Placed below is an interesting account of the Indian Navy Mutiny of 1946 which was the only WAR of INDEPENDANCE as per Capt Ajit Vadakayil whose blog " (http://ajitvadakayil.blogspot.in/2013/02/the-indian-navy-mutiny-of-1946-only-war.html says it all.
Placed below is an interesting account of the Indian Navy Mutiny of 1946 which was the only WAR of INDEPENDANCE as per Capt Ajit Vadakayil whose blog " (http://ajitvadakayil.blogspot.in/2013/02/the-indian-navy-mutiny-of-1946-only-war.html says it all.
Submarine attack .
What is a submarine?
History of submarine .
Submarine’s Navigation .
How a Submarine works .
Torpedoes .
Life support systems .
World’s First Submarine attack .
India’s geography, economic engagement with the rest of the world, her development and security, are all intimately connected to the maritime domain.
With seas on three sides and high mountains on the fourth, it has been said that India lies in the very lap of the Indian Ocean. Few Indians realise that we possess the second largest peninsula in the world. While that translates into a coastline of 5422 Km, India’s outlying island territories add another 2094 Km, making up a total coastline length of 7516Km. This is just as well because our foreign trade is almost entirely dependent on the seas since land frontiers cannot permit viable trade due to contemporary history and geography!
We know that mesothelioma patients would rather stay local when receiving treatment,rnso we will review options for private medical centers, surgical consultants, clinical trials,rnand match you up with friendly, local physicians wherever we can.
We know that mesothelioma patients would rather stay local when receiving treatment,rnso we will review options for private medical centers, surgical consultants, clinical trials,rnand match you up with friendly, local physicians wherever we can.
We know that mesothelioma patients would rather stay local when receiving treatment,rnso we will review options for private medical centers, surgical consultants, clinical trials,rnand match you up with friendly, local physicians wherever we can.
hello friends.....
submarine is a work in underwater and easily detect to enemy or underwater travel in the tourist. and this presentation shows, how to submarine work in under water in each parts or marine ship etc.
We know that mesothelioma patients would rather stay local when receiving treatment,rnso we will review options for private medical centers, surgical consultants, clinical trials,rnand match you up with friendly, local physicians wherever we can.
Submarine attack .
What is a submarine?
History of submarine .
Submarine’s Navigation .
How a Submarine works .
Torpedoes .
Life support systems .
World’s First Submarine attack .
India’s geography, economic engagement with the rest of the world, her development and security, are all intimately connected to the maritime domain.
With seas on three sides and high mountains on the fourth, it has been said that India lies in the very lap of the Indian Ocean. Few Indians realise that we possess the second largest peninsula in the world. While that translates into a coastline of 5422 Km, India’s outlying island territories add another 2094 Km, making up a total coastline length of 7516Km. This is just as well because our foreign trade is almost entirely dependent on the seas since land frontiers cannot permit viable trade due to contemporary history and geography!
We know that mesothelioma patients would rather stay local when receiving treatment,rnso we will review options for private medical centers, surgical consultants, clinical trials,rnand match you up with friendly, local physicians wherever we can.
We know that mesothelioma patients would rather stay local when receiving treatment,rnso we will review options for private medical centers, surgical consultants, clinical trials,rnand match you up with friendly, local physicians wherever we can.
We know that mesothelioma patients would rather stay local when receiving treatment,rnso we will review options for private medical centers, surgical consultants, clinical trials,rnand match you up with friendly, local physicians wherever we can.
hello friends.....
submarine is a work in underwater and easily detect to enemy or underwater travel in the tourist. and this presentation shows, how to submarine work in under water in each parts or marine ship etc.
We know that mesothelioma patients would rather stay local when receiving treatment,rnso we will review options for private medical centers, surgical consultants, clinical trials,rnand match you up with friendly, local physicians wherever we can.
Briefly describe how the development of steam powered ships transfor.pdfprajeetjain
Briefly describe how the development of steam powered ships transformed naval warfare.
Solution
Development of steam powered ships
And transformation in naval warfare
A steamship, often referred to as a steamer, is an ocean faring seaworthy vessel that is propelled
by one or more steam engines that typically drive (turn) propellers or paddlewheels. The first
steamships came into practical usage during the early 1800s;
The first steam engines worked by filling a cylinder with steam, then condensing it to water. The
vacuum created drew the piston into the cylinder. These “atmospheric” engines were useful for
pumping out mines and other tasks where their weight was not important. They were far too
heavy and bulky to use aboard ships, however. James Watts’s improved steam engine drove the
piston in the opposite direction—expanding steam, rather than atmospheric pressure on a
vacuum was the driving force. Such engines could be made small enough to power a ship. Their
earliest use was to turn a pair of huge side wheels.
