seizing electronic evidence from a crime scene. It emphasizes the importance of planning, documenting every step with photos and logs, and separating hardware from networks to preserve volatile data. Key steps include: securing the location, photographing everything in detail before collection, using tags and logs to maintain a chain of custody, and being aware of potential legal liabilities from disrupting business data. The goal is to collect all potential digital evidence while ensuring its integrity and admissibility in court.
Forensic artifacts in modern linux systemsGol D Roger
This document provides an overview of a workshop on forensic artifacts in modern Linux systems. It will cover topics such as partitions and filesystems, boot loaders, the Linux file system layout, systemd configuration for services and scheduled tasks, installed software and packages, log files and the systemd journal. The workshop format will involve both presentations and demonstrations of analyzing disk images and artifacts. It is aimed at forensic investigators and showing what can be discovered from compromised, criminal, or seized Linux systems.
Cybercrimeandforensic 120828021931-phpapp02Gol D Roger
This case study describes a large-scale international cybercrime gang that was busted in Chennai, India. The gang was involved in hacking ATMs using stolen credit card numbers and PINs acquired through phishing. A key member of the gang, Deepak Prem Manwani, was arrested in Chennai while hacking an ATM there. An investigation revealed that the gang had set up fake websites to phish credit card details and PINs from millions of subscribers. They then sold this stolen data to people like Manwani, who used it to hack ATMs. Manwani had hacked ATMs in Mumbai as well. The FBI was already investigating the gang based on complaints from victims in the US. Man
This document discusses file system management in operating systems. It covers file concepts including data types, attributes, and structures. It also describes directory structures from single-level to tree and graph structures. Additionally, it discusses access methods, file system mounting, file sharing, and protection. Key topics include file operations, sequential and direct access, tree-structured directories with absolute and relative path names, mount points, and access control lists with read/write/execute permissions for owners, groups and the public.
This document discusses various aspects of file system implementation in operating systems. It covers file system structures, directory implementation methods, allocation techniques like contiguous, linked and indexed allocation, free space management using bitmaps and linked lists, performance optimization using caching, and recovery methods like journaling. It also describes network file systems like NFS, which allow remote access to files across networked machines in a transparent manner using client-server architecture and remote procedure calls.
This document discusses network forensics and provides an overview of the deep web. It begins by reviewing the surface web and how search engines index its contents. It then explains that the deep web consists of content that is not indexed by traditional search engines, including dynamic web pages, unlinked pages, private sites requiring login, and sites with crawling restrictions. Reasons content may not be found include limitations of web crawlers as well as restrictions set by site owners or search engines themselves.
This document discusses Windows forensics and provides details on the Windows boot sequence. It describes the six phases of the Windows boot process: 1) Power-On Self Test, 2) Initial Startup, 3) Boot Loader, 4) Hardware Detection and Configuration, 5) Kernel Loading, and 6) User Logon. Key Windows data structures like the NTFS file system, Windows Registry, and Windows Event Log are also summarized. The document outlines where forensic analysts can find artifacts of user activities on a Windows system, such as in volatile memory, hidden files, slack space, and the Windows Search index.
This document provides an overview of email forensics techniques and tools used in network forensics investigations. It discusses the typical architecture of email systems and protocols like SMTP, POP, and IMAP. Key points covered include email headers, the information contained in Received headers, and how an email travels from sender to recipient through various mail servers. Spoofing emails is also briefly explained. The document aims to introduce investigators to analyzing email evidence at different layers of the network and tools needed for forensic analysis of email messages and server logs.
More Related Content
Similar to Windows logon password – get windows logon password using wdigest in memory dump forensic focus articles
Reset Forgotten Admin Password on Windows Server 2008windowspassword
Here is the step-by-step guide on how to reset forgotten passwords for both local administrator and domain administrator on Windows Server 2008. It can also unlock your locked or disabled user account.
