44 election day
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Polling places are usually located in public buildings like schools and town halls. General elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November and are controlled by local boards of elections. The candidate who receives the most votes (plurality) typically wins elections, while the majority of electoral votes determines the presidential election winner. Citizens can propose ballot initiatives through petitions and vote on referendums to approve or disapprove proposed bills.
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Day 25 new
This document provides information about the voting process in the United States. It discusses how to become a registered voter by being 18 years old, a US citizen, and meeting state registration requirements. It describes the two types of elections - primary elections where parties choose candidates, and general elections where the public votes for leaders. It also outlines the differences between closed and open primaries, how independent candidates can get on ballots, when general elections are held, and the history and process of voting.
Unit 5 rebirth of a nation part one 1877 to 1900
The document summarizes Unit 5 of a course on the rebirth of the nation from 1877 to 1900. Section 1 discusses the growth of big business in America led by industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. Section 2 covers the conflict between labor and capital, influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx. Section 3 examines the origins of American empire, including the Spanish-American War and the nation's expansion into places like Hawaii, Cuba, and the Philippines through military action and diplomacy. Key foreign policies that supported imperialism included Roosevelt's Big Stick policy and Taft's Dollar Diplomacy.
Intro wwii
World War II was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the majority of the world's nations and cost over 50 million military and civilian lives. The war began with Germany invading Poland in 1939 and ended with the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Major Allied powers like the US, Britain, and Soviet Union fought against Axis powers led by Germany, Italy, and Japan. The war had enormous human and financial costs and was the most devastating conflict in modern history.
Whyhistory
The document outlines different methods of historical inquiry including recall, interpretation, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. It explains that historians recall facts, interpret events, apply lessons from the past to understand the present, analyze situations by breaking them into parts, synthesize information to find patterns and make generalizations, and evaluate people and events by making judgments. The study of history is important because it allows us to understand our shared experiences and apply lessons from the past to address current issues.
Unit 7 pleasure and pain 1920 to 1945
This document discusses four sections on pleasure and pain between 1920-1945: 1) the Roaring 20s and unequal benefits of economic boom, 2) the Great Depression and its causes/impacts, 3) the New Deal reforms to address the Depression through relief, recovery and reform programs, and 4) the US joining WWII and becoming a superpower after the war. It also analyzes tensions emerging between the US and USSR as allies with differing political systems.
47 community concerns
The document discusses public policy planning and financing. It describes how planning boards and county boards meet to create master plans for infrastructure and both short and long term goals. These plans consider priorities and resources and are financed through property taxes, sales taxes, business licenses, user fees, and bonds.
32 federal court system
There are two separate court systems - federal and state. There are two kinds of court cases - civil and criminal. Jurisdiction refers to a court's authority to hear a case, and there are three types of jurisdiction - original, exclusive, and concurrent jurisdiction.
Unit 9 a nation among nations 1980 to today
Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980 on a platform of smaller government, lower taxes, and stronger national defense. His policies realigned the Republican party and American politics, emphasizing supply-side economics and social conservatism. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world's sole superpower. However, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001 led to prolonged wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Technological innovations and financial deregulation fueled economic growth in the 1990s-2000s, but risky lending practices contributed to the global financial crisis of 2008.
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Day 25 new
This document provides information about the voting process in the United States. It discusses how to become a registered voter by being 18 years old, a US citizen, and meeting state registration requirements. It describes the two types of elections - primary elections where parties choose candidates, and general elections where the public votes for leaders. It also outlines the differences between closed and open primaries, how independent candidates can get on ballots, when general elections are held, and the history and process of voting.
Unit 5 rebirth of a nation part one 1877 to 1900
The document summarizes Unit 5 of a course on the rebirth of the nation from 1877 to 1900. Section 1 discusses the growth of big business in America led by industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. Section 2 covers the conflict between labor and capital, influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx. Section 3 examines the origins of American empire, including the Spanish-American War and the nation's expansion into places like Hawaii, Cuba, and the Philippines through military action and diplomacy. Key foreign policies that supported imperialism included Roosevelt's Big Stick policy and Taft's Dollar Diplomacy.
