Why is black friday called black friday
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Black Friday is an informal name for the Friday following Thanksgiving Day in the United States, which is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November.
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The document discusses diversity, culture, holidays, and shopping in the United States. It notes that the US considers itself a nation of immigrants from around the world. It also describes some key federal holidays like Thanksgiving, Independence Day, and Martin Luther King Jr. Day. Finally, it provides details about shopping malls and large supermarket chains that are prevalent across the country.
гудей дмитро 21 пвб день св.валентина
Valentine's Day is celebrated on February 14th and has various traditions and meanings. It originated from Saint Valentine, who secretly married couples when it was forbidden and was martyred on February 14th. Some interesting facts about Valentine's Day include that the first valentines were written by the Duke of Orleans in prison, the most expensive valentine cost $300,000, and Valentine's Day is also celebrated by giving gifts to pets. Traditions and meanings of roses and other gifts vary by culture.
Valentine day
Saint Valentine's Day, also known as Valentine's Day or the Feast of Saint Valentine, is observed on February 14 each year. It is celebrated in many countries around the world, although it remains a working day in most of them.
St valentine's day
St. Valentine was a priest in Rome in the 3rd century who secretly married couples after the emperor banned marriage for young men, believing single men made better soldiers. Valentine was imprisoned and killed for defying this decree. Another legend says he sent the first valentine greeting to a girl he fell in love with while imprisoned. February has long been associated with romance. The Christian church may have designated February 14 as St. Valentine's Day to Christianize the pagan Roman fertility festival of Lupercalia celebrated on February 15. Over time, Valentine's Day became a day focused on expressing romantic love through greetings and gifts.
Gloria Thanksgiving
Thanksgiving Day is celebrated in the United States on the fourth Thursday of November as a time to give thanks for the harvest and spend time with family and friends over a large feast. The traditional Thanksgiving meal includes turkey, stuffing, mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie. While the first Thanksgiving was celebrated in 1621, it was not declared a national holiday until 1863. Today, Thanksgiving kicks off the Christmas shopping season, with Black Friday known for significant store discounts and doorbuster deals, while Cyber Monday focuses on online sales.
Valentin days article i
Valentine's Day originated from a Roman tradition celebrating fertility. It was later adopted by the Catholic Church and dedicated to Saint Valentine, who was executed by Emperor Claudius II for secretly performing marriages. Throughout the Middle Ages and rise of courtly love, Valentine became an important figure in literature and romance. In the 19th century, the tradition spread to America through greeting card companies, popularizing the exchange of love notes and gifts on February 14th. Today, Valentine's Day is a major commercial holiday focused on expressions of affection, with nearly a billion greeting cards exchanged each year, mostly purchased by women. While the Vatican removed Saint Valentine from the liturgical calendar, the popularity of the figure and celebration of love on this date
Thanksgiving
Thanksgiving is a national holiday celebrated in the United States and Canada to give thanks for the harvest and the past year. Its origins can be traced to English traditions of celebrating religious services of thanksgiving, which were brought over by early Pilgrims and Puritans in New England. One of the earliest Thanksgiving celebrations in North America occurred in Plymouth colony in 1621, though the modern Thanksgiving holiday is traced to a national holiday established by Abraham Lincoln in 1863.
Holidays
This document provides brief descriptions of various holidays celebrated around the world, including: Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Valentine's Day, St. Patrick's Day, Memorial Day, Passover, Flag Day, Patriot Day, Thanksgiving, Remembrance Day, Halloween, Boxing Day, and Hanukkah. For each, it gives some key details about the date it falls on, its origins and traditions, and how it is commemorated or celebrated in different places.
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Evaluacion3
The document discusses diversity, culture, holidays, and shopping in the United States. It notes that the US considers itself a nation of immigrants from around the world. It also describes some key federal holidays like Thanksgiving, Independence Day, and Martin Luther King Jr. Day. Finally, it provides details about shopping malls and large supermarket chains that are prevalent across the country.
