1. 1
‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
‫یـــــــــــــــــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ــــــــــــــــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫أ‬.‫د‬ ‫د‬
‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬–‫ة‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫را‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وآ‬–‫ی‬ ‫ا‬
mahmoudgilany@yahoo.com
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫أآ‬2010
‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬

2. ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬)‫أ‬.‫د‬.‫د‬(2
"‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺕ‬PDF-File‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
www.sayedsaad.com
‫و‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫و‬
‫و‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫أر‬
‫ی‬ ‫أن‬‫ه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺥ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬:‫ة‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬-‫ا‬ ‫ا‬-‫ﻡ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ا‬–
‫ﺵ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬-‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ت‬-‫أﺵ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬
‫ا‬ ‫وراء‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫وا‬

3. 3
‫وﺕ‬ ‫ﺵ‬‫ی‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫أر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ء‬ ‫ه‬ ‫رأس‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫وی‬ ، ‫وأ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ‫وز‬‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫ة‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫وآ‬ ، ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ای‬‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫وح‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ی‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وأ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫درس‬ ‫أول‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬.‫د‬‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫و‬‫أ‬.‫د‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ا‬ ‫اﺕ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫أول‬.
‫ی‬ ‫ه‬ ‫آ‬‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ی‬‫د‬.‫ﺥ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫د‬)‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫ة‬(‫ود‬.‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ادى‬ ‫آ‬)‫ا‬(،‫وأ‬.‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫د‬)‫ة‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬(‫أ‬ ‫وأی‬
‫ا‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬‫م‬.‫ر‬ ‫أﻥ‬ ‫ﻡ‬)‫ت‬ ‫و‬(‫وآ‬ ،‫م‬.‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫ی‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ا‬.
‫أم‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وا‬
‫آ‬ ‫وأ‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أول‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬
‫وآ‬‫أ‬.‫اد‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫د‬‫ة‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫وم‬.‫زای‬ ‫ل‬،‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫وا‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬)‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬. (
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬‫وی‬ ‫وی‬ ‫ﺉ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫دات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫د‬
‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫زو‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اد‬ ‫وإ‬‫د‬.‫دة‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ء‬ ‫أ‬.
‫ا‬ ‫أﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وأ‬‫م‬.‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺹ‬www.sayedsaad.com
‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رآ‬ ‫وی‬
‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬:
"‫ﺕ‬ ‫و‬."

4. ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬)‫أ‬.‫د‬.‫د‬(4
‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫ی‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ‫ﺵ‬......................................................................................................3
‫س‬ ‫ا‬..........................................................................................................4
‫ﺕ‬...........................................................................................................16
‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫وع‬ ‫ا‬
1-1‫ا‬ ‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رآ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اف‬ ‫ا‬........................................................20
1-1-1‫ا‬................................................................................................................20
1-1-2‫رى‬ ‫ا‬..........................................................................................................20
1-1-3‫ول‬ ‫ا‬)‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬(.......................................................................................20
1-1-4‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬...............................................................................................21
1-2‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬................................................................22
1-2-1‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.............................................................................................22
1-2-2‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬....................................................................................23
1-2-3‫ءات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬...................................................................................23
1-3‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬............................................................23
1-3-1‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬..............................................................................................24
1-3-2‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬............................................................................................24
1-3-3‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬...............................................................................................25
1-4‫آ‬ ‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ﺥ‬.................................................................26
1-5‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫ﻡ‬.........................................................................27
1-6‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫وع‬....................................................................................27
1-7‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ﺥ‬.....................................................................28
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬:‫ﺉ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬.............................................................33
2-1‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺵ‬...............................................................................33
2-1-1‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬R.M.U...................................................................................................33

5. 5
2-1-2‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬‫ا‬)‫ت‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬(...............................................................36
2-2‫ل‬ ‫ا‬..................................................................................................37
2-2-1‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬.....................................................................................................39
2-3‫ﻡ‬‫ارئ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬......................................................................................39
2-3-1‫ـــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ATS‫؟‬............................................................................................41
2-3-2‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬UPS.............................................................................41
2-4‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬.............................................................................43
2-4-1‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺕ‬.....................................................................................43
2-4-2IP-Code‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬....................................................................................44
2-4-3‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺕ‬..........................................................................................45
2-4-4‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬......................................................................45
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬:‫ا‬‫اﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺉ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬..........................47
2-5‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ق‬.................................................................47
2-5-1‫ت‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬..................................................................................................47
2-5-2‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬......................................................................................................48
2-5-3‫رض‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬:..........................................................................................49
2-5-4‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬...........................................................................49
2-6‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺕ‬..........................................................................................50
2-7‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬......................................................................................51
2-7-1‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬..................................................................................51
2-7-2‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬.................................................................................51
2-7-3‫زل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬..................................................................................52
2-7-4‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺹ‬.............................................................................52
2-8‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ازل‬........................................................................................53
2-8-1‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬..............................................................................................53
2-8-2‫ازل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬...................................................................................................54
2-9‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اول‬.......................................................................................54
2-9-1‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬)Current Carrying Capacity(............................................56
2-9-2‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬...................................................................................................56
2-10‫دل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺥ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫ﻡ‬Neutral................................................................57

6. ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬)‫أ‬.‫د‬.‫د‬(6
2-11‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﻡ‬.....................................................................................57
2-11-1‫ا‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬Power Losses..................................................................57
2-11-2‫ا‬ ‫رات‬ ‫ا‬...............................................................................................58
2-11-3‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺕ‬..............................................................................................59
2-11-4‫ارة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺕ‬...................................................................................59
2-11-5‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬.........................................................................................59
2-12‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬Bus Duct.........................................................................60
2-12-1‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أ‬Bus Duct..........................................................................................61
2-12-2‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬Bus Duct........................................................................................61
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬:‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬...........................................................64
2-13‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫ﻡ‬Circuit Breakers........................................................64
2-14‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أﻥ‬CBs.................................................................................64
2-14-1‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬:MCB.........................................................................................65
2-14-2‫ـــ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬:MCCB....................................................................................67
2-14-3‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬:GFCB..........................................................................................69
2-15‫ز‬ ‫ا‬)‫ات‬ ‫ا‬(Fuse......................................................................71
2-15-1‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬.......................................................................................71
2-15-2‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬H.R.C.............................................................72
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬:‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫وﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬...............................................73
2-16‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﻡ‬)Contactors(..........................................................73
2-16-1‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫أه‬Contactor...............................................................................73
2-16-2‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬Contractors..........................................................................74
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬
3-1‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻡ‬.................................................................................77
3-2‫رة‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺉ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬....................................................................78
3-3‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺉ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬)Sockets(........................................78
3-3-1‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أﺡ‬...........................................................................................79
3-4‫ا‬ ‫ت‬......................................................................................79
3-4-1‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أﺡ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬..............................................................................................80

7. 7
3-4-2‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬..............................................................................81
3-4-3‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أ‬................................................................................82
3-5‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻡ‬............................................................................84
3-5-1‫ا‬ ‫م‬Demand Factor......................................................................84
‫ول‬3-5:‫ا‬ ‫واﺉ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻡ‬................................................85
3-5-2‫ا‬ ‫م‬Diversity Factor................................................................85
3-6‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.....................................................................................88
3-6-1‫ا‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬...................................................................................90
3-6-2‫ه‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬....................................................................................................92
3-6-3‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬.................................................................................92
3-7‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬......................................................................95
3-7-1‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬....................................................................................................95
3-8‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺕ‬)‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬(........................................................95
3-8-1‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺡ‬..................................................................................97
3-8-2‫ا‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ام‬............................................................................98
3-8-3‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.............................................................................99
3-8-4‫ت؟‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أی‬...........................................................................................100
3-8-5‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬Harmonics.........................................................................................100
3-9‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻡ‬...................................................................................102
3-9-1‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬......................................................................................102
3-9-2‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬........................................................................................102
3-9-3‫ا‬ ‫ی‬.............................................................................................103
3-9-4‫اﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬)Package(...............................................................103
3-9-5‫ي‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬)Central Air Conditioning(...................................................104
3-9-6‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬.......................................................................................105
3-9-7‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬...........................................................................106
3-9-8‫اری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬:.............................................................................................106

8. ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬)‫أ‬.‫د‬.‫د‬(8
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬
‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬:‫ا‬ ‫واﺉ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬......................................................110
4-1‫ا‬ ‫واﺉ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫دئ‬ ‫ﻡ‬...........................................................110
4-1-1‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬‫ى‬.......................................................................110
4-1-1‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ﺕ‬.....................................................................................111
4-2‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دواﺉ‬ ‫ﺕ‬)LoadsStatic(..........................................................114
4-3‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دواﺉ‬ ‫ﺕ‬)Dynamic Loads(.............................................116
4-3-1‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬Name Plate...............................................................117
4-3-2‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬............................................................................................118
4-3-3‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬......................................................................118
4-3-4‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬..........................................................................119
4-3-5‫ه‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ﺕ‬...................................................................................................120
4-4‫ﻡ‬ ‫دی‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬.........................................121
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬:‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رات‬ ‫اﺥ‬..................................................124
4-5‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺥ‬ ‫ا‬:‫ارى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اﺥ‬........................................................124
4-5-1‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬............................................................................124
‫ارة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺕ‬......................................................................................................124
‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬:.........................................................................................................125
‫ا‬ ‫ارة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬:..........................................................................................125
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ور‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬:........................................................................125
‫رض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ور‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬:..................................................................................125
4-6‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺥ‬ ‫ا‬:‫ﻥ‬‫ا‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬......................................................128
4-7‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺥ‬ ‫ا‬:‫ﻡ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺕ‬...............................................131
4-7-1‫ا‬ ‫رات‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬................................................................................131
4-7-2‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬...........................................................................132
4-7-3‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬....................................................................................133
4-8‫ا‬ ‫ت‬.....................................................................................134
4-8-1‫ی‬MVA Method....................................................................................139
4-9‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺵ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻡ‬..........................................................................................141