Intro wwii
World War II was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the majority of the world's nations and cost over 50 million military and civilian lives. The war began with Germany invading Poland in 1939 and ended with the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Major Allied powers like the US, Britain, and Soviet Union fought against Axis powers led by Germany, Italy, and Japan. The war had enormous human and financial costs and was the most devastating conflict in modern history.
Whyhistory
The document outlines different methods of historical inquiry including recall, interpretation, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. It explains that historians recall facts, interpret events, apply lessons from the past to understand the present, analyze situations by breaking them into parts, synthesize information to find patterns and make generalizations, and evaluate people and events by making judgments. The study of history is important because it allows us to understand our shared experiences and apply lessons from the past to address current issues.
Unit 7 pleasure and pain 1920 to 1945
This document discusses four sections on pleasure and pain between 1920-1945: 1) the Roaring 20s and unequal benefits of economic boom, 2) the Great Depression and its causes/impacts, 3) the New Deal reforms to address the Depression through relief, recovery and reform programs, and 4) the US joining WWII and becoming a superpower after the war. It also analyzes tensions emerging between the US and USSR as allies with differing political systems.
47 community concerns
The document discusses public policy planning and financing. It describes how planning boards and county boards meet to create master plans for infrastructure and both short and long term goals. These plans consider priorities and resources and are financed through property taxes, sales taxes, business licenses, user fees, and bonds.
32 federal court system
There are two separate court systems - federal and state. There are two kinds of court cases - civil and criminal. Jurisdiction refers to a court's authority to hear a case, and there are three types of jurisdiction - original, exclusive, and concurrent jurisdiction.
Unit 9 a nation among nations 1980 to today
Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980 on a platform of smaller government, lower taxes, and stronger national defense. His policies realigned the Republican party and American politics, emphasizing supply-side economics and social conservatism. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world's sole superpower. However, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001 led to prolonged wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Technological innovations and financial deregulation fueled economic growth in the 1990s-2000s, but risky lending practices contributed to the global financial crisis of 2008.
45 nc state government
This document discusses key aspects of state government in the United States, including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches at the state level. It notes that state governors serve 4-year terms and lead the executive branch, while state legislatures resemble Congress and are responsible for passing laws. Finally, it outlines the state court system and notes that most state judges are elected officials who handle cases that fall outside of federal jurisdiction.
Unit 4 separation and reconstruction
The document compares statistics between the Union and Confederate States during the American Civil War. It shows that the Union had a significantly larger total and free population, more soldiers, more railroad miles, dominated manufactured goods and firearm production, and exported more cotton before the war. However, by 1864, cotton exports from the Confederacy plummeted as the Union blockade took effect. The document also summarizes Lincoln and Johnson's Reconstruction plans, and opposition from Radical Republicans to Johnson's more lenient approach.
38 political parties in the us
This document outlines the history of political parties in the United States, beginning with the original Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties in the late 18th century. It then discusses the rise of the Whig and Democratic parties in the early 19th century and the Republican party in the mid-19th century. The document also notes that third parties often form to advocate for issues ignored by the major parties and can be based on a single issue, person, or idea. In the final section, it lists some of the current major and minor third parties active in the U.S. today.
Unit 2 forming a nation
This document provides an overview of the key events and factors that led to the formation of America as an independent nation. It discusses the religious Great Awakening movement in the colonies and how it helped stir independence among colonists. It also examines the economic and social conflicts between Britain and the colonies that moved the colonies toward revolution. Finally, it discusses the establishment of the American republic after independence and early challenges like Shays' Rebellion that highlighted the fragility of the new nation.