гудей дмитро 21 пвб день св.валентина
Valentine's Day is celebrated on February 14th and has various traditions and meanings. It originated from Saint Valentine, who secretly married couples when it was forbidden and was martyred on February 14th. Some interesting facts about Valentine's Day include that the first valentines were written by the Duke of Orleans in prison, the most expensive valentine cost $300,000, and Valentine's Day is also celebrated by giving gifts to pets. Traditions and meanings of roses and other gifts vary by culture.
Valentine day
Saint Valentine's Day, also known as Valentine's Day or the Feast of Saint Valentine, is observed on February 14 each year. It is celebrated in many countries around the world, although it remains a working day in most of them.
St valentine's day
St. Valentine was a priest in Rome in the 3rd century who secretly married couples after the emperor banned marriage for young men, believing single men made better soldiers. Valentine was imprisoned and killed for defying this decree. Another legend says he sent the first valentine greeting to a girl he fell in love with while imprisoned. February has long been associated with romance. The Christian church may have designated February 14 as St. Valentine's Day to Christianize the pagan Roman fertility festival of Lupercalia celebrated on February 15. Over time, Valentine's Day became a day focused on expressing romantic love through greetings and gifts.
Gloria Thanksgiving
Thanksgiving Day is celebrated in the United States on the fourth Thursday of November as a time to give thanks for the harvest and spend time with family and friends over a large feast. The traditional Thanksgiving meal includes turkey, stuffing, mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie. While the first Thanksgiving was celebrated in 1621, it was not declared a national holiday until 1863. Today, Thanksgiving kicks off the Christmas shopping season, with Black Friday known for significant store discounts and doorbuster deals, while Cyber Monday focuses on online sales.
Valentin days article i
Valentine's Day originated from a Roman tradition celebrating fertility. It was later adopted by the Catholic Church and dedicated to Saint Valentine, who was executed by Emperor Claudius II for secretly performing marriages. Throughout the Middle Ages and rise of courtly love, Valentine became an important figure in literature and romance. In the 19th century, the tradition spread to America through greeting card companies, popularizing the exchange of love notes and gifts on February 14th. Today, Valentine's Day is a major commercial holiday focused on expressions of affection, with nearly a billion greeting cards exchanged each year, mostly purchased by women. While the Vatican removed Saint Valentine from the liturgical calendar, the popularity of the figure and celebration of love on this date
Thanksgiving
Thanksgiving is a national holiday celebrated in the United States and Canada to give thanks for the harvest and the past year. Its origins can be traced to English traditions of celebrating religious services of thanksgiving, which were brought over by early Pilgrims and Puritans in New England. One of the earliest Thanksgiving celebrations in North America occurred in Plymouth colony in 1621, though the modern Thanksgiving holiday is traced to a national holiday established by Abraham Lincoln in 1863.
Holidays
This document provides brief descriptions of various holidays celebrated around the world, including: Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Valentine's Day, St. Patrick's Day, Memorial Day, Passover, Flag Day, Patriot Day, Thanksgiving, Remembrance Day, Halloween, Boxing Day, and Hanukkah. For each, it gives some key details about the date it falls on, its origins and traditions, and how it is commemorated or celebrated in different places.
Valentineday cards PPT
Made it with love on Valentine's Day
check more at www.valentinesdaycardsprintables.com
hope you like it and share with your friends and especially valentine's on this valentine's day!
Thanks in advance for each and everyone who like
HTM2118 GROUP PROJECT
The document provides information about various aspects of culture in the United Kingdom, including:
1. The UK consists of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Several cultural influences are discussed including literature, sports, food, religions, and traditions.
2. These cultures have impacts on the tourism and hospitality industries in the UK. Tourists are drawn to various cultural attractions and events. Hospitality providers must understand cultural customs to best serve guests.
3. The document concludes that UK culture brings both positive and negative impacts on tourists, and the tourism and hospitality industries are highly connected to UK culture.
