Rust is the new kid on the block. It's a system programming language that is blazingly fast and offers powerful high-level abstractions better known from dynamic languages like Ruby or Python. Rust offers memory safety without a Garbage Collector and makes low-level programming easier and more secure. I will give an introductory talk about Rust and show some of its nicest features.

1. Why Rust?

2. - Düsseldorf, Germany
- Backend Engineer at trivago
- Website performance team
- Worked a lot with Python and PHP
- Likes hot chocolate
@matthiasendler
Matthias Endler
mre

3. C
me
C++

5. System Programming
Memory management
Error handling
Static Typing
Compiling
…

6. Rust
- Created by Graydon Hoare
- Funded by Mozilla
- First version: 2010
- Current stable version 1.8
A safe systems language

7. System Programming
is challenging!

8. • Provide the right abstractions
• Provide awesome tools
• Allow making mistakes
• Build a helpful community
System Programming
can be fun!

9. Complexity vs Speed
• PHP
• Python
• Golang
• Rust
• C
Faster „Easier“

10. RUST: High level on bare metal

11. Where Rust shines
Everywhere you want speed and safety
• Operating Systems
• Compilers
• Emulators
Encryption
• Databases
Numerics
• Graphics Programming
• Data Pipelines
Finance
• …

12. struct Person {
first_name: String,
last_name: String,
age: i32
}
impl Person {
pub fn new(first_name: String, last_name: String, age: i32) -> Person {
Person {
first_name: first_name,
last_name: last_name,
age: age
}
}
}
fn main() {
let mut vec = Vec::new();
vec.push(Person::new(String::from("Austin"), String::from("Powers"), 13));
vec.push(Person::new(String::from("Dr."), String::from("Evil"), 30));
for person in &vec {
let result = match person.age {
0...18 => "Teenager",
18 => "Old enough to go to war",
_ => "Too Old"
};
}
}
RUST

13. What I like about…
• PHP: Package manager, Community
• Python: Syntax, Libraries
• Golang:Tooling, Documentation, Concurrency
• C: Speed, no overhead

14. What I like about…
• PHP: Package manager, Community
• Python: Syntax, Libraries
• Golang:Tooling, Documentation, Concurrency
• C: Speed, no overhead
RUST

15. What sucks about…
• PHP: Syntax (a bit), legacy functions
• Python: Package manager, 2 vs 3
• Golang: Error handling, package
manager, no generics, Syntax (a bit)
• C: Missing package manager, safety

16. What sucks about
Rust
• Syntax (a bit)
• „Fighting with the Borrow checker“
• Missing packages (you can help!)
• probably more…

17. Type safety
Type
expression
Type
checking
Garbage
Collector
C unsafe explicit static No
C++ unsafe explicit static No
Go safe implicit/explicit static Yes
Rust safe implicit/explicit static/dynamic optional

18. #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::vector<std::string> v;
v.push_back("foo");
auto const &x = v[0];
v.push_back("bar");
// Undefined behavior!
std::cout << x;
}
C++

19. There’s multiple mutable references to the same data
auto const &x = v[0] v was copied to new location

20. fn main() {
let mut v = Vec::new();
v.push("foo");
let mut x = &mut v[0];
v.push("bar");
println!("{}", x)
}
RUST

21. Rust
- No data races
- No segfaults
- No null pointers
- No race conditions

22. John Carmack, Creator of Doom and Quake

23. fn f(x: Type) {...}
fn f(x: &Type) {...}
fn f(x: &mut Type) {...}
Mutable borrow
Ownership
• Share as you like
• read-only
• one at a time
• read/write
Immutable borrow
• Total control
• read-write

24. IDEs?

25. Visual Studio

26. Visual Studio Code using Rusty Code plugin

27. Atom with language-rust plugin

28. Some common cargo commands are:
build Compile the current project
doc Build this project's and its dependencies' documentation
new Create a new cargo project
run Build and execute src/main.rs
test Run the tests
bench Run the benchmarks
update Update dependencies listed in Cargo.lock
search Search registry for crates
publish Package and upload this project to the registry
install Install a Rust binary
Cargo
the Rust package manager

29. Updating registry `https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index`
simple_parallel (0.3.0) Straight-forward functions and types for basic data
parallel operations, including parallel maps, for loops and thread pools.
forkjoin (2.3.0) A work stealing fork-join parallelism library for Rust
arrayfire (3.2.0) ArrayFire is a high performance software library for
parallel computing with an easy-to-use API. Its array based function set m…
parry (0.1.0) Parallel array processing: deflect performance
problems.
mpi (0.2.0) Message Passing Interface bindings for Rust
specs (0.6.1) Parallel Entity-Component System. Specs is a parallel
ECS in Rust. It combines the performance of the beast with the flexibili…
collenchyma (0.0.8) high-performance computation on any hardware
substudy (0.4.0) Language-learning tools for working with parallel,
bilingual subtitles and media files.
crossbeam (0.2.9) Support for lock-free data structures, synchronizers,
and parallel programming
abc (0.2.3) An implementation of Karaboga's Artificial Bee Colony
algorithm.
... and 27 crates more (use --limit N to see more)
››› cargo search parallel