41 interest groups
The document discusses public opinion and how it is formed and measured. It can be influenced by mass media, public officials, and special interest groups. Public opinion polls attempt to capture opinions through random sampling of the population but they can also influence opinions. Interest groups represent similar interests and concerns on issues and can be economic, demographic, or cause-oriented. They lobby and try to influence people and policy through providing information and supporting candidates. Lobbying activities are regulated by government to prevent bribery and require reporting.
Unit 3 transformation and expansion
This document covers key events and developments during the period of 1800-1848 in the United States, including advances in transportation and communication that enabled westward expansion. It discusses the development of racial ideologies surrounding slavery in the South. The document also examines the reasons and impacts of westward expansion under the ideology of Manifest Destiny, as well as the struggles faced by Native Americans to maintain their lands and cultures in the face of white settlement and government policies.
Unit 8 cold war and civil unrest 1945 to 1980
This document provides an overview of American history from 1945-1980, covering the Cold War era and civil unrest. It discusses the social anxieties of the 1950s, the civil rights movement and key events like Brown v. Board of Education, the Vietnam War and anti-war protests, the Watergate scandal, and Jimmy Carter's presidency. The document uses essential questions to frame different sections and provide context on major political and social issues during this time period.
Mass media
This document discusses the role of mass media in politics. It describes how media events are often staged for media coverage. It outlines the development of different media like print, broadcast television and radio, and how they have shaped politics. Reporters rely on sources for stories and trial balloons to gauge reactions. News coverage favors soundbites and tends to be superficial. The media influence public opinion on what issues are important and how leaders are evaluated. The media can also restrict what policies government pursues through criticism and by pressuring officials to address problems.
Great Depression
The document summarizes the onset of the Great Depression in the United States beginning with the stock market crash of 1929. It describes the struggling economy of the late 1920s due to falling farm prices and consumer spending. The stock market crash signaled the beginning of the Great Depression, causing widespread bank failures and plummeting GDP. Unemployment skyrocketed to 25% by 1933. President Hoover initially believed the economy would recover on its own but as conditions deteriorated he took more action, though it was too little too late to save the economy or his chances of re-election in 1932.
Introduction wwii
World War II began in 1939 and lasted until 1945. It involved many countries around the world, including Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the United States, China, Germany, Italy and Japan. Over 50 million people died in the war. Some of the key causes included the impact of the Great Depression, the Treaty of Versailles which handicapped Germany, and Japan's invasion of China to seek resources. The war resulted in the rise of the United States and Soviet Union as superpowers and weakened Western European influence globally. It also led to the emergence of the Cold War and beginning of the nuclear age.
Ushistoryreview
The document provides an overview of key events and developments in U.S. history from 1800 to 1877, including the Louisiana Purchase, the War of 1812, westward expansion and Manifest Destiny, the Mexican-American War, slavery debates and compromises, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. Key figures discussed include Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and events like the Emancipation Proclamation.
Comparing social movments
The Tea Party movement arose in response to growing dissatisfaction with the federal government, large deficits, and the Obama administration. It is a loosely organized conservative movement that is populist in nature and against big government. While currently popular, especially among independents, analysts disagree on whether it represents the beginning of a new conservative era or is a reactionary movement defined by fear and anger that may not endure. The movement could potentially reshape American politics in the coming decade if it develops strong leadership and a clear vision and agenda.
Gilded age politics
The Gilded Age saw the rise of political machines that controlled major cities. Machines offered services to voters in exchange for support and used graft and sometimes election fraud to maintain power. A political boss would oversee ward and precinct captains who worked to deliver votes, while the boss controlled government jobs, licenses, courts and funneled contracts to supporters. Reforms eventually aimed to reduce patronage and base civil service on merit rather than political loyalty.
Immigration
Large numbers of immigrants entered the United States in the 1850s due to civil unrest, massive unemployment, and famine and disease in Europe. Germans and Irish immigrants came to America to escape these conditions, while later immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe were fleeing religious and ethnic persecution as well as unemployment, famine, and disease.