Lecture 13 of Culture study
London is the capital city of England and the UK, located on the River Thames. Many famous landmarks are found in London, such as the Tower of London and Tower Bridge. Westminster Abbey and the Palace of Westminster are also historically significant. London was heavily bombed in World War II but has since been rebuilt. Today it is a global financial and cultural center, though housing is very expensive so many commuters live in the suburbs. New Year's Eve in Britain is celebrated with parties and fireworks to ring in the new year. In Scotland, it is known as Hogmanay and involves additional traditions like first-footing.
Exposicion de ingles san valentin
Valentine's Day originated from ancient Roman traditions celebrating love and fertility during mid-February. It later became associated with Saint Valentine, a third century priest who secretly married couples against the Emperor's orders and was martyred on February 14th. Today, Valentine's Day is celebrated in many countries as a day for expressing love and affection with partners, family and friends through the exchange of gifts, cards and flowers.
Valentine's Day Trivia
Around 1 billion Valentine's Day cards are exchanged each year, making it the second largest seasonal card-sending occasion after Christmas. In ancient Rome, Emperor Claudius II had a priest named Valentine executed for secretly performing marriages, and in the Middle Ages, young men and women would draw names from a bowl to see who their valentines would be for the week. Various old traditions and superstitions surrounding Valentine's Day include beliefs about what type of bird a woman saw predicting her future husband, eating a hard-boiled egg on Valentine's Eve would reveal one's future spouse in a dream, and the city of Verona receives about 1,000 letters annually addressed to Shakespeare's Juliet.
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This document contains a collection of images from the late 19th and early 20th centuries depicting the use of horses and mules in various contexts such as transportation, farming, military activities, and daily life. The images show horses and mules pulling wagons, carts, fire trucks, ferries and more. They illustrate the important role these animals played before the widespread adoption of motor vehicles.
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The document contains 20 black and white photographs from the late 19th and early 20th centuries depicting various scenes from across the United States and other locations. The photos show everyday life, transportation methods, people, cities, and historical events or figures from that time period. Locations include New Jersey, Florida, Washington D.C., Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Alabama, Michigan, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, the Bahamas, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Utah.
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The document contains 20 black and white photographs from the late 19th and early 20th centuries depicting various scenes from across the United States and other locations. The photos show everyday life, transportation methods, people, cities, and events from the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Horse and mulepower
The document appears to be a collection of photographs from various locations in the United States and elsewhere between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The photos depict a range of subjects including landscapes, modes of transportation, people, and historical events or figures. Locations span from New Jersey to Florida to the Bahamas.
Ed 270 pp
Prohibition was the banning of alcohol in the United States from 1920 to 1933. During this time, illegal speakeasies operated covertly to sell alcohol, like The Green Door Tavern in Chicago. Al Capone was a notorious gangster during Prohibition who organized the St. Valentine's Day Massacre to eliminate a rival gang. Crime museums today still have exhibits showcasing artifacts from Prohibition-era gangs and moonshining operations. Southern states like Virginia saw widespread moonshining during Prohibition as a means of income.
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The document discusses how holidays can be spent in Poland and other European countries. It also describes some winter holiday activities like skiing and snowboarding. Finally, it discusses traditions and activities associated with Christmas and Easter holidays in Poland as well as things to do on holidays in the city or country.
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era of the great war - rent strikes
During World War I, major rent strikes took place across Scotland in 1915 to protest landlords sharply increasing rents by up to 25%. As industries like shipbuilding boomed and populations grew in cities like Glasgow, there was high demand for housing but rents became unaffordable for many tenants. Over 25,000 people participated in rent strikes, refusing to pay and sometimes violently confronting authorities. The government passed the Rent Restriction Act to cap rents at 1914 prices to quell the unrest, which was disrupting the war effort and threatening revolution. The successful rent strikes empowered workers to demand better conditions and wages through additional industrial action.