This document provides an overview and comparison of Microsoft's data protection solutions: BitLocker Drive Encryption (BDE), Encrypting File System (EFS), and Rights Management Services (RMS). BDE encrypts the entire hard drive to protect data when a device is lost or stolen. EFS encrypts individual files and folders on a system and when files are shared remotely. RMS allows document owners to control usage rights and enforce policies when content is distributed externally.
A Survey on Assured deletion and Access ControlAM Publications
The document summarizes security issues related to assured deletion and access control for outsourced data stored in cloud storage. It discusses Perlman's concept of assured deletion using time-based expiration of files. It also discusses the Vanish system which uses threshold secret sharing to allow self-destructing of data objects after a predefined time period. For access control, it covers Wang's approach using key derivation hierarchies and attribute-based encryption, where ciphertexts are labeled with attributes and user keys are associated with access policies controlling which ciphertexts can be decrypted.
This document describes how to create a USB drive that can extract passwords stored on computers without the user's knowledge. It recommends downloading 6 password extraction tools and copying their executable files to the USB drive along with an autorun.inf file and launch.bat file. When the USB drive is inserted into a target computer, it will run the password extraction tools in the background and save recovered passwords from browsers, email clients, and messengers to text files on the drive. This allows stealing passwords from any computer the USB drive is used on.
This document discusses techniques for ethical hacking, including:
1. Cracking passwords on a Windows Server 2003 system by importing hashes and using brute force attacks to reveal the passwords for users "admin" and "duy".
2. Escalating privileges on the system by adding a user to the Administrators group using the "net localgroup" command after exploiting a boot option vulnerability.
3. Scanning the target system using Nessus and Retina to identify vulnerabilities like a Microsoft Windows RPC exploit, and then using Metasploit to remotely create a new user account on the victim system.
4. Hiding files on the target system by binding multiple files like "data.txt" and
1) The document provides a quick start guide for using the SanDisk SecureAccess software and Dmailer Online backup service. It outlines how to set up a private encrypted vault on a SanDisk USB drive to store and protect files.
2) It describes how to add files to the vault by dragging and dropping or manually selecting them. It also explains how to access the backed up files online through Dmailer Online.
3) Dmailer Online allows users to easily back up and access their files online from any computer for added protection against data loss or theft. The guide outlines how to set up an account and configure backup settings.
An inconvenient truth: Evading the Ransomware Protection in windows 10 @ LeHackSoya Aoyama
How many sites do you use? Is the password long enough and secure? Do not tell me you reused it.
Unfortunately, we have not a memory good enough to remember so many passwords long and secure.
For this reason, there are several companies providing password management applications. However, are they really secure?
I have executed a man-in-the-middle attack against a certain password management application.
Surprisingly, the password was exchanged in plain text between .exe and .dll, and it was very easy to steal it.
The program I created is generic and, under certain conditions, can steal information between all .exe and .dll in Windows.
In this talk, I will demonstrate the actual attack, and provide technical explanations to enable this attack. And finally, I suggest ways to protect other apps from this attack.
A Critical Analysis of Microsoft Data Protection SolutionsJohn Rhoton
This document provides an overview and analysis of three Microsoft data protection solutions: BitLocker Drive Encryption (BDE), Encrypting File System (EFS), and Rights Management Services (RMS). BDE encrypts the entire hard drive to protect data from offline attacks. EFS encrypts individual files and folders on a system or shared network drive. RMS allows users to control access to documents and emails through usage policies enforced by a server.
The document discusses the OS Credential Dumping technique used by attackers to obtain login and password information from the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) process memory. It describes three main methods attackers use - dumping LSASS memory using Windows Task Manager, ProcDump tool, or Comsvcs.dll. Detection rules are provided to monitor for these activities in Splunk, including monitoring for dumping files, ProcDump and Comsvcs.dll execution, and LSASS process access. Finally, it mentions attackers can use Mimikatz to extract passwords from the dumped LSASS memory files.