Class intro (uncoverage)
This presentation discusses how to study history through the eyes of those who lived in the past. The class grading policy focuses on summative and formative assessments, scholarly skills, and practice assignments. The schedule includes background readings followed by workshops examining primary and secondary sources to develop historical context. Students will use technology like Evernote, Mixed Ink and Wikispaces to store research, collaborate on projects, and display final works.
Unit 1 the encounter
The Americas before Columbus had complex cultures and civilizations with no metal technology or large domesticated animals, though they had complex trade networks. The Aztec Empire conquered surrounding peoples and captured warriors to sacrifice. In 1519, the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes landed in Mexico with a small force but allied with native groups like the Nahuas, conquering the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan by 1521, aided by smallpox epidemics. This period saw the Columbian Exchange where crops, animals and diseases were transferred between the Old and New Worlds, changing societies on both sides.
Doing history
This document introduces the historical discipline by outlining the types of questions historians ask, the primary and secondary sources they use, and how to analyze sources. It discusses that historians want to understand what happened, why, how, when, and who was involved. Primary sources include written documents, visual artifacts, and oral histories created during the time under study, while secondary sources are later analyses and interpretations of primary sources. When evaluating sources, historians consider the creator's identity and biases, as well as how close they were to the event. This helps provide context to better understand what a source means and its quality as a source of information about the past.
The transatlantic slave trade
The document discusses the history of slavery and the slave trade in the Americas. It begins by describing the harsh conditions slaves faced aboard crowded slave ships during the Middle Passage, with little food or water. It then addresses how slavery developed as an economic system, with plantations in the Caribbean and Americas relying on African slave labor to address a shortage of workers for the sugar industry. Racism towards those of African descent emerged during this period. European powers established companies to regulate trade and the slave trade grew into a large business, with slaves often obtained through warfare or kidnapping in Western Africa and exchanged for European guns and goods.
What is-history-ppt2347
This document outlines key concepts for understanding history, including who makes history, what is included or excluded, when and where it takes place, and why we study it. It also discusses major themes in U.S. history like immigration, liberty, federalism vs anti-federalism, religion, economics, imperialism, civil rights, and poses important questions about nation-building, violence, interpreting the constitution, and the role of government. The purpose is to provide an overview of essential elements and debates within the study of history.
The encounter
The document discusses the Americas before Columbus, including that there were over 50 million indigenous people with complex cultures and trade networks but no metal technology or large domesticated animals. It then focuses on the Aztec Empire, describing them as skilled warriors who conquered surrounding peoples and captured enemies for sacrifice. It notes that Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs by 1521 with the help of native allies and the smallpox epidemic. The document also briefly discusses Moctezuma II, the Aztec ruler held prisoner by the conquistadores, and the Columbian Exchange that resulted from contact between the Old and New Worlds.
52 flow of economic activity
The document discusses why individuals participate in the economic system. It explains that the economic system is circular, with individuals providing labor to businesses and government in exchange for wages, and then using those wages to purchase goods and services from businesses. This continuous cycle of exchanging labor for wages to buy goods repeats throughout one's lifetime as participation in the economic system is what enables individuals to meet their basic needs to live.
51 criminal & juvenile court
The document outlines the key stages and processes in the US criminal justice system, including arrest, preliminary hearings, indictments, arraignments, plea bargaining, trials, verdicts, and sentencing. It also discusses how the system treats juvenile offenders differently, with the goal of juvenile courts being rehabilitation rather than punishment. Juveniles have additional protections and typically receive lighter punishments such as probation, community service, or placement in foster care or reform schools.
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45 nc state government
This document discusses key aspects of state government in the United States, including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches at the state level. It notes that state governors serve 4-year terms and lead the executive branch, while state legislatures resemble Congress and are responsible for passing laws. Finally, it outlines the state court system and notes that most state judges are elected officials who handle cases that fall outside of federal jurisdiction.
Unit 4 separation and reconstruction
The document compares statistics between the Union and Confederate States during the American Civil War. It shows that the Union had a significantly larger total and free population, more soldiers, more railroad miles, dominated manufactured goods and firearm production, and exported more cotton before the war. However, by 1864, cotton exports from the Confederacy plummeted as the Union blockade took effect. The document also summarizes Lincoln and Johnson's Reconstruction plans, and opposition from Radical Republicans to Johnson's more lenient approach.
38 political parties in the us
This document outlines the history of political parties in the United States, beginning with the original Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties in the late 18th century. It then discusses the rise of the Whig and Democratic parties in the early 19th century and the Republican party in the mid-19th century. The document also notes that third parties often form to advocate for issues ignored by the major parties and can be based on a single issue, person, or idea. In the final section, it lists some of the current major and minor third parties active in the U.S. today.
Unit 2 forming a nation
This document provides an overview of the key events and factors that led to the formation of America as an independent nation. It discusses the religious Great Awakening movement in the colonies and how it helped stir independence among colonists. It also examines the economic and social conflicts between Britain and the colonies that moved the colonies toward revolution. Finally, it discusses the establishment of the American republic after independence and early challenges like Shays' Rebellion that highlighted the fragility of the new nation.
41 interest groups
The document discusses public opinion and how it is formed and measured. It can be influenced by mass media, public officials, and special interest groups. Public opinion polls attempt to capture opinions through random sampling of the population but they can also influence opinions. Interest groups represent similar interests and concerns on issues and can be economic, demographic, or cause-oriented. They lobby and try to influence people and policy through providing information and supporting candidates. Lobbying activities are regulated by government to prevent bribery and require reporting.
Unit 3 transformation and expansion
This document covers key events and developments during the period of 1800-1848 in the United States, including advances in transportation and communication that enabled westward expansion. It discusses the development of racial ideologies surrounding slavery in the South. The document also examines the reasons and impacts of westward expansion under the ideology of Manifest Destiny, as well as the struggles faced by Native Americans to maintain their lands and cultures in the face of white settlement and government policies.
Unit 8 cold war and civil unrest 1945 to 1980
This document provides an overview of American history from 1945-1980, covering the Cold War era and civil unrest. It discusses the social anxieties of the 1950s, the civil rights movement and key events like Brown v. Board of Education, the Vietnam War and anti-war protests, the Watergate scandal, and Jimmy Carter's presidency. The document uses essential questions to frame different sections and provide context on major political and social issues during this time period.
Mass media
This document discusses the role of mass media in politics. It describes how media events are often staged for media coverage. It outlines the development of different media like print, broadcast television and radio, and how they have shaped politics. Reporters rely on sources for stories and trial balloons to gauge reactions. News coverage favors soundbites and tends to be superficial. The media influence public opinion on what issues are important and how leaders are evaluated. The media can also restrict what policies government pursues through criticism and by pressuring officials to address problems.
Great Depression
The document summarizes the onset of the Great Depression in the United States beginning with the stock market crash of 1929. It describes the struggling economy of the late 1920s due to falling farm prices and consumer spending. The stock market crash signaled the beginning of the Great Depression, causing widespread bank failures and plummeting GDP. Unemployment skyrocketed to 25% by 1933. President Hoover initially believed the economy would recover on its own but as conditions deteriorated he took more action, though it was too little too late to save the economy or his chances of re-election in 1932.
Introduction wwii
World War II began in 1939 and lasted until 1945. It involved many countries around the world, including Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the United States, China, Germany, Italy and Japan. Over 50 million people died in the war. Some of the key causes included the impact of the Great Depression, the Treaty of Versailles which handicapped Germany, and Japan's invasion of China to seek resources. The war resulted in the rise of the United States and Soviet Union as superpowers and weakened Western European influence globally. It also led to the emergence of the Cold War and beginning of the nuclear age.
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Ushistoryreview
The document provides an overview of key events and developments in U.S. history from 1800 to 1877, including the Louisiana Purchase, the War of 1812, westward expansion and Manifest Destiny, the Mexican-American War, slavery debates and compromises, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. Key figures discussed include Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and events like the Emancipation Proclamation.