5 thanksgiving parades
The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is an annual parade held in New York City on Thanksgiving Day. The parade tradition started in 1924 when Macy's employees dressed in costumes and marched through Central Park. In 1927, Felix the Cat became the first giant balloon featured in the parade. Today, the parade is broadcast nationwide and attracts over 44 million television viewers as it marches through Manhattan featuring giant balloons, floats, and performers.
Horse and mule power
The document contains descriptions and photographs of various locations, events, and occupations from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including beaches, cities, farms, transportation methods, industries, military scenes, and more. The photos provide a glimpse of life in America and other places in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
1 history
Thanksgiving is celebrated in both the United States and Canada as a harvest festival and time to give thanks. In the US it falls on the fourth Thursday of November, while in Canada it is observed on the second Monday of October. The modern traditions of Thanksgiving have origins in both European harvest festivals and celebrations held by Native Americans and early North American settlers. The holiday typically involves families and friends gathering for a feast that usually includes turkey, potatoes, vegetables and pumpkin pie.
Written Statement For Oral Reading May 6 2009
This letter summarizes and supports a bill to establish a legal holiday called "Firebun Day" in the U.S. Virgin Islands to commemorate laborers' actions on October 1, 1878. The author argues the events of 1878 known as the "Firebun" were appropriate actions by laborers who had no legal means of addressing poor working conditions and lack of political representation. The author recommends renaming the holiday solely "Firebun Day" and amending the bill's language to properly recognize the women who organized and led the labor actions of 1878.
Presentation4
The document contains various items found together including a 1917 wedding announcement for Viola Redmond Schullz and Robert Lee Sanford Jr. at Peter and Paul's Cathedral in Detroit, Michigan; an old ribbon from the United Daughters of the Confederacy that belonged to a girl from Central Louisiana; and a collection of 1939 almanacs and brochures for kerosene stoves from that era.
Black friday
The term "Black Friday" originated in Philadelphia to describe the heavy pedestrian and vehicle traffic that occurred on the day after Thanksgiving. While some sources claim it referred to an 1869 financial crisis, most evidence suggests it referred to this post-Thanksgiving shopping traffic. Now, Black Friday sales and deals have become a major shopping tradition in the U.S. and are spreading internationally as other countries adopt the concept of holding their own Black Friday shopping events.
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The document provides an overview of life and culture in America during the 1920s. Some key events and trends summarized are:
1) The Republican party and Warren G. Harding came to power promising a return to "normalcy" after World War I. However, scandals like the Teapot Dome scandal tarnished Harding's administration.
2) The 1920s saw cultural changes like Prohibition, women gaining new freedoms, the rise of jazz music and the Harlem Renaissance, and new technologies like radio and movies becoming popular forms of entertainment.
3) The economy generally prospered in the 1920s under policies of laissez-faire capitalism, but the stock market crash of
Chirag's khatkhate
The document provides background information on various topics including:
- The origin of the name "Coromandel" which refers to a region in India and was used to describe Chinese lacquer goods exported through there.
- Fidel Castro who led the Cuban Revolution in 1959 and gave a famous speech titled "History Will Absolve Me" during his trial after being imprisoned.
- The city of Roorkee in India where the first gymkhana, a sporting and social institution, was started in 1861 using the Hindustani word for a ball house.
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Valentineday cards PPT
Made it with love on Valentine's Day
check more at www.valentinesdaycardsprintables.com
hope you like it and share with your friends and especially valentine's on this valentine's day!
Thanks in advance for each and everyone who like
HTM2118 GROUP PROJECT
The document provides information about various aspects of culture in the United Kingdom, including:
1. The UK consists of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Several cultural influences are discussed including literature, sports, food, religions, and traditions.
2. These cultures have impacts on the tourism and hospitality industries in the UK. Tourists are drawn to various cultural attractions and events. Hospitality providers must understand cultural customs to best serve guests.
3. The document concludes that UK culture brings both positive and negative impacts on tourists, and the tourism and hospitality industries are highly connected to UK culture.