Wi-Fi password stealing program using USB rubber duckyTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A minute is all it takes for a hacker to gain informations from your computer, such as Wi-Fi password. Due to the limited capability of people to remember a lot of complex and unique password, people tend to use the same password for most of their account. This paper aimed to implement Wi-Fi password stealing program in USB Rubber Ducky using USB Rubber Ducky Scripting, Visual Basic Script, Web Server, Command Prompt, and Ducky Toolkit to obtain clear text Wi-Fi password that ever connected to the computer. In the testing phase, the success rate of Wi-Fi password stealing program reached 94.28% with 87.87% obtained personal password is still categorized as guessable password and the password reuse rate reached 81.81%. Thus, Wi-Fi password stealing program can be very dangerous as most of the personal password was used in lots of account and still categorized as guessable.
The document describes a technique for hiding malicious code within digitally signed executables in order to bypass security solutions. It does this by storing malicious code in the certificate table of signed files, which does not invalidate the digital signature. It also uses reflective loading to execute the malicious code from memory without detection. This allows malicious code to remain hidden on disk and during execution from current security solutions.
Certificate bypass: Hiding and executing malware from a digitally signed exec...Priyanka Aash
Malware developers are constantly looking for new ways to evade the detection and prevention capabilities of security solutions. In recent years, we have seen many different tools, such as packers and new encryption techniques, help malware reach this goal of hiding the malicious code. If the security solution cannot unpack the compressed or encrypted malicious content (or at least unpack it dynamically), then the security solution will not be able to identify that it is facing malware. To further complicate the matter, we present a new technique for hiding malware (encrypted and unencrypted) inside a digitally signed file (while still keeping the file with a valid certificate) and executing it from the memory, using a benign executable (which acts as a reflective EXE loader, written from scratch). Our research demonstrates our Certificate Bypass tool and the Reflective EXE Loader. During the presentation, we will focus on the research we conducted on the PE file structure. We will take a closer look at the certificate table and how we can inject data to the table without damaging the certificate itself (the file will still look and be treated as a valid digitally signed file). We will examine the tool we wrote to execute PE files from memory (without writing them to the disk). We will cover the relevant fields in the PE structure, as well as the steps required to run a PE file directly from the memory without requiring any files on disk. Last, we will conclude the demonstration with a live example and show how we bypass security solutions based on the way they look at the certificate table.
(Source: Black Hat USA 2016, Las Vegas)
Lab Exercise: IBM Blockchain runs also on LinuxONE, see it in action!Anderson Bassani
This laboratory covers a Blockchain implementation running on an IBM LinuxONE Server. Second, you will learn how to deploy a Hyperledger Fabric using Dockers Containers. Originally presented at IBM Systems Technical University, Sao Paulo, Atibaia, 2016.
ClouDoc is a Document Centralization Solution.
It rejects filw writes to local disk and provide windows drive I/F for server files.
You can protect CAD files, Office files, Source Codes from employees and malicious codes.
Similar to Windows logon password – get windows logon password using wdigest in memory dump forensic focus articles (14)
Seizing Electronic Evidence & Best Practices – Secret ServiceGol D Roger
This document provides guidance on properly seizing electronic evidence from a crime scene. It emphasizes the importance of planning, documenting every step with photos and logs, and separating hardware from networks to preserve volatile data. Key steps include: securing the location, photographing everything in detail before collection, using tags and logs to maintain a chain of custody, and being aware of potential legal liabilities from disrupting business data. The goal is to collect all potential digital evidence while ensuring its integrity and admissibility in court.
Forensic artifacts in modern linux systemsGol D Roger
This document provides an overview of a workshop on forensic artifacts in modern Linux systems. It will cover topics such as partitions and filesystems, boot loaders, the Linux file system layout, systemd configuration for services and scheduled tasks, installed software and packages, log files and the systemd journal. The workshop format will involve both presentations and demonstrations of analyzing disk images and artifacts. It is aimed at forensic investigators and showing what can be discovered from compromised, criminal, or seized Linux systems.