Steam gave navies a great strategic advantage. Steam warships no longer depended on weather
and could cross the oceans much faster than sailing ships. “Seizing the weather gauge”
(maneuvering into the best location to take advantage of the wind) had long been a favorite tactic
of British seamen. It no longer gave any advantage. For that reason, Britain, although it was the
home of the first steam engines and it utterly depended on its navy for its primacy in world
affairs, tried to retard the development of steam-powered ships. British naval personnel were the
most skilled in the world; British shipyards devoted to building sailing men-of-war were the
biggest in the world; British technology in preserving food for long journeys, manufacturing the
heavy, short-range cannons, called carronades, and everything else needed for wooden, sail-
driven warships, led the world. If the world’s navies went to steam, all of that would be
worthless.
In 1828, the British admiralty expressed their views on steam-powered warships:
Their lordships feel it is their bounden duty to discourage to the utmost of their ability the
employment of steam vessels, as they consider that the introduction of steam is calculated to
strike a fatal blow at the naval supremacy of the Empire.
Steamships. In his classic study, Sea Power in the Machine Age, Bernard Brodie observed that
navies were relatively late in utilization of the technological advances of the machine age.
Progress in steampower development was followed closely by the various admiralties—Great
Britain, France, and the United States being most active. During the nineteenth century, the
steam warship was by far the most important of the great naval revolutions, the most significant
such innovation in warships since the fifteenth century. Steampower completely revised naval
tactics and strategy; now ships could go anywhere, any time. During a transition period at
midcentury, the largest warships retaine.
Bold Alligator 2012 and the Expeditionary Strike GroupICSA, LLC
Bold Alligator 2012 was significantly more than an amphibious exercise. And in a real sense it was not. It was a littoral force engagement exercise leveraging the seabase to operate over a very large battlespace. And it was an exercise which pick up some of the lessons learned off of Libya and are carrying them forward into the 21st Century.
When compared to the last major amphibious exercise conducted in 1996 “Operation Purple Star,” one of the clear differences was the impact of the Osprey. The speed and range of the Osprey demonstrated in both Libyan operations and in Bold Alligator provided glimpses of the future. The seabase can be linked ship to ship, from ship to shore, from shore to ship and back again. During the exercise, the Osprey landed on the USNS Robert E. Peary, a T-AKE ship and, indeed, participated in the raid 185 miles away on Fort Pickett.
As the chief coalition officer involved in the exercise, Lt. Commander Pastoor argued, “This really is about power projection from the sea and the ability to move the insertion force from and to the sea base and to operate throughout the battlespace.”
The promise of the ESG enabled by the Osprey and the coming F-35B is really rather simple. The ESG enabled by the Osprey and the F-35B is neither a Carrier Battle Group nor an Amphibious Ready Group. It is far more flexible than a CBG, in that it is a modular mix and match capability, which clearly can include allies as it did in the Exercise or in the operations off of Libya. And it is not simply an “ARG on steroids,” as one of the Harrier squadron commander noted. “It is far more capable.”
An ESG will allow for an economy of force whereby the ARG-MEU can be scaled up to include other sea based on air assets to allow for dominance of the battlespace. It is scalable both in terms of assets contained within the sea base or contributed by various land support structures, air or ground.
According to the 2nd MEF commander in the exercise, Brigadier General Owens, who will soon be moving to Okinawa, by strengthening the ability of the seabase to provide for logistics ashore, one can insert force without moving an iron mountain with it ashore. And “we get away from that image of amphibious assault where we’re going into a limited area, and that you have limited places you can land, so the enemy knows you’re coming to one of these two places. The goal of the ESG is to hit them where they’re not!”
The distributed character of the sea base seen in this exercise and highlighted by the evolving ESG allows for a modular mix and match quality. And this mix and match quality can embody the key elements of what one wants in 21st century forces: presence, economy of force and scalability.
In 2001 Euroavia Toulouse organized a symposium on ground effect. We invited most of the Russian and German actors, and some experts from Holland, UK or France for a week of science around the subject of ekranoplans / flying boats. This was dedicated to students. A book was issued... and now that all copies have been sold for a while I am sharing this on LinkedIn for everyone.