Lecture 13 of Culture study
London is the capital city of England and the UK, located on the River Thames. Many famous landmarks are found in London, such as the Tower of London and Tower Bridge. Westminster Abbey and the Palace of Westminster are also historically significant. London was heavily bombed in World War II but has since been rebuilt. Today it is a global financial and cultural center, though housing is very expensive so many commuters live in the suburbs. New Year's Eve in Britain is celebrated with parties and fireworks to ring in the new year. In Scotland, it is known as Hogmanay and involves additional traditions like first-footing.
Exposicion de ingles san valentin
Valentine's Day originated from ancient Roman traditions celebrating love and fertility during mid-February. It later became associated with Saint Valentine, a third century priest who secretly married couples against the Emperor's orders and was martyred on February 14th. Today, Valentine's Day is celebrated in many countries as a day for expressing love and affection with partners, family and friends through the exchange of gifts, cards and flowers.
Valentine's Day Trivia
Around 1 billion Valentine's Day cards are exchanged each year, making it the second largest seasonal card-sending occasion after Christmas. In ancient Rome, Emperor Claudius II had a priest named Valentine executed for secretly performing marriages, and in the Middle Ages, young men and women would draw names from a bowl to see who their valentines would be for the week. Various old traditions and superstitions surrounding Valentine's Day include beliefs about what type of bird a woman saw predicting her future husband, eating a hard-boiled egg on Valentine's Eve would reveal one's future spouse in a dream, and the city of Verona receives about 1,000 letters annually addressed to Shakespeare's Juliet.
Horse and mulepower
This document contains a collection of images from the late 19th and early 20th centuries depicting the use of horses and mules in various contexts such as transportation, farming, military activities, and daily life. The images show horses and mules pulling wagons, carts, fire trucks, ferries and more. They illustrate the important role these animals played before the widespread adoption of motor vehicles.
J13 horse and mulepower
The document contains 20 black and white photographs from the late 19th and early 20th centuries depicting various scenes from across the United States and other locations. The photos show everyday life, transportation methods, people, cities, and historical events or figures from that time period. Locations include New Jersey, Florida, Washington D.C., Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Alabama, Michigan, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, the Bahamas, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Utah.
Horse and mulepowerop
The document contains 20 black and white photographs from the late 19th and early 20th centuries depicting various scenes from across the United States and other locations. The photos show everyday life, transportation methods, people, cities, and events from the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Horse and mulepower
The document appears to be a collection of photographs from various locations in the United States and elsewhere between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The photos depict a range of subjects including landscapes, modes of transportation, people, and historical events or figures. Locations span from New Jersey to Florida to the Bahamas.
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Prohibition was the banning of alcohol in the United States from 1920 to 1933. During this time, illegal speakeasies operated covertly to sell alcohol, like The Green Door Tavern in Chicago. Al Capone was a notorious gangster during Prohibition who organized the St. Valentine's Day Massacre to eliminate a rival gang. Crime museums today still have exhibits showcasing artifacts from Prohibition-era gangs and moonshining operations. Southern states like Virginia saw widespread moonshining during Prohibition as a means of income.
Chan House Project Presentation
The document summarizes a project to restore the historic Chan House in Folsom, California and convert it into a Chinese history museum. A group of historical societies is coordinating to complete renovations, display Chinese artifacts found in Folsom, and tell the story of Chinese miners and immigrants who lived there. The restoration will revitalize the neighborhood and help attract Chinese tourism to Folsom.
Holidays
The document discusses how holidays can be spent in Poland and other European countries. It also describes some winter holiday activities like skiing and snowboarding. Finally, it discusses traditions and activities associated with Christmas and Easter holidays in Poland as well as things to do on holidays in the city or country.