Cybercrimeandforensic 120828021931-phpapp02Gol D Roger
This case study describes a large-scale international cybercrime gang that was busted in Chennai, India. The gang was involved in hacking ATMs using stolen credit card numbers and PINs acquired through phishing. A key member of the gang, Deepak Prem Manwani, was arrested in Chennai while hacking an ATM there. An investigation revealed that the gang had set up fake websites to phish credit card details and PINs from millions of subscribers. They then sold this stolen data to people like Manwani, who used it to hack ATMs. Manwani had hacked ATMs in Mumbai as well. The FBI was already investigating the gang based on complaints from victims in the US. Man
This document discusses file system management in operating systems. It covers file concepts including data types, attributes, and structures. It also describes directory structures from single-level to tree and graph structures. Additionally, it discusses access methods, file system mounting, file sharing, and protection. Key topics include file operations, sequential and direct access, tree-structured directories with absolute and relative path names, mount points, and access control lists with read/write/execute permissions for owners, groups and the public.
This document discusses various aspects of file system implementation in operating systems. It covers file system structures, directory implementation methods, allocation techniques like contiguous, linked and indexed allocation, free space management using bitmaps and linked lists, performance optimization using caching, and recovery methods like journaling. It also describes network file systems like NFS, which allow remote access to files across networked machines in a transparent manner using client-server architecture and remote procedure calls.
This document discusses network forensics and provides an overview of the deep web. It begins by reviewing the surface web and how search engines index its contents. It then explains that the deep web consists of content that is not indexed by traditional search engines, including dynamic web pages, unlinked pages, private sites requiring login, and sites with crawling restrictions. Reasons content may not be found include limitations of web crawlers as well as restrictions set by site owners or search engines themselves.
This document discusses Windows forensics and provides details on the Windows boot sequence. It describes the six phases of the Windows boot process: 1) Power-On Self Test, 2) Initial Startup, 3) Boot Loader, 4) Hardware Detection and Configuration, 5) Kernel Loading, and 6) User Logon. Key Windows data structures like the NTFS file system, Windows Registry, and Windows Event Log are also summarized. The document outlines where forensic analysts can find artifacts of user activities on a Windows system, such as in volatile memory, hidden files, slack space, and the Windows Search index.
This document provides an overview of email forensics techniques and tools used in network forensics investigations. It discusses the typical architecture of email systems and protocols like SMTP, POP, and IMAP. Key points covered include email headers, the information contained in Received headers, and how an email travels from sender to recipient through various mail servers. Spoofing emails is also briefly explained. The document aims to introduce investigators to analyzing email evidence at different layers of the network and tools needed for forensic analysis of email messages and server logs.
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- HTTP is an application layer protocol for distributed, collaborative hypermedia information systems. It uses a request-response protocol to transfer data between clients and servers.
- HTTP requests consist of a start line with method, URI and version, followed by headers and an optional message body. Common methods are GET, POST, PUT, DELETE.
- HTTP responses contain a start line with status code and reason, followed by headers and an optional message body. Status codes indicate success, redirection, client or server errors.
This document outlines the knowledge required to pass the Information Technology Engineers Examination in Japan. It is organized into 9 major categories covering topics such as corporate strategy, business strategy, system strategy, development technology, project management, and basic computer science theory. Each major category contains multiple middle categories that further break down the knowledge into specific items. For each item, the document provides a goal statement describing what should be learned and descriptions with sample terms and examples. The purpose is to guide examinees in their preparation and provide instructional guidelines for companies and schools.
The document announces a two-day event to introduce new features of Windows Server 2012 R2 and System Center 2012 R2. It provides an agenda that will cover topics like server virtualization, networking, storage, server management/automation, access/information protection, and virtual desktop infrastructure. The document encourages attendees to download hands-on labs and previews of the new products and register for a related online training course in July.