Enjoy.
Stéphan AUBIN
The U.S. Navy's christens its huge $7bn stealth ship that looks like a fishing boat on radar
My recommendation
Ecuador need ships of good quality, with equipment of tactital operations and radars for the drougs embarcations located in the sea.
Need ships for the sea security, with good armament how the US Navy Army.
The world today has about 4000 offshore support vessels of various types. While statistical data are not very precise, there appears to be more than 200 under construction at present. These modern vessels, intended for fleet replacement on the one hand, and to meet the more demanding needs of deeper water operations on the other, are of much improved designs and packed with multifunctional capabilities.
It is an English project for class XI for the chapter WE'RE NOT AFRAID TO DIE .....IF WE CAN ALL BE TOGETHER. This is an amazing and interesting topic. Work like a pro and become a director😀
We know that mesothelioma patients would rather stay local when receiving treatment,rnso we will review options for private medical centers, surgical consultants, clinical trials,rnand match you up with friendly, local physicians wherever we can.
We know that mesothelioma patients would rather stay local when receiving treatment,rnso we will review options for private medical centers, surgical consultants, clinical trials,rnand match you up with friendly, local physicians wherever we can.
We know that mesothelioma patients would rather stay local when receiving treatment,rnso we will review options for private medical centers, surgical consultants, clinical trials,rnand match you up with friendly, local physicians wherever we can.
India Post: Themes and Biases in Commemorative Stamps Issued From 1994 To 2016Raamesh Gowri Raghavan
The author has been an avid collector of Indian postage stamps since 1995. Next only to currency, stamps have born the unique imprimatur of the state and have rightly been described as ‘little ambassadors’.
But in a democratic dispensation such as India, do they also serve as vehicles of subtle or overt propaganda for the people in power? This paper will examine the distribution of themes reflected in commemorative and definitive stamps issued by the Department of Posts, Government of India over a twenty-year period from 1995 to 2016, during which period India has been governed by parties adhering to multiple ideologies.
Themes studied include:
a. National icons vs. Regional icons
b. Statewide distribution of regional icons
c. Nature of icons: military, political, social, religious and literary
d. Human vs. institutional icons
e. Domestic vs. international icons
‘Icons’ here are defined as any person, institution, event, monument or living being that is considered noteworthy or important enough to be commemorated.
Preliminary Explorations at the Cave Complex at Kothaligad, Taluka Karjat, Di...Raamesh Gowri Raghavan
Herein we report preliminary archaeological explorations of a complex of 5 caves and other rock-cut architecture associated with the fort of Kothaligad, in the village of Peth, Karjat Taluka, Raigad District, Maharashtra, India.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
2. The Ring of Fire
• China’s “harmonious ocean” project, aka “the string of
pearls”
• A base proper in Gwadar, and ‘presence’ in Male, Galle,
Cocos Is. (Myanmar), Kyaukphu, Chittagong
• Instability in Af-Pak and ‘Iraqistan’
• Piracy in the Horn of Africa and the Straits of Malacca https://srilankanquest.wordpress.com/2012/06/26/another-pearl-makes-
the-string-tighter-sri-lanka-and-the-encirclement-of-india-by-china-2/
3. A Two Carrier Navy
• After Independence, the Indian Navy pushed
for a two-carrier fleet, as naval prowess was
increasingly in the air, not the sea
• The government of the day, however, with its
internationalist and pacifist outlook, was
unwilling
• Also, with conflict in the west being mostly
terrestrial, and conflict in the east unimagined,
a blue-water navy was really a pipe-dream in
those somewhat cash-strapped days
• Yet Governor-General Mountbatten, with
memories fresh from WWII, persuaded Nehru
to invest in at least one carrier
Blueprint to Bluewater, the Indian Navy, 1951-65 by Rear Admiral Satyindra Singh AVSM (Retd.)