National Black Wall Avenue Chicago Dwelling
Chicago, (NBWSC) NFP is organized for the neighborhood welfare in general, with emphasis positioned ...
era of the great war - rent strikes
During World War I, major rent strikes took place across Scotland in 1915 to protest landlords sharply increasing rents by up to 25%. As industries like shipbuilding boomed and populations grew in cities like Glasgow, there was high demand for housing but rents became unaffordable for many tenants. Over 25,000 people participated in rent strikes, refusing to pay and sometimes violently confronting authorities. The government passed the Rent Restriction Act to cap rents at 1914 prices to quell the unrest, which was disrupting the war effort and threatening revolution. The successful rent strikes empowered workers to demand better conditions and wages through additional industrial action.
5 thanksgiving parades
The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is an annual parade held in New York City on Thanksgiving Day. The parade tradition started in 1924 when Macy's employees dressed in costumes and marched through Central Park. In 1927, Felix the Cat became the first giant balloon featured in the parade. Today, the parade is broadcast nationwide and attracts over 44 million television viewers as it marches through Manhattan featuring giant balloons, floats, and performers.
Horse and mule power
The document contains descriptions and photographs of various locations, events, and occupations from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including beaches, cities, farms, transportation methods, industries, military scenes, and more. The photos provide a glimpse of life in America and other places in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
1 history
Thanksgiving is celebrated in both the United States and Canada as a harvest festival and time to give thanks. In the US it falls on the fourth Thursday of November, while in Canada it is observed on the second Monday of October. The modern traditions of Thanksgiving have origins in both European harvest festivals and celebrations held by Native Americans and early North American settlers. The holiday typically involves families and friends gathering for a feast that usually includes turkey, potatoes, vegetables and pumpkin pie.
Written Statement For Oral Reading May 6 2009
This letter summarizes and supports a bill to establish a legal holiday called "Firebun Day" in the U.S. Virgin Islands to commemorate laborers' actions on October 1, 1878. The author argues the events of 1878 known as the "Firebun" were appropriate actions by laborers who had no legal means of addressing poor working conditions and lack of political representation. The author recommends renaming the holiday solely "Firebun Day" and amending the bill's language to properly recognize the women who organized and led the labor actions of 1878.
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The document contains various items found together including a 1917 wedding announcement for Viola Redmond Schullz and Robert Lee Sanford Jr. at Peter and Paul's Cathedral in Detroit, Michigan; an old ribbon from the United Daughters of the Confederacy that belonged to a girl from Central Louisiana; and a collection of 1939 almanacs and brochures for kerosene stoves from that era.
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The term "Black Friday" originated in Philadelphia to describe the heavy pedestrian and vehicle traffic that occurred on the day after Thanksgiving. While some sources claim it referred to an 1869 financial crisis, most evidence suggests it referred to this post-Thanksgiving shopping traffic. Now, Black Friday sales and deals have become a major shopping tradition in the U.S. and are spreading internationally as other countries adopt the concept of holding their own Black Friday shopping events.
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This document provides an overview of the economic boom of the 1920s in the United States and its eventual collapse. It discusses factors that contributed to economic growth like industrialization, consumerism, and government deregulation. However, it also notes that the prosperity was unequally distributed. As the decade progressed, speculation in the stock market increased and income inequality grew. Ultimately, the stock market crash of 1929 signaled the start of the Great Depression.
The Usa 1917 1933
The document summarizes key aspects of the United States between 1917-1933. It describes the US becoming the leading industrial economy prior to 1917 due to its vast natural resources, large immigrant workforce, and technological innovation. After entering WWI reluctantly in 1917, the US adopted an isolationist stance afterwards due to its traditions, dislike of Europe, and fears over ideologies like communism. The 1920s saw economic boom and a culture of consumerism but was followed by the Great Depression starting with the stock market crash of 1929.
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Why is black friday called black friday
- 1. WHY IS BLACK FRIDAY CALLED BLACK FRIDAY? BLACK FRIDAY IS AN INFORMAL NAME FOR THE FRIDAY FOLLOWING THANKSGIVING DAY IN THE UNITED STATES, WHICH IS CELEBRATED ON THE FOURTH THURSDAY OF NOVEMBER. THE DAY AFTER THANKSGIVING HAS BEEN REGARDED AS THE BEGINNING OF THE UNITED STATES CHRISTMAS SHOPPING SEASON SINCE 1952, ALTHOUGH THE TERM "BLACK FRIDAY" DID NOT BECOME WIDELY USED UNTIL MORE RECENT DECADES.