The document provides guidance on using the Windows Forensic Environment (WinFE) for forensic imaging, data collection, triage/previewing, and analysis. It discusses how WinFE allows examining Windows systems using familiar Windows tools in a forensically sound manner. The document also covers building WinFE using the command line or WinBuilder and its advantages over other bootable forensic environments for certain scenarios like remote data collection and surreptitious on-site data acquisition.
10 things group policy preferences does betterGol D Roger
Group Policy Preferences can be used to configure many common administrative tasks without scripting. Preferences provide a graphical user interface for settings like drive mappings, power options, folder options, Internet Explorer settings, regional settings, file/folder creation, shortcut creation, printer deployment, and scheduled tasks. Preferences support item-level targeting to filter settings based on user or computer criteria. Green underlining indicates settings that will be applied, while red means they will be ignored.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
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Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
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http://articles.forensicfocus.com/2014/04/28/windowslogonpasswordgetwindowslogonpasswordusingwdigestinmemorydump/ 2/12
All of the obtained information using these methods is NTLM hash and it needs to be cracked
with password crack tools. If the password is too long and even hard to crack, it is difficult to
acquire the user’s Windows logon password. However, the tool called “Mimikatz” has been
announced in 2012 to solve the problem. It uses DLL injection on live status so that it can print out
the user’s Windows logon password as a plaintext even though the password is long.
In this article, we’ll apply one of the methods used in “Mimikatz” called “extracting user’s
Windows logon password using Wdigest” to memory dump, so we can help out the investigators
with memory forensics.
2. Windows Authentication Package
Windows Authentication Package is one of the major components to implement the Windows
security and it includes Lsass process context and DLLs executed in client’s process. The role of
authentication DLL is to examine whether the user’s name is in agreement with the password. If
the authentication information is consistent, it returns the user’s specific information to Lsass.
Lsass create the token based on this. In typically, there are MSV1_0, TsPkg, Wdigest, LiveSSP,
Kerberos, and SSP for windows authentication package and each package is carried out by
various usage like Remote RDP, and Web service. It has a feature that it always carries the specific
data in memory for Challenge‑Response method. In this article, we will cover only Wdigest in
Windows authentication package.
2.1 WDigest.dll
Wdigest.dll was first introduced in Windows XP system, and developed to authenticate the user
in HTTP digest authentication and SASL (Simple Authentication Security Layer). This is used in
digest authentication using Challenge‑Response method as NTLM protocol. Also it transfers
certificate through MD5 hash or message digest and it offers more improved security than before.
However, to get a key for authentication, user’s plaintext password is necessary and it can be
abused. [Figure 1] and [Table 2] explan the digest authentication architecture and the elements.
Figure 1 Digest Authentication Architecture
Table 2 Digest Authentication Elements
File Explanation
Wdigest.dll It works for SSP which is used for LDAP and Web authentication
Lsasrv.dll Security service management of LSA (Security policy and behavior)
[1]
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Secur32.dll It works for application SSPI of user mode
Ksecdd.sys
It is used when kernel security device driver communicates with
Lsass in user mode.
3. Extracting Windows logon password on live status
[Figure 2] shows the process of extraction of Windows logon password on live status using DLL
injection in Wdigest.
Figure 2 The process of extraction of Windows logon password on live status using Wdigest
The working process for each element of conducted function/dll during extraction is as follows.
1. First, you have to collect the number of sessions and logon session identifiers (LUIDs) which
exist in system through the LsaEnumerateLogonSessions function of Lsass. [Figure 3] is the
LsaEnumerateLogonSessions function.
Figure 3 LsaEnumerateLogonSessions Function
LogonSessionCount pointer variable has the number of logon sessions, and LogonSessionList
pointer variable has the address value of the first element among the logon session identifiers.
Based on this, you can trace the Logon session list existing in system.
2. I_LogSessList of Wdigest.dll is made of LIST_ENTRY structure, and it has use name, domain,
encrypted password, domain DNS and so on written in Unicode character as well as Flink,
Blink, and LUID.
3. Afterward, you can decrypt the encrypted password obtained from I_LogSessList through
LsaUnprotectedMemory function of Lsasrv.dll. [Figure 4] shows the LsaUnprotectedMemory
function .
Figure 4 LsaUnprotectedMemory Function
4. When the LsaUnProtectedMemory function is decompiled, it looks like [Figure 5].
Figure 5 Decompile the LsaUnprotectMemory Function
[2]
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It calls out LsaEncryptMemory function internally, and [Figure 6] suggests the result of
decrypted LsaEncryptMemory function.
Figure 6 Decompile the LsaEncryptMemory function
With the result above, you can finally figure out that the LsaEncryptMemory function of
Lsasrv.dll decrypt the encrypted password using pblV and 3DesKey handle value.
We tried to explain the whole working process so far. Anyone who wants to check out the
working process through code, you can visit https://github.com/thomhastings/mimikatz‑en/.
4. Extracting Windows Logon Information in memory dump
Before you extract the information, we will explain how to obtain windows logon password using
WDigest in memory dump. Let’s take a look at [Table 3].
Table 3 What you need to know
Category Explanation
dll needed
WDigest.dll : It has the address of encrypted password
value.Lsasrv.dll : It is needed to decrypt the encrypted
password.
value to find
WDigest.dll : The address of encrypted password value of
l_LogSessListLsasrv.dll : The handle value of 3DesKey and
pbIV value
When you only refer to the contents of [Table 3], extracting password may look simple. However
it has to go under complicated order to find and trace the value in memory dump. You can only
access the memory dump file we have by physical address because the pointer value of dll is
based on virtual address.
From now on, we will figure out how to extract the Windows Logon password in memory dump.
First of all, you have to check out the parent process called PID of Lsass.exe to extract WDigest.dll
and Lsasrv.dll. [Figure 7] shows the result of PID of Lsass.exe using pslist plugin of Volatility.
Figure 7 Check the PID of Lsass.exe
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When Lsass.exe is being executed, it obtains the memory dump of Lsass.exe using memdump
plugin to identify the value of allocated memory space. [Figure 8] shows the result of memory
dump command of Lsass.exe, called PID488.
Figure 8 execution of Lsass.exe memory dump
So far, we have tried to reduced the size of dump file we need to analyze to obtain the Windows
Logon password by Lsass.exe memory dump, which has “whole memory dump ‑> every value to
extract”. As we mentioned, Lsass.exe memory dump also can be accessed by physical address. So
you have to create the memory map file for mapping of virtual address and physical address.
[Figure 9] shows how to extract memory map of relevant memory dump with memmap plugin.
Figure 9 Collecting Memory Map
Next, you have to dump WDigest.dll, one of the dlls needed to extract Windows Logon password.
[Figure 10] shows the command how to dump Wdigest.dll.
Figure 10 WDigest.dll Dump
WDigest.dll has an address of encrypted password value, and you can check the very beginning
address of the list out on I_LogSessList to trace it. It is made of LIST_ENTRY structure. [Figure 11]
shows the stored value on I_LogSessList.
Figure 11 Identifying l_LogSessList
0x168D50 means the virtual address of the very first element of user’s logon session list. You have
to find the space including the relevant address, and then identify the physical address of
Lsass.exe memory dump file. [Figure 12] shows the searching of virtual address space including
0x168D50 in memory map file.
Figure 12 Searching the address including 0x168D50
The space from size 0x00168000 to 0x1000 is mapped from 0x5c000 of Lsass.exe memory dump
file. You can check the value by moving to 0x5C00 + (0x168D50 – 0x168D00) = 0x5CD50 from
Lsass.exe physical memory dump. [Figure 13] shows the point of offset 0x5CD50 on WinHex.
Figure 13 The Point of 0x5CD50 in Lsass.exe physical memory dump
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Figure 25 dump() function
Each necessary image can be dumped by basic dump modules provided by Volatility. You can
use the name of the images you need from the list so to automatically dump with filtering.