Current fleet strength:
2 aircraft carriers
1 amphibious transport
dock
8 landing ship tanks
11 destroyers
14 frigates
23 corvettes
6 mine countermeasure
vessels
15 submarines
28 patrol vessels
4 replenishment oilers
212 aircraft
4. 4 March 1961 - 31 January 1997
Timeline of a (Pipe) Dream
12 May 1987 - 6 March 2017
16 November 2013 - ?
December 2018
2025
INS Vikrant II
INS Vishal
5. Commissioned 4 March 1961
Decommissioned 31 January 1997
Motto Jayema Sam Yudhi
Sprdhah
Scrapped 2014
HMS Hercules
Keel laid 14 October 1943
Launched 22 September 1945
Commissioned Never
Class Majestic
Displacement 16,000 t / 19,500 t
Power 30,000 kW
(4 Admiralty three-drum boilers)
Speed 25 knots
INS Vikrant
6. INAS 300 (White Tigers) Hawker Sea Hawk
INAS 310 (Cobras) Breguet Alizé
INAS 321 (Angels) Alouette III
Squadrons
Honours
Maha Vir Chakra 2
Vir Chakra 12
7. Commissioned 12 May 1987
Decommissioning 6 March 2017
Fate Scrap?
HMS Hermes
Keel laid 21 June 1944
Launched 16 February 1953
Commissioned 25 November 1959
Class Centaur
Displacement 23,900 t / 28,700 t
Power 57,000 kW
(2 Parsons geared steam turbines)
Speed 28 knots
INS Viraat
8. Refit 1996 - 2013
Commissioned 16 November 2013
Decommissioning ?
Admiral Gorshkov
Keel laid 17 February 1978
Launched 1 April 1982
Commissioned 11 December 1987
Class Kiev
Displacement 33,440 t / 44,490 t
Power 134,226 kW
Speed 28 knots
INS Vikramaditya
9. Fixed Wing MiG-29K
Rotatory Wing Kamov Ka-31
Westland Sea King
HAL Dhruv
INS Vikrant (II)
Keel laid 28 February 2009
Launched 12 August 2013
Commissioning December 2018
Class Vikrant
Displacement 40,000 t
Speed 28 knots
Flight Deck 10,000 sq m (262 m)
Naviation
10. Fixed Wing F-18 E/F | F-18 G | F-35 C
Rotatory Wing S 70 | EC 725
INS Vishal
Keel laid Still in design
Launched NA
Commissioning 2025
Class Vikrant
Displacement 65,000 t
Speed NA
Flight Deck 280 m
Naviation
http://defenceupdate.in/ins-vishal-design-phase-close-complete/
11. Superempowered Individuals (SEIs)
• Thomas Friedman first advanced the concept of the
“super-empowered individual.”
• Friedman’s main argument was that globalization had
radically “flattened” the globe, creating new pressure
points
• Individuals seeking to effect systemic change could
target, leverage, and exploit such points
• They are more than just non-state actors (NSAs)
12. Traits of an SEI
With increasing complexity of communication
technologies and interconnectedness of the
world, an SEI can swing either way:
• "Lone Wolf" actor
• Superior Intelligence
• Opportunity for leveraging Complex Systems
• Societal disconnect leading up to alienation
http://zenpundit.blogspot.in/2007/07/who-would-declare-war-on-world-nature.html
13. The super-empowerment of an SEI
Strategists like John Robb, Thomas P.M. Barnett have identified a few opportunities in the current
state of the world that an SEI can exploit.
https://iakal.wordpress.com/2015/10/01/map-of-arms-trade/
http://marksman104.deviantart.com/art/US-RU-
M220A1-Assault-Rifle-varriants-329662603
Weakness of the global supply chain
Increasing power of personalized
weapons and technologyNetwork mobilization power
http://blog.kaggle.com/2016/06/03/da
taset-spotlight-how-isis-uses-twitter/
14. War against SEIs
...eventually, the application of our military power will mirror the dominant threat to a significant degree. In other words, we morph
into a military of superempowered individuals fighting wars against superempowered individuals
- Vice-Admiral Arthur K. Cebrowski and Dr. Thomas P.M. Barnett
Over time, perhaps as little as in twenty years, and as the leverage provided by technology increases, this threshold will finally reach
its culmination - with the ability of one man to declare war on the world and win.
- John Robb, Brave New War
"First, very few people would be needed to carry out the attack. A single individual could spread a nationwide pandemic using a highly
contagious virus. A two person team would be sufficient to deploy and detonate a couple of nuclear weapons"
- - Dr. Fred C. Ikle, Annihilation From Within
http://zenpundit.blogspot.in/2007/07/who-would-declare-war-on-world-nature.html
16. Small is Beautiful?
• The emergence of the SEI stands in stark contrast to the idea of massive armed forces and
humongous war machines
• Agility and flexibility is the need of the hour; as the 2008 Mumbai attacks and the ‘surgical strike’
of 2016 showed
• Lesson from the INS Vikrant: In 1971, it ran a real risk of being taken out by the PNS Ghazi (USS
Diablo), a submarine on a suicide machine
• Is Indian Naviation, so far fitted out for coastal defence and anti-ship, anti-harbour warfare,
prepared for Drone/SEAL operations?