9. 9
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬:‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬..............................................................148
5-1‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬.......................................................148
5-2‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬..................................................................149
5-2-1‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬NEC.............................................................................149
5-2-2‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬Total Connected Load................................................150
5-3‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬..........................................150
5-4‫ﺉ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬..............................................151
5-5‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﻡ‬.........................................................156
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬:‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬.............................................................160
5-6‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬...........................................................................160
5-6-1‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أﺡ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺡ‬..............................................................................161
5-7‫رة‬ ‫ﺕ‬)‫ﻡ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫إ‬(..........................................................161
5-7-1‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬...........................................................................164
5-7-2‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬........................................................167
5-8‫ا‬ ‫رات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺥ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫أ‬......................................................168
5-9‫إدارى‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬...................................................................169
5-9-1‫وا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أﺡ‬.........................................................................................174
5-9-2‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬............................................................................174
5-9-3‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.....................................................................176
5-10‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أﻡ‬...............................................177
5-10-1‫واﺡ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫وع‬1MVA...............................................................177
5-10-2‫ارئ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬.......................................................................................178
5-10-3‫ن‬ ‫وع‬.................................................................................178
5-10-4‫ت‬ ‫أر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫وع‬.........................................................................180
5-11‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺥ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ر‬........................................................180
5-12‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬..........................................................................181
5-12-1‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬.....................................................................................182

10. ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬)‫أ‬.‫د‬.‫د‬(10
5-12-2‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ز‬............................................................................182
‫دس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ری‬ ‫ا‬
6-1‫؟‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫آ‬....................................................................187
6-2‫ن‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺉ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺕ‬.......................................................188
6-2-1‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺕ‬.......................................................................188
6-2-2‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺕ‬...............................................................................188
6-2-3‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ور‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﺕ‬............................................................................189
6-3‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أه‬......................................................................................189
6-4‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬Neutral‫ـــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬Ground..............................................190
6-5‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻡ‬.............................................................................191
6-5-1‫رض‬ ‫ا‬............................................................................................................192
6-5-2‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ود‬ ‫إ‬................................................................................................193
6-5-3‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺹ‬.............................................................................................194
6-5-4‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬................................................................................195
6-5-5‫ﺹ‬ ‫ود‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اﺕ‬‫ری‬ ‫ا‬..........................................................................195
6-6‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬...................................................................196
6-6-1‫وي‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ود‬ ‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺡ‬.......................................................................196
6-6-2‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬..............................................................................................197
6-7‫ا‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬......................................................................199
6-8‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬................................................................201
6-8-1‫؟‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬........................................................................203
6-8-2‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أ‬...................................................................................203
6-8-3‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬...............................................................................................204
6-8-4‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺡ‬.........................................................................205
6-9‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ﺕ‬..........................................................................................205
6-9-1‫ا‬........................................................................................................206
6-9-2‫ة‬ ‫ا‬......................................................................................................207
6-9-3‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬..............................................................................................209
6-9-4‫ری‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ﺕ‬....................................................................209

11. 11
6-10‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫أﺵ‬..............................................................210
6-10-1‫ا‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬Solidly Earthing...................................................................210
6-10-2‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬Resistance Grounding..................................................210
6-10-3‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬Reactance Grounding..................................................211
6-10-4‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬Isolated System.......................................................................211
6-11‫ا‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫أﺵ‬...........................................................211
6-11-1‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬:TN-S........................................................................................212
6-11-2‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬:TN-C........................................................................................213
6-11-3‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬:TN-C-S.....................................................................................213
6-11-4‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬:IT.............................................................................................215
6-11-5‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬:TT..........................................................................................215
6-12‫ﺉ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬)Corrosion(................................................216
6-13‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﻡ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫س‬....................................................................217
6-14‫ﺉ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬.............................................218
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬
7-1‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أه‬.................................................................................222
7-2‫ری‬ ‫ﺕ‬........................................................................................222
7-3‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫را‬ ‫زﻡ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻡ‬............................................................223
7-4‫ا‬ ‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬...................................................................................223
7-4-1‫ا‬ ‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬...............................................................................................225
7-5‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺕ‬..........................................................................................225
7-6‫ا‬ ‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫وو‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬..............................................................225
7-6-1‫ا‬ ‫ا‬Luminous Flux.........................................................................226
7-6-2‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬)Luminous Intensity(...................................................................226
7-6-3‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬)Illumination(..........................................................................226
7-6-4‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬Polar Curves..........................................................................226
7-6-5‫ع‬ ‫ا‬) )Brightness...................................................................................227
7-6-6‫ا‬)‫ا‬(Glare........................................................................................228

12. ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬)‫أ‬.‫د‬.‫د‬(12
7-7‫رة‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ﺉ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اص‬ ‫ا‬...............................................................228
7-7-1‫ر‬ ‫إ‬ ‫أ‬)(‫ن‬ ‫ا‬.......................................................................................228
7-7-2‫ن‬ ‫ا‬......................................................................................................229
7-7-3‫ار‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫در‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬.............................................................................................229
7-7-4‫ا‬ ‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬.................................................................................................230
7-8‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺵ‬ ‫ت‬)Illumination(.................................................230
7-8-1‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬...........................................................................................230
7-8-2‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺕ‬.........................................................................232
7-9‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫اﺥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬.....................................................233
7-9-1‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬..........................................................................................234
‫ول‬7-5:‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻡ‬)Ri(....................................................................241
7-10‫ا‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫رات‬.................................................................244
7-11‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻡ‬..................................................................................246
7-11-1‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬Incandescent lamps...........................................................246
7-11-2‫ا‬............................................................................................247
7-11-3‫زى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬......................................................................................248
7-11-4‫ر‬ ‫ا‬)‫ا‬ ‫ا‬(...........................................................249
‫ش‬ ‫رﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ه‬Flicker..............................................................................................250
7-11-5‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬........................................................................250
7-11-6‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫دی‬ ‫ا‬.......................................................................251
7-11-7‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫دی‬ ‫ا‬...........................................................................252
7-11-8‫ا‬ ‫ا‬Metal Halide Lamp......................................................253
7-11-9‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬...............................................................................................253
7-11-10‫ن‬ ‫ا‬...............................................................................................254
7-11-11‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬LED..........................................................................................254
7-11-12‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬............................................................................................255
7-11-13‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬........................................................................256
7-12‫ا‬ ‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬.................................................................................256
7-13‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ءة‬ ‫إ‬.....................................................................................256
7-13-1‫رة؟‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أی‬....................................................................................257
7-13-2‫ارع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ی‬.............................................................................258
7-13-3‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رة‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ارﺕ‬...............................................................................258

13. 13
7-14‫ارئ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬....................................................................................258
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬
8-1‫رات‬ ‫ﺥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬...................................................................................264
8-2‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫رات‬ ‫اﺥ‬................................................................266
8-2-1‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬..........................................................................266
8-2-2‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ود‬ ‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬........................................................................268
8-3‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رات‬ ‫اﺥ‬...................................................................................268
8-3-1‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬.......................................268
8-3-2‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬...............................................................269
8-4‫ت‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اﺥ‬...........................................................270
8-5‫ا‬ ‫رات‬ ‫اﺥ‬....................................................................................271
8-5-1‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬:.........................................................................271
8-5-2‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أی‬ ‫ب‬ ‫أ‬................................................................................272
8-6‫ﺉ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫إﺕ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ﺵ‬...................................................272
8-7‫اﺉ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻡ‬................................................................273
8-7-3‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.................................................................................................273
8-7-4‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫د‬............................................................................................273
8-7-5‫رات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دات‬.............................................................................................273
8-7-6‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬..........................................................................................274
8-7-7‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬...........................................................................................274
8-7-8‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬...................................................................................................275
8-7-9‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬..................................................................................................275
8-8-1‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ارئ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬.......................................................................................277
8-8-2‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬..............................................................................280
8-8-3‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬...........................................................283
8-8-4‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬Bus Duct.......................................................284
‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬...............................................................................................288
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫ا‬..................................................................288

14. ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬)‫أ‬.‫د‬.‫د‬(14
‫ﻡ‬-2....................................................................................................292
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫اول‬)‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫ا‬(......................................................292
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬..............................................................................................301
‫زل‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬...................................................................301
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ــــــــــــــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.................................................................................307
‫ــــــــــــــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬................................................................................310