5.2. Extracting the name of user’s account
When extracting the name of user’s account from memory, you need to check the value of
l_LogSessList+0x20(the address which has the name of user’s account as unicode). If the address is
invalid, you have to check the address of 4 byte field to find the account. However, it is difficult to
figure out which address has an account in which filed in plugin. Therefore you need to check the
address value of specific space(4 byte * 3 times) first, and then move to that address to check if
there is a valid character string and check if there is an account. When verifying a valid account,
you have to follow the policy of Windows account name. [Figure 26] shows the routine to find the
address which has account name.
Figure 26 Routine to find the address which has the account name
Then you need to verify whether the account name corresponds to the saved value in the routine
as shown in [Figure 27].
Figure 27 Routine to verify the account name
5.3. Extracting the encrypted password
There exists an encrypted password of relevant account in +0x10 away from the field which has
the account name. Therefore when verifying the account name, if you find any valid account, you
have to calculate the field address +0x10, where the account was found. Then you can extract and
check the address value which has an encrypted password. As we mentioned in [Figure 17], the
length of the character string of encrypted password is different from that of the encrypted
password saved 4 byte before. So you have to do the extracting only by 0x00(NULL) in the
relevant routine, and save the necessary value for the actual decryption. [Figure 28] shows the
routine of extracting encrypted password.
Figure 28 Routine to extract the encrypted password
5.4. Extracting the value of pbSecret
The pbSecret actually plays the key role during the process of decryption. You need to find
9. 2/26/2015 Windows Logon Password – Get Windows Logon Password using Wdigest in Memory Dump | Forensic Focus Articles
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The pbSecret actually plays the key role during the process of decryption. You need to find
pbSecret space with specific signature called “KSSM”, because the method you used in
decompiling cannot be applied to find relevant value. The pbSecret has the length value of
character string 16 byte after KSSM signature, and there exists a value of pbSecret right after it.
[Figure 29] shows the routine of extracting the pbSecret.
Figure 29 Routine that extract the pbSecret
5.5. Extracting the value of pbIV
You have to find the pbIV value through a specific signature as well as pbSecret. “DebugFlags” is
recommended signature, and there is a value of 0x00 (NULL) between signature and pbIV value.
The size information of pbIV is not saved, but you can extract the size of 16 byte or the value from
relevant value to 0x00 (NULL). [Figure 30] shows the routine of extracting the pbIV.
Figure 30 Routine that extract the pbIV
.
5.6. Decrypting the password
When decrypting the password, you can use the Crypto function provided by Python. Initial
vector (pbIV), key (pbSecret), and encrypted password are necessary. When the decryption using
the 3DES algorithm is done, it deletes the dumps and every image files already used. [Figure 31]
shows the routine of password decryption.
Figure 31 Decryption Routine
5.7. Plugin Result
[Figure 32] shows the result of executed relevant plugin.
Figure 32 The result of executed plugin
You can download the plugin from the following address.
https://withgit.com/For‑MD/volatility‑plugin‑logon/blob/master/logon.py
6. Conclusion
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First of all, we will keep upgrading this tool and show you a new method according to the
computing environment which is changing. The environment which uses 32 bit system is now
turning into an environment which uses 64 bit system, and the application range of this plugin is
50:50. Therefore we will apply the method of extracting the Windows account information in 64
bit system, and also add a new function to extract the account information from various
authentication packages to broaden the application range of plugin. Finally, it is a big question for
us how to extract the authentication session, the Windows account information when
authenticating the domain, and multiple users within the memory considering the Active
Directory environment.
In this article, we covered how to extract the information of Windows account from memory
image in the view of digital forensics. In terms of digital forensics, the former way using dll
injection is not appropriate, because it is against the integrity of memory. However, by the
method we introduced in this article, you can extract the information of Windows account only by
using the memory image on offline. Therefore we presume that it can be helpfully used in the
field of investigation or security incidents.