Comparing social movments
The Tea Party movement arose in response to growing dissatisfaction with the federal government, large deficits, and the Obama administration. It is a loosely organized conservative movement that is populist in nature and against big government. While currently popular, especially among independents, analysts disagree on whether it represents the beginning of a new conservative era or is a reactionary movement defined by fear and anger that may not endure. The movement could potentially reshape American politics in the coming decade if it develops strong leadership and a clear vision and agenda.
Gilded age politics
The Gilded Age saw the rise of political machines that controlled major cities. Machines offered services to voters in exchange for support and used graft and sometimes election fraud to maintain power. A political boss would oversee ward and precinct captains who worked to deliver votes, while the boss controlled government jobs, licenses, courts and funneled contracts to supporters. Reforms eventually aimed to reduce patronage and base civil service on merit rather than political loyalty.
Immigration
Large numbers of immigrants entered the United States in the 1850s due to civil unrest, massive unemployment, and famine and disease in Europe. Germans and Irish immigrants came to America to escape these conditions, while later immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe were fleeing religious and ethnic persecution as well as unemployment, famine, and disease.
Class intro (uncoverage)
This presentation discusses how to study history through the eyes of those who lived in the past. The class grading policy focuses on summative and formative assessments, scholarly skills, and practice assignments. The schedule includes background readings followed by workshops examining primary and secondary sources to develop historical context. Students will use technology like Evernote, Mixed Ink and Wikispaces to store research, collaborate on projects, and display final works.
Unit 1 the encounter
The Americas before Columbus had complex cultures and civilizations with no metal technology or large domesticated animals, though they had complex trade networks. The Aztec Empire conquered surrounding peoples and captured warriors to sacrifice. In 1519, the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes landed in Mexico with a small force but allied with native groups like the Nahuas, conquering the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan by 1521, aided by smallpox epidemics. This period saw the Columbian Exchange where crops, animals and diseases were transferred between the Old and New Worlds, changing societies on both sides.
Doing history
This document introduces the historical discipline by outlining the types of questions historians ask, the primary and secondary sources they use, and how to analyze sources. It discusses that historians want to understand what happened, why, how, when, and who was involved. Primary sources include written documents, visual artifacts, and oral histories created during the time under study, while secondary sources are later analyses and interpretations of primary sources. When evaluating sources, historians consider the creator's identity and biases, as well as how close they were to the event. This helps provide context to better understand what a source means and its quality as a source of information about the past.
The transatlantic slave trade
The document discusses the history of slavery and the slave trade in the Americas. It begins by describing the harsh conditions slaves faced aboard crowded slave ships during the Middle Passage, with little food or water. It then addresses how slavery developed as an economic system, with plantations in the Caribbean and Americas relying on African slave labor to address a shortage of workers for the sugar industry. Racism towards those of African descent emerged during this period. European powers established companies to regulate trade and the slave trade grew into a large business, with slaves often obtained through warfare or kidnapping in Western Africa and exchanged for European guns and goods.
What is-history-ppt2347
This document outlines key concepts for understanding history, including who makes history, what is included or excluded, when and where it takes place, and why we study it. It also discusses major themes in U.S. history like immigration, liberty, federalism vs anti-federalism, religion, economics, imperialism, civil rights, and poses important questions about nation-building, violence, interpreting the constitution, and the role of government. The purpose is to provide an overview of essential elements and debates within the study of history.
The encounter
The document discusses the Americas before Columbus, including that there were over 50 million indigenous people with complex cultures and trade networks but no metal technology or large domesticated animals. It then focuses on the Aztec Empire, describing them as skilled warriors who conquered surrounding peoples and captured enemies for sacrifice. It notes that Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs by 1521 with the help of native allies and the smallpox epidemic. The document also briefly discusses Moctezuma II, the Aztec ruler held prisoner by the conquistadores, and the Columbian Exchange that resulted from contact between the Old and New Worlds.
52 flow of economic activity
The document discusses why individuals participate in the economic system. It explains that the economic system is circular, with individuals providing labor to businesses and government in exchange for wages, and then using those wages to purchase goods and services from businesses. This continuous cycle of exchanging labor for wages to buy goods repeats throughout one's lifetime as participation in the economic system is what enables individuals to meet their basic needs to live.
51 criminal & juvenile court
The document outlines the key stages and processes in the US criminal justice system, including arrest, preliminary hearings, indictments, arraignments, plea bargaining, trials, verdicts, and sentencing. It also discusses how the system treats juvenile offenders differently, with the goal of juvenile courts being rehabilitation rather than punishment. Juveniles have additional protections and typically receive lighter punishments such as probation, community service, or placement in foster care or reform schools.
50 civil and criminal cases
Lawsuits can involve property disputes, contract issues, divorce, or negligence cases where one person's careless actions caused an accident. Suits of equity ask the court to make a fairness-based decision in areas without clear laws, often through injunctions that order parties to act or refrain from acting. Criminal cases deal with violations of criminal codes and can involve misdemeanors, felonies, or crimes against people and property, with penalties varying based on the seriousness of the crime.
49 legal rights
This document outlines basic legal rights that citizens have under the law, including protections from unlawful imprisonment through writ of habeas corpus, protections against retroactive laws and laws targeting specific individuals, rights to due process and equal protection, protections for those accused of treason, the right to a fair and speedy trial by jury with rights against self-incrimination and to confront witnesses, and protections against double jeopardy and cruel/unusual punishments.
48 sources and types of laws
The document discusses different types of laws:
1) Good laws should be fair, reasonable, understandable and enforceable.
2) Laws have developed from ancient systems like Hammurabi's Code and Roman Codes, to English common law and the American Constitution.
3) There are several categories of law including criminal law, civil law, constitutional law, administrative law, and international law.
46 local governments
County government is the largest level of local government, deriving its authority from state government. Common purposes of county government include providing services like law enforcement, fire services, education, and more through officials like commissioners, managers, and clerks. County government passes local laws and ordinances.
43 election campaigns
Winning an election involves two main parts - the nomination process and campaigning. The nomination process includes caucuses, primaries, and national conventions where party representatives select their candidates. Campaigning is primarily done through advertising in the media, canvassing voters in person, and utilizing endorsements from famous individuals to gain support. Funding can come from both public sources as well as private donations and PACs, with regulations on donation limits.
42 right to vote
To vote in elections, one must be 18 years old, a U.S. citizen, and a resident of their community. While all eligible citizens make up the electorate, the elderly are most likely to vote while the youngest citizens are the least likely. Some people do not vote because they have lost their right to, did not register, recently moved, or feel apathetic about the process. Obstacles to voting include apathy, the registration process, and limited voting times.
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在线办理(latrobe毕业证书)拉筹伯大学毕业证Offer一模一样
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44 election day
- 1. Polling Places -Polling Places -precinct based -Usually in schools, town halls, public places -open early and close late
- 2. General Elections -Elections are controlled by the local Board of Elections -General Election held November--1st Tuesday after 1st Monday -Plurality---winning the most votes -majority---getting more than half of the votes -most popular votes (plurality) wins most elections -majority of electoral votes determine the winner of the Presidency
- 3. Voting on Issues -Initiatives -method where citizens propose a bill through a petition and place it on the ballot for a general election vote -Referendums -method of public approval for a proposed bill where the legislature temporarily passes a bill until the public is given a chance to approve or disapprove the bill
- 4. Casting Your Vote -must go to the polling place -I.D. is checked against list of registered voters -cast your vote paper ballots lever machines punch cards computer -you may encounter an exit poll
- 5. Types of Votes -Straight Ticket -voting only for one political party -Split Ticket -voting for candidates from either party -Absentee Ballot -Write-In Votes
- 6. Special Kinds of Elections -Referendums -Initiatives -Recounts -Run-Offs -Recalls