30. My tool wishlist
Unit testing: cargo test
Package manager
Syntax highlighting
Formatting
Code completion
Debugging
Code linter
Benchmarking
Profiling
Code coverage

31. https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/testing.html
Unit testing

32. My tool wishlist
Unit testing: cargo test
Package manager: cargo build/run/install
Syntax highlighting
Formatting
Code completion
Debugging
Code linter
Benchmarking
Profiling
Code coverage

33. My tool wishlist
Unit testing: cargo test
Package manager: cargo build/run/install
Syntax highlighting: many plugins
Formatting
Code completion
Debugging
Code linter
Benchmarking
Profiling
Code coverage

34. My tool wishlist
Unit testing: cargo test
Package manager: cargo build/run/install
Syntax highlighting: many plugins
Formatting: rustfmt
Code completion
Debugging
Code linter
Benchmarking
Profiling
Code coverage

35. My tool wishlist
Unit testing: cargo test
Package manager: cargo build/run/install
Syntax highlighting: many plugins
Formatting: rustfmt
Code completion: racer
Debugging
Code linter
Benchmarking
Profiling
Code coverage

36. My tool wishlist
Unit testing: cargo test
Package manager: cargo build/run/install
Syntax highlighting: many plugins
Formatting: rustfmt
Code completion: racer
Debugging: rust gdb?
Code linter
Benchmarking
Profiling
Code coverage

37. My tool wishlist
Unit testing: cargo test
Package manager: cargo build/run/install
Syntax highlighting: many plugins
Formatting: rustfmt
Code completion: racer
Debugging: rust gdb?
Code linter: clippy
Benchmarking
Profiling
Code coverage

38. My tool wishlist
Unit testing: cargo test
Package manager: cargo build/run/install
Syntax highlighting: many plugins
Formatting: rustfmt
Code completion: racer
Debugging: rust gdb?
Code linter: clippy
Benchmarking: cargo bench
Profiling
Code coverage

39. My tool wishlist
Unit testing: cargo test
Package manager: cargo build/run/install
Syntax highlighting: many plugins
Formatting: rustfmt
Code completion: racer
Debugging: rust gdb?
Code linter: clippy
Benchmarking: cargo bench
Profiling: meh…
Code coverage

40. My tool wishlist
Unit testing: cargo test
Package manager: cargo build/run/install
Syntax highlighting: many plugins
Formatting: rustfmt
Code completion: racer
Debugging: rust gdb?
Code linter: clippy
Benchmarking: cargo bench
Profiling: meh… torch?
Code coverage

41. https://llogiq.github.io/2015/07/15/profiling.html
Calls
Time

42. My tool wishlist
Unit testing: cargo test
Package manager: cargo build/run/install
Syntax highlighting: many plugins
Formatting: rustfmt
Code completion: racer
Debugging: rust gdb?
Code linter: clippy
Benchmarking: cargo bench
Profiling: meh… torch?
Code coverage: kcov?

43. kcov …is a code coverage tester for
compiled programs, Python
scripts and shell scripts
language: rust
matrix:
fast_finish: true
include:
- rust: nightly
env: FEATURES="--features nightly"
sudo: false
- rust: nightly
env: FEATURES="--features nightly" BENCH=true
sudo: false
- rust: beta
sudo: true
after_success: |
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev libelf-dev libdw-dev &&
wget https://github.com/SimonKagstrom/kcov/archive/master.tar.gz &&
tar xzf master.tar.gz && mkdir kcov-master/build && cd kcov-master/build && cmake .. && make &&
sudo make install && cd ../.. &&
kcov --coveralls-id=$TRAVIS_JOB_ID --exclude-pattern=/.cargo target/kcov target/debug/hyper-*
Put this into your .travis.yml:

44. Summary
Lots of work to do
But impressive start

45. We need to focus on those…
• Debugging
• Profiling
• Code Coverage

46. glium
• High-level wrapper around OpenGL
• Avoids all OpenGL errors
diesel • A safe, extensible ORM and Query Builder
• Operating System written in pure Rust,
designed to be modular and secure
Redox
crossbeam • A collection of lock-less data structures
turbine
• A high-performance, non-locking, inter-task
communication library written in Rust.
• Go channels on steroids

47. Bonus
rr - a reverse debugger
(http://rr-project.org/)
Dash - Offline API Documentation browser for Mac
(https://kapeli.com/dash)
Crates.io reverse package lookup
(https://crates.io/crates/serde/reverse_dependencies)

48. www.meetup.com/Rust-Amsterdam

49. https://users.rust-lang.org/

50. Even more at
https://gist.github.com/nrc/a3bbf6dd1b14ce57f18c
http://kukuruku.co/hub/rust/comparing-rust-and-cpp