Mimikatz : http://blog.gentilkiwi.com/mimikatz
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en‑us/library/windows/desktop/ff714510(v=vs.85).aspx
About ForMD
http://for‑md.org
View all posts by For‑MD »
Discussion
11 thoughts on “Windows Logon Password – Get Windows
Logon Password using Wdigest in Memory Dump”
1. This has been done in Passware (http://www.lostpassword.com/kit‑forensic.htm) a few years
ago.
[1]
[2]
11. 2/26/2015 Windows Logon Password – Get Windows Logon Password using Wdigest in Memory Dump | Forensic Focus Articles
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POSTED BY DMITRY SUMIN (@DSUMIN) | MAY 6, 2014, 4:34 PM
REPLY TO THIS COMMENT
Thank you for your comment.
can you capture the associated menu in “passware forensic kit”?
see you ~
POSTED BY FOR‑MD | MAY 7, 2014, 1:57 AM
REPLY TO THIS COMMENT
2. Hi,
First of all, thanks for posting this article and for developing this plug‑in.
I tried this on 2 WinXP memory images (using Volatility 2.3.1 on Linux), on both of them I got
an error at the end “IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: ‘lsasrv.dll”. I noticed that the
status messages above say “lsasrv.dll dump start!” but it never says that the dump of lsasrv.dll
is complete (like it does for other files). I don’t see lsasrv dumped anywhere.
I noticed in the code that it mentions that it works on Win7 SP1, so is the reason I got these
errors because I was using a WinXP memory image and not Win7?
‑Michael
POSTED BY MICHAEL | JUNE 23, 2014, 8:37 AM
REPLY TO THIS COMMENT
Thank you for your comment.
Our tool only supports Windows 7.
Windows xp and Windows 7 memory data is not same !
so our current tools to get a windows xp password can not be..
POSTED BY FOR‑MD | JUNE 23, 2014, 10:16 AM
REPLY TO THIS COMMENT
3. Hello there! I could have sworn I’ve visited this website before
but after looking at some of the articles I realized it’s new to me.
Anyways, I’m definitely happy I came across it and I’ll be bookmarking it and checking back
often!
POSTED BY BEST 3D TV 2014 | JULY 25, 2014, 1:07 AM
REPLY TO THIS COMMENT
4. It would be great if you could make an easy‑to‑use tool for dumping the password. But most
of times I am completely locked out of PC after forgotten the logon password, then it’s
impossible to install a password dump tool. In that situation I have to use the PCUnlocker Live
CD to remove the password.
12. 2/26/2015 Windows Logon Password – Get Windows Logon Password using Wdigest in Memory Dump | Forensic Focus Articles
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POSTED BY JACK | JULY 26, 2014, 3:15 PM
REPLY TO THIS COMMENT
5. I’m not that much of a internet reader to be honest but your sites really nice, keep it
up! I’ll go ahead and bookmark your site to come
back later on. Many thanks
POSTED BY BEST GAMING HEADSET 2014 | JULY 26, 2014, 7:55 PM
REPLY TO THIS COMMENT
6. Hello, fantastic advice and an fascinating post, it’s going
to be exciting if this is still the case in a few months time
POSTED BY RYAN HERNANDEZ | AUGUST 22, 2014, 6:06 PM
REPLY TO THIS COMMENT
7. I hardly ever discuss these items, but I thought this on deserved
a big thankyou
POSTED BY LIAM FORD | AUGUST 22, 2014, 7:46 PM
REPLY TO THIS COMMENT
8. When someone writes an piece of writing he/she keeps the plan of
a user in his/her mind that how a user can understand it.
Therefore that’s why this article is amazing. Thanks!
POSTED BY LIAM | SEPTEMBER 9, 2014, 3:40 PM
REPLY TO THIS COMMENT
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it up.
POSTED BY HTTP://BESTHOMETHEATERRECEIVER2014.COM | SEPTEMBER 16, 2014,
5:26 PM
REPLY TO THIS COMMENT
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