15. 15
‫ﺕ‬

16. )..(16
‫ﺕ‬
‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ، ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ی‬ ‫ن‬
‫دة‬ ‫و‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫أآ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إذا‬ ، ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬70‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫رات‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬.
‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫أه‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ﺹ‬
‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دی‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫اء‬ ‫ﺡ‬.، ‫رة‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫رة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫رئ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ف‬ ‫وا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ذا‬
‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫أن‬
‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬ ، ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬‫ج‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫دات‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ، ‫ه‬،‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬
‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ا‬ ‫وا‬-‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺕ‬-‫ﺕ‬
‫م‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫آ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫آ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ودا‬ ‫دا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫آ‬
‫ی‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ا‬ ‫واﺡ‬‫ت‬ ‫آ‬‫وه‬ ، ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ی‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬.
‫أآ‬ ‫و‬25‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫أﺡ‬ ‫ﺡ‬)‫أ‬.‫وأ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وح‬ ‫د‬.‫م‬ ‫د‬
‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬(‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫اﺕ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫أ‬ ‫آ‬ ،
، ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫وآ‬
‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫را‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وا‬ ، ‫ت‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬
‫ر‬ ، ‫وأ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ب‬، ‫ذ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬
‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ، ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫وآ‬ ، ‫رى‬ ‫وآ‬
‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫درا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫وﺡ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬
، ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬.
‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬
‫أو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫أ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬
‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ی‬.‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫أ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ً‫ا‬ ‫و‬ً
‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ع‬ ً ً ‫أی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫آ‬ ، ‫را‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إ‬
‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ق‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وﺡ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬
‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬
‫ن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫إ‬ ‫وﺹ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫رة‬.
‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﺡ‬، ‫دو‬ ‫أآ‬ ‫ور‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬
‫أآ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اﺡ‬ ‫وه‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬
‫ی‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ، ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وأ‬ ، ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ك‬ ، ‫د‬ ‫آ‬
-‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫إ‬‫ل‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ، ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫دو‬ ‫أو‬.

17. ‫ﺕ‬ 17
‫ب‬ ‫ا‬
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫أن‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬
‫ر‬ ، ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬، ‫اف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬
، ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫وا‬‫آ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬-‫ﺕ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬-‫ه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﺡ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫أ‬
‫ا‬‫ﺕ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ی‬:، ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬.
‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬.
‫أ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ول‬ ‫ا‬، ‫آ‬ ‫وع‬ ‫ز‬ ‫إ‬ ‫رآ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫آ‬ ‫دوار‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫وی‬‫أی‬ ‫ض‬ ‫وی‬ ، ‫وع‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬.‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫آ‬
‫ه‬ ‫أو‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﺕ‬.‫وی‬‫دات‬ ‫ح‬
‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬:‫س‬ ، ‫ن‬ ‫ب‬ ، ‫ر‬ ،
‫إ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ول‬ ، ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫وط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ، ‫رى‬ ‫ا‬.
‫و‬‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬‫و‬ ‫آ‬
‫ت‬ ‫أر‬ ‫ه‬:
‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬Power Handling Equipments، ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫وﺕ‬
‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ارئ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫وا‬Distribution Boards‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ی‬UPS‫ــ‬ ‫وا‬ATS.
‫أ‬‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬Wiring and Raceways‫ت‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﺕ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫درا‬ ‫وی‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬)Cable Trays
(‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫وا‬ ،Bus Duct‫ــ‬ ‫وا‬ ،Raceways‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ،)Flexible & Rigid Conduits(‫إ‬.
‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫درا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬CBs
‫زات‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫وأ‬Control and Utilization
Equipments‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫وأ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫وا‬Contactors‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫وا‬ ،
‫ا‬)One-way, Two-way, Change-over , Cross-over switches(‫إ‬ ، ‫ه‬ ‫و‬
‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ى‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫وأ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬.
‫وا‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬-‫آ‬ ‫و‬-‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬.
‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬Load Estimation‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أ‬)، ‫رة‬ ‫إ‬
‫إ‬ ، ‫ﺕ‬(‫ﺕ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أﺡ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫وآ‬‫ام‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫دئ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫وذ‬ ، ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ام‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وا‬ ،
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺹ‬National Electric Code (NEC)،
‫دی‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫وآ‬.
‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أدوات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ی‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬
‫ا‬ ‫اﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬:
•‫ت‬ ‫ارى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬.

18. ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬)‫أ‬.‫د‬.‫د‬(18
•‫ا‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ق‬Voltage Drop‫وز‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫م‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ا‬.
•‫ا‬ ‫رات‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ق‬Short Circuit‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬‫ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬CBS‫إن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ل‬ ‫رات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﺡ‬.
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دوات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ﺡ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫درا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫رئ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬
‫ای‬‫ا‬‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬.‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫آ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﺡ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫را‬ ‫ج‬ ‫رئ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬، ‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬
‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬.‫أ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬‫ن‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬
‫ج‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫رج‬ ، ‫ا‬.، ‫آ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ﺡ‬ ‫أآ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬Medium Voltage‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دون‬
)‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.(
‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫دس‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬
‫م‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ور‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫وا‬ ، ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬، ‫رض‬
‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ف‬ ‫وه‬
‫ا‬(TN-C-S, TN-S, TT, IT, TN-C)‫آ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫در‬ ‫وأی‬ ، ‫ا‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬.
‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫وﺕ‬ ‫ت‬‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫را‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رس‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬
‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫وﺡ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أی‬ ‫رس‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬
‫آ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ذج‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬.‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ارع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ءة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬.
‫و‬‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ب‬ ‫وا‬
‫ا‬.
‫ل‬ ‫وأ‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬:"
‫ث‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫إذا‬:‫أو‬ ، ‫ری‬ ‫ﺹ‬
‫ی‬،
‫أو‬‫ی‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫و‬. "
‫ة‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬
2010

19. ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬

20. ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬)‫أ‬.‫د‬.‫د‬(20
1‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫أ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫وا‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ، ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬)‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬‫إ‬(،
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫وا‬)‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬(،‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫وا‬)، ‫ی‬ ‫وا‬ ، ‫ا‬
‫إ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫وا‬(‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫وأ‬ ،)‫م‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ى‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وا‬ ، ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
‫إ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬(‫ل‬ ‫وأ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ،.
‫آ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أآ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ، ‫ت‬
‫آ‬ ، ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫درا‬ ‫أه‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬.
1-1‫ا‬ ‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رآ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اف‬ ‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫اف‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أر‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ه‬ ‫م‬‫وه‬ ، ‫آ‬ ‫وع‬:
1-‫ا‬)‫وع‬ ‫ا‬.(
2-‫ري‬ ‫ا‬)‫ا‬ ‫اف‬ ‫ا‬.(
3-‫ول‬ ‫ا‬)‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬(.
4-‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬.
1-1-1‫ا‬
، ‫ذ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫دا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وه‬ ، ‫وع‬ ‫أى‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬
‫وآ‬ ، ‫ری‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أدوارا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫دوار‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وا‬
‫إداری‬ ‫أو‬.‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬.‫و‬
‫وو‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ، ‫ر‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫وآ‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫ات‬ ‫وﺡ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫أو‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ط‬ ‫رﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬.
1-1-2‫رى‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ی‬، ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اد‬ ‫وإ‬ ، ‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫و‬.‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ، ً ‫أی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬
‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ﺕ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺡ‬‫ى‬
‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ن‬.‫دور‬ ‫ء‬ ‫وأه‬
‫إذا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ا‬–‫ا‬ ‫ر‬-‫اف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ﺡ‬
‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺕ‬.
1-1-3‫ول‬ ‫ا‬)‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬‫ة‬(
‫دة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫ري‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اردة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ودوره‬.‫و‬
‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬)‫أ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬‫ﺹ‬(‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫واﺡ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ،
‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬.‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫أه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬
‫ی‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬:

21. ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ 21
1-‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬Electric Safety‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫أ‬.
2-‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ی‬‫ا‬ ‫رات‬ ‫وا‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ءﺕ‬ ‫وآ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫داء‬ ‫وا‬.
3-‫أو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫اؤه‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رات‬ ‫وا‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ا‬
ً ‫ی‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ی‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺕ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬.
4-‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫وا‬ ‫دوات‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ی‬
‫أن‬ ً ‫ﺕ‬ ً ‫وی‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وآ‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫أ‬
‫و‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ی‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫وا‬ ‫دوات‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أى‬ ‫ام‬
‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ردة‬ ‫ا‬.
5-‫ع‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬
‫أ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ﺕ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وذ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬.
6-‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬Shop Drawings‫ی‬ ‫وا‬‫أن‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬
‫ى‬ ‫ا‬.‫آ‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬
‫را‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وآ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬.‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﺕ‬
‫ی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬:
•‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رات‬.
•‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬/‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫دا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬.
•‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬(Socket)‫ور‬ ‫ا‬.
•‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ، ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺕ‬.
•‫ب‬ ‫وأ‬ ، ‫وا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ره‬ ‫وأ‬ ‫ده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬.
•‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وج‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ود‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬ ‫ده‬ ‫وأ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أ‬/
‫ا‬‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ك‬.
•‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬.
•‫ر‬/‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬.
‫د‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ، ‫ده‬ ‫ا‬ ‫را‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫و‬
‫ى‬ ‫إﺡ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ول‬‫ا‬ ‫رات‬ ‫ا‬:
o"‫ﺕ‬"(Approved)‫ت‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وی‬ ،
‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫وا‬.
o"‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ً ‫ﺕ‬"(Approved as Noted)‫ری‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وی‬ ،
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ی‬ ‫آ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫وﺕ‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬.
o"‫ل‬ ‫ﺕ‬/‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫د‬ ‫وی‬ ‫ﺕ‬"(Resubmit)‫ول‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ،
‫ا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.
7-‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫اد‬ ‫إ‬As-Built‫ی‬ ‫وه‬ ، ‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫م‬ ‫إﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ،
‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬‫اردة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫وف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﺹ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ی‬
‫ا‬.
1-1-4‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫اء‬:
‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
)‫إ‬–‫ری‬––‫ﺹ‬–‫اء‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﺕ‬(‫أآ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬.
‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬.

22. ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬)‫أ‬.‫د‬.‫د‬(22
‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫إ‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ه‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫اد‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬
ً ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬
‫ﺡ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ذا‬ ، ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ی‬
‫ا‬‫رده‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬
‫آ‬ ‫رى‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وأن‬ ، ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬.
‫و‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ردة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫اد‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ی‬.
‫ردة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬.
‫از‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دات‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬( Type test)‫ی‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دات‬ ‫أو‬
‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬Routine test).(
‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫وا‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬(Workshop drawings).
‫اف‬ ‫ا‬‫رات‬ ‫ا‬Testing‫ی‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬
‫وع‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬‫آ‬.
‫ت‬ ‫ردة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫إ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ات‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ارد‬ ً ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اد‬ ‫إ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬As-Built‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫و‬.
‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬FIDIC‫اف‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذج‬ ‫أ‬
‫ول‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ذج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ، ‫وع‬ ‫ا‬
‫أ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬.‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أی‬ ‫ك‬ ‫وه‬
‫إ‬ ، ‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬.
1-2‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ی‬‫دوار‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫وع‬ ‫أى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬.
1-2-1‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫أو‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ی‬
‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬.‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ور‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬
‫ه‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬:
1.‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺡ‬:‫ﺡ‬ ‫وز‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ذا‬500kVA)‫دو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ی‬
‫ى‬(‫ة‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وزارة‬ ‫ام‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ك‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺹ‬
‫ه‬ ‫وج‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وی‬ ، ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وا‬
‫دا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وزارة‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬.
‫أ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ارﺕ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وی‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
‫إ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫آ‬ ، ‫أد‬ ‫آ‬75‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.‫ة‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ود‬ ‫وﺕ‬
‫ﺡ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وا‬ ‫اه‬ ‫إﺡ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬.‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫وإذا‬
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ی‬60
‫رض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذی‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫وی‬ ،) .‫را‬
‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬.(
2.‫ل‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺡ‬:‫أ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ، ‫ارئ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أﺡ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫وﺕ‬
‫ات‬ ‫أﺹ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺕ‬، ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫ز‬ ‫را‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وأﺡ‬.‫ع‬ ‫رﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫وﺕ‬
‫اوح‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ود‬ ‫ﺡ‬3‫و‬5‫و‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أﺡ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺡ‬Winch
‫أو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬.‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬.

23. ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ 23
3.‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺡ‬:‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وﺕ‬.
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫و‬.
‫س‬ ‫ی‬ ، ‫ح‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إه‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ی‬ ‫آ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬.‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬
‫ك‬ ‫ی‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ره‬ ‫ی‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺡ‬
‫آ‬)‫إ‬ ، ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬(‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ،
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ور‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬
‫آ‬ ‫ت‬‫ك‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫دة‬ ، ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ‫م‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ط‬ ‫إ‬ ‫إ‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫دون‬ ‫و‬ ‫أى‬.
‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ء‬ ‫د‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫رى‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬.‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ه‬ ‫وه‬Cable
Trays‫رض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أم‬ ، ‫أم‬ ،.‫ر‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫وی‬
‫إذا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫رﺕ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬
‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫أی‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬
)‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ای‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أ‬(‫رض‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬‫زی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫داری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.
1-2-2‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫رض‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ورى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أ‬
‫ط‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫رض‬ ‫ا‬Cable Tray‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬Ducts
‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫إ‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫رض‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫وآ‬ ، ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬)Sprinklers(‫رض‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫وآ‬ ،
‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬.
‫ی‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رأی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وآ‬(Sprinkler)‫ف‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ی‬ ، ‫ا‬
‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬.
‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ور‬Ducts‫و‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬
، ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اغ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ت‬
‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إ‬ ، ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫دﺕ‬ ‫وإ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬.
1-2-3‫ءات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ج‬ ‫وی‬)‫ا‬(، ‫ود‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ءات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وزان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
‫أدوار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ءات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ،
‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.‫ﺹ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ور‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﺡ‬
‫ات‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬
‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ورة‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وه‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ا‬ ‫اج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫وه‬ ، ‫ه‬ ‫أی‬ ‫و‬)100‫دور‬(‫ﺕ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫اج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وأﺡ‬ ،
‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ور‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أﺡ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ور‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫وزن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫دی‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ور‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ءات‬ ‫ا‬
‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬.
1-3‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫اد‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫ءة‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وا‬ ، ‫آ‬.‫وه‬
‫م‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬:

24. ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬)‫أ‬.‫د‬.‫د‬(24
‫أ‬.‫ری‬ ‫ت‬.
‫ب‬.‫ت‬
‫ج‬.‫آ‬ ‫ت‬
1-3-1‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
‫أ‬.‫ا‬
‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أو‬‫ا‬‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ص‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أو‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ﺕ‬.‫آ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬
‫أه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬:
1.‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬.
2.‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ،
‫ري‬ ‫ا‬)‫أی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫وأﺡ‬(‫ذ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫رات‬ ‫ا‬.
3.‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أی‬ ‫ا‬Building Environment‫أم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ،‫و‬
‫أم‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ه‬.
4.‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ، ‫أم‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رات‬ ‫ا‬.
5.‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ط‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ﺡ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬.
6.‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ی‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ، ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫آ‬.‫اﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أآ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬
‫ی‬ ‫أي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬
‫إ‬100‫ا‬‫آ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬20:30.‫و‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬25.%
‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬.
‫ب‬.‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫وی‬‫آ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫اد‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬
، ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ل‬ ،
، ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫وأ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ل‬
‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫و‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬.
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬)‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬Plans(‫وا‬ ،
‫ا‬Side Views)(‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ،)Elevations(‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أآ‬ ‫ه‬‫إ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اع‬ ‫ا‬
‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬(Shop Drawings).
1-3-2‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
1-‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬
‫ه‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫إ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬‫ی‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬.
2-‫ی‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ود‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ی‬
(HVAC)Heating –Ventilation and Air Condition‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺡ‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أﺡ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ی‬ ‫آ‬ ، ‫ا‬
‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬.

25. ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ 25
1-3-3‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
A-‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أی‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬
‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وآ‬ ، ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رج‬ ‫وا‬ ، ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أﺡ‬ ، ‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ور‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬‫آ‬ ‫ه‬
‫ذآ‬ ‫أن‬.
B–‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ی‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ه‬
‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ي‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ری‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ء‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬.‫وه‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫وإن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
)‫آ‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬(‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬
‫ی‬ ‫إن‬ ‫وذ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ی‬
‫ا‬ ‫رك‬.‫رى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫وا‬-‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
-‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ء‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬
‫أی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬.
C.‫ﺉ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ا‬.
‫ی‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬.‫ط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬Single -Phase‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬)‫ا‬ ‫ا‬12 kW
‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬(‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أو‬ ،Three-Phase‫ذ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬.
‫أو‬ ‫آ‬ ً‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫وإذا‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أو‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬Ring System
‫ی‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬.‫ی‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬Two in-takes
‫ا‬.
‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬)‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬(‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬)
Ring System(‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬66/11‫أو‬132/11kV‫آ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫درا‬ ‫ﺕ‬.
D.‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ا‬.
1-‫رة‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ت‬ ، ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وأذواق‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫آ‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬
‫ع‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رش‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫زل‬ ‫ا‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬.‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬
‫اد‬ ‫ا‬)‫إ‬ ، ،.(
2-‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺵ‬.
‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬
، ‫ا‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫آ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ع‬.
3-‫ﻡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﻥ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أﻡ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ای‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ا‬)Sockets) (‫ا‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أی‬ ‫وﺕ‬(‫رة‬13‫و‬ ، ‫أ‬15
‫أو‬ ‫أ‬20‫رة‬ ‫ای‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫أ‬40‫أ‬‫أو‬30‫ا‬ ‫أ‬

26. ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬)‫أ‬.‫د‬.‫د‬(26
‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬Double Pole Switch, DP SW‫أن‬ ‫آ‬ ، ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬
‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬(Three Phase)‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ی‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬
‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ی‬Sockets‫ا‬.‫ن‬ ‫و‬
‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬.
1-4‫آ‬ ‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ﺥ‬
‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬:
1-‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬.
2-‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ا‬Load Estimation‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫رة‬)‫وﺕ‬
‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ا‬ ، ‫ای‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أﺡ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬.(‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫أی‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫وﺕ‬
‫ام‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬Demand Factors‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬Diversity Factors.
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اءات‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اءات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬.‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺡ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬)‫ری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫وا‬ ‫وا‬(‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫رى‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ن‬
‫ا‬ ‫ءات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫آ‬ ