The document discusses harmonics in electrical systems. Harmonics refer to voltages or currents at frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental supply frequency, such as 50 Hz or 60 Hz. They can be caused by non-linear loads like variable frequency drives, UPS systems, and electronic equipment that draw current in pulses rather than smoothly. The presence of harmonics can reduce equipment life, cause overheating, and increase energy losses. It is important to analyze power quality and minimize harmonics through proper protection devices. The document advertises contact information for a company that performs harmonics audits.

1. WHY HARMONICS IS
UNWANTED ??
CONTACT US FOR POWER QUALITY AUDIT /
HARMONICS AUDIT
+91-8800671509 / sales@felidaesystems.com
www.felidaesystems.in

2. HARMONICS:
IT SURFACED AS A BUZZWORD IN THE EARLY 1980S, MAKING MANY PEOPLE
RECONSIDER THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THEIR BUILDING'S WIRING SYSTEM.
YET, MANY STILL VIEW THE CONCEPT AS A RELATIVELY NEW PHENOMENON.

3. THE ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS EXISTED IN THE ELECTRICAL WORLD WAY BACK WHEN
TRANSISTOR TUBES WERE FIRST USED IN THE 1930S.
ASIDE FROM GROUNDING, MANY DEEM HARMONICS AS ONE OF THE GREATEST CONCERNS
FOR THE POWER QUALITY INDUSTRY TODAY.

4. WE DEFINE HARMONICS AS VOLTAGES OR CURRENTS AT FREQUENCIES THAT ARE A MULTIPLE
OF THE FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY. IN MOST SYSTEMS, THE FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY IS 50
HZ SYSTEMS, THE HARMONIC ORDER IS 100 HZ, 150 HZ, 200 HZ, ETC.)

5. WE USUALLY SPECIFY THESE ORDERS BY THEIR HARMONIC NUMBER OR MULTIPLE OF THE
FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY.
FOR EXAMPLE, A HARMONIC WITH A FREQUENCY OF 150 HZ IS KNOWN AS THE THIRD
HARMONIC (50X3 = 150).

6. UP UNTIL 1980, ALL LOADS WERE KNOWN AS LINEAR. THIS MEANS IF THE VOLTAGE INPUT TO A
PIECE OF EQUIPMENT IS A SINE WAVE, THE RESULTANT CURRENT WAVEFORM GENERATED BY
THE LOAD IS ALSO A SINE WAVE.

7. IN 1981, MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRONIC HARDWARE CONVERTED TO AN EFFICIENT TYPE OF
INTERNAL POWER SUPPLY KNOWN AS A SWITCH-MODE POWER SUPPLY (SMPS).
THE SMPS CONVERTS THE APPLIED VOLTAGE SINE WAVE TO A DISTORTED CURRENT
WAVEFORM THAT RESEMBLES ALTERNATING CURRENT PULSES; OBVIOUSLY, THE LOAD
DOESN'T EXHIBIT A CONSTANT IMPEDANCE THROUGHOUT THE APPLIED AC VOLTAGE
WAVEFORM.

8. THERE ARE TWO MAIN AFFECTS OF HARMONIC CURRENTS ON A DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.
THE FIRST IS THAT HARMONIC CURRENTS ADD TO THE RMS VALUE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL.
THIS ADDITIONAL CURRENT WILL INCREASE LOSSES IN WIRE, BUS BARS, TRANSFORMERS AND
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION CAPACITORS USED IN THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.
A TYPICAL VALUE FOR THE ADDITIONAL RMS LOSS WOULD BE 3% IF
SKIN EFFECT AND CORE LOSSES COULD BE IGNORED. UNFORTUNATELY, THEY CANNOT BE
IGNORED.

9. THE SECOND AFFECT IS THE ADDITIONAL HEATING CAUSED BY EACH OF THE HARMONIC
CURRENTS. TRANSFORMERS, CAPACITORS, CIRCUIT BREAKERS, WIRES AND BUS BARS MUST BE
DESIGNED TO HANDLE THE HIGHER FREQUENCY CURRENTS.
IF THESE COMPONENTS ARE NOT CORRECTLY SIZED FOR THE HARMONIC CURRENTS, THE
HARMONIC CURRENTS CAN CAUSE ADDITIONAL HEATING IN THOSE COMPONENTS.
THIS HEATING CAN RESULT IN PREMATURE COMPONENT FAILURE AND THE POSSIBILITY OF FIRE.

10. IN MODERN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS, POWER ELECTRONICS ARE USED TO CONTROL THE
CIRCUITS. THESE POWER ELECTRONICS INCLUDING VFDS, UPSS ETC. NEEDS DC POWER TO
OPERATE WHILE THE UTILITY SUPPLY IS A 3-PHASE AC SUPPLY. THESE APPLIANCES ARE NON-
LINEAR IN THE WAY THEY DRAW CURRENT THROUGH THE MAINS ELECTRICITY SUPPLY.
THE VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES AND UPS SYSTEMS ARE A MAJOR SOURCE OF HARMONICS
BEING INJECTED INTO THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM AND WITHOUT PROPER PROTECTION, THESE
HARMONICS CAN AFFECT OTHER PARTS OF THE PLANT AND EVEN THE GRID.
UPS SYSTEMS CONVERT THE INCOMING AC TO A DC SIGNAL TO CHARGE BATTERIES IN THE
EVENT OF A POWER OUTAGE – THE DC COMPONENT IS A VERY HIGH FREQUENCY SIGNALAND
IT INTERFERES WITH THE NEAR PERFECT AC POWER SUPPLIES (MOST OF THE DISTORTION IN
THE MODERN POWER NETWORK IS CUSTOMER GENERATED).

11. Normal Wave due to linear loads
Distorted Wave due to presence of
non linear loads like VFDs etc or
rather say due to presence of
Harmonics

12. THE PRESENCE OF HARMONICS REDUCES THE LIFE OF EQUIPMENT.
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THE INVESTMENT THAT YOU MADE IN YOUR MOTORS & DRIVES WILL NOT BE
REALISED IF THEY ARE DAMAGED AND NEED REPLACING BEFORE THEIR EXPECTED LIFE SPAN.
THIS CAN BE VERY EXPENSIVE. HARMONICS CAUSE THINGS TO RUN HOT, WHICH CAUSE STRESS ON
THE CABLES AND EQUIPMENT

13. IN THE LONG TERM, THIS DEGRADES AN ELECTRICAL SYSTEM. THE PRESENCE OF HARMONICS
WILLALSO MEAN THAT ALTHOUGH YOU WILL GET BILLED FOR THE POWER THAT YOU ARE
SUPPLIED, A LARGE PERCENTAGE OF THAT POWER MAY BE UNUSABLE

14. HARMONIC DISTORTION CAN CAUSE POOR POWER FACTOR, TRANSFORMER AND
DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT OVERHEATING, RANDOM BREAKER TRIPPING, OR EVEN SENSITIVE
EQUIPMENT FAILURE.

15. SINCE HARMONICS AFFECT THE OVERALL POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, THE POWER
UTILITY MAY EVEN LEVY HEAVY FINES WHEN A FACILITY IS AFFECTING THE UTILITIES’
ABILITY TO EFFICIENTLY SUPPLY POWER TO ALL OF ITS CUSTOMERS.

16. PRESENCE OF HARMONICS IN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT CAN CAUSE HEAVY DAMAGE
ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSES OF SHORT CIRCUITS IS HARMONICS
IT ALSO LEADS TO HIGH ENERGY LOSSES.

17. THOROUGH ANALYSIS OF POWER QUALITY IS IMPORTANT
DETECT THE LEVEL OF HARMONICS IN YOUR ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
MINIMISE IT’S PRESENCE AS MUCH POSSIBLE
DON’T DELAY FOR THE LAST HOUR
STITCH IN TIME SAVES NINE

18. GO FOR HARMONICS LEVELANALYSIS
OF YOUR ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

19. CONTACT US…..
BEE CERTIFIED ACCREDITED ENERGY AUDITORS
BEE CERTIFIED ENERGY AUDITORS
BEE CERTIFIED ENERGY MANAGERS
RETIRED INDUSTRIAL EXPERTS FROM
BHEL,SAIL,HZL,DVC
YOUNG DYNAMIC ENERGY PROFESSIONALS
GOOD SUPPORTING STAFF

20. FELIDAE SYSTEMS
www.felidaesystems.in
sales@felidaesystems.com
+91-8800671509

21. CONTACT US FOR HARMONICS AUDIT OF YOUR ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
+91-8800671509 / sales@felidaesystems.com
www.felidaesystems.in