- 2. BLACK FRIDAY VIOLENCE • Black Friday crowds still give the police headaches. According to data analysis by The Hustle, there have been 11 deaths and more than 100 injuries on Black Friday since 2006.9Violence has become so bad The New York Daily News renamed it "Black-eye Friday."10 •
- 3. The worst Black Friday occurred in 2008 when a man was trampled to death at a New York Walmart. Despite being 6 feet, 5 inches tall and 270 pounds, temporary worker Jdimytai Damour died of asphyxiation when crowds stampeded into the store.11 At least 2,000 people broke down the doors, trapping Damour in a vestibule where he suffocated. Eleven other shoppers were also injured, including a pregnant woman. These incidents give police the right to call Black Friday by a negative name.
- 4. ORIGIN OF THE TERM • For centuries, the adjective "black" has been applied to days upon which calamities occurred. Many events have been described as "Black Friday", although the most significant such event in American History was the Panic of 1869, which occurred when financiers Jay Gould and James Fisk took advantage of their connections with the Grant Administration in an attempt to corner the gold market. When President Grant learned of this manipulation, he ordered the Treasury to release a large supply of gold, which halted the run and caused prices to drop by eighteen percent. Fortunes were made and lost in a single day, and the president's own brother-in-law, Abel Corbin, was ruined.
- 5. The earliest known use of "Black Friday" to refer to the day after Thanksgiving occurred in the journal, Factory Management and Maintenance, for November 1951, and again in 1952. Here it referred to the practice of workers calling in sick on the day after Thanksgiving, in order to have a four-day weekend. However, this use does not appear to have caught on. Around the same time, the terms "Black Friday" and "Black Saturday" came to be used by the police in Philadelphia and Rochester to describe the crowds and traffic congestion accompanying the start of the Christmas shopping season. In 1961, the city and merchants of Philadelphia attempted to improve conditions, and a public relations expert recommended rebranding the days, "Big Friday" and "Big Saturday"; but these terms were quickly forgotten.[7][8][24][25]
- 6. HISTORY • The day after Thanksgiving as the unofficial start of the holiday shopping season may be linked together with the idea of Santa Claus parades. Parades celebrating Thanksgiving often include an appearance by Santa at the end of the parade, with the idea that "Santa has arrived" or "Santa is just around the corner" because Christmas is always the next major holiday following Thanksgiving. • In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many Santa or Thanksgiving Day parades were sponsored by department stores. These included the Toronto Santa Claus Parade, in Canada, sponsored by Eaton's, and the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade sponsored by Macy's. Department stores would use the parades to launch a big advertising push. Eventually, it just became an unwritten rule that no store would try doing Christmas advertising before the parade was over. Therefore, the day after Thanksgiving became the day when the shopping season officially started.
- 7. Thanksgiving Day's relationship to Christmas shopping led to controversy in the 1930s. Retail stores would have liked to have a longer shopping season, but no store wanted to break with tradition and be the one to start advertising before Thanksgiving. For this reason, in 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued a presidential proclamation proclaiming Thanksgiving to be the fourth Thursday in November rather than the last Thursday, meaning in some years one week earlier, in order to lengthen the Christmas shopping season.[29] Most people adopted the President's change, which was later reinforced by an act of Congress, but many continued to celebrate Thanksgiving Day on the traditional date.[29] Some started referring to the new date as Franksgiving. In 2015, Amazon.com held a "Prime Day" event in July and promised better deals than on Black Friday, with repeat Prime Days taking place in 2016 and 2017. Other companies followed with "Black Friday in July" deals which were as good as, or better than, those in November.[30]