• Or will the aircraft carrier be a sitting duck?
17. 90 fixed wing and
helicopters
USS Nimitz
Keel laid 22 June 1968
Launched 13 May 1972
Commissioned 3 May 1975
Class Nimitz
Displacement 100,020 t
Speed 31.5 knots
Flight Deck 333 m
Naviation
18. 25% more aircraft launches per day
than the Nimitz class
USS Gerald R. Ford
Keel laid 13 November 2009
Launched 9 November 2013
Commissioning 2017
Class Gerald R. Ford
Displacement 100,000 t
Speed 30 knots
Flight Deck 337 m
Naviation
19. Can David really take on the Goliaths?
• Lesson from the INS Vikrant: It
remains in whispers, but the
Indian establishment was
staggered when it heard the USS
Enterprise was entering the Bay
of Bengal during the 1971 war.
INS Vikrant had two planes on
standby to launch kamikaze
attacks.
• Even though the INS Vishal (as
and when built) might be the
biggest A/C in built in the east, it
will still be dwarfed by the US
supercarriers.
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/114841859221073896/
20. 80–90 Sukhoi PAK FA, Mikoyan MiG-
29K, Kamov Ka-27, Mikoyan Skat
Supercarrier Shtorm
Keel laid In design
Launched NA
Commissioning ?
Class Gerald R. Ford
Displacement 90-100,000 t
Speed 30 knots
Flight Deck 330 m
Naviation
21. Should India buy the Shtorm?
• There are reports that Russia has offered to sell India the Shtorm
• PROs:
• The Russian shipbuilding industry is the one that brought the current flagship carrier, INS Vikramaditya to 21st
century standards.
• Moscow plays a role in developing the INS Vikrant.
• Moscow allows technology transfers without restrictive end-user conditions
• Existing MiG-29K and future Sukhoi PAK-FA (being codeveloped by India & Russia) will integrate easily with the ship
• CONs
• Russia has never built a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier whereas the US operates 11 such vessels
• long-running saga of the INS Vikramaditya refit: are the Russians reliable?
• the supply of spares has long been an issue with Russian armaments
http://in.rbth.com/economics/defence/2016/08/10/russian-storm-rising-building-indias-supersized-carrier_619685
22. Lessons from Rajendra Chola
• Building on Rajaraja’s territorial conquests, he built a maritime empire
across the Kalinga Sea
• He took control only of the major trading ports in Burma, Siam and the
Malay Archipelago, and didn’t bother with invading the hinterland
• He established a second capital at Nakkavaram (Nicobar), from where he
could control the sea routes
• He not only built up an armed navy, but also a merchant marine that
ensured the revenues came to him rather than anyone else
23. Lessons from Alfonso de Albuquerque
• He invested in a coastal empire rather than a territorial one (Cosmic resonance?)
• The battle of Diu had established Portuguese supremacy over the Arabian Sea;
Albuquerque built on that
• His command of Diu and Daman shrivelled the space for the Mughal Navy; its admiral
saw it better to build his own state (Janjira) than take on the Portuguese
• Portuguese mastery of deep draught vessels restricted traditional Indian shallow-
draught fighting boats like galbats to the coastline
• Sadly, the Portuguese failed to build up on his vision, and lost their empire to the Dutch
and the English on the east coast, and the Marathas in the Konkan
24. Lessons from Shivaji
• Shivajiraje Bhosale was an SEI long before the term was invented
• Yet as he rose to kingship, he did not underestimate the power of an agile, adaptive navy
• He learned his lessons from the Siddis of Janjira that a marine bolthole was not be scoffed at
• His ensuing chain of maritime forts ensured that the Portuguese in Goa, or the Dutch ascendant
in the Malabar could not establish supremacy over the Konkan coast
• Were he alive today, surely he would have invested in both supercarriers as well as drone war
• But his biggest lesson: invest in people
25. Three-point agenda
• We need a dedicated naval capital
• We must master all kinds of ships, from supercarriers to 1-man units
• We need a string of bases across the Indian Ocean, not just within our
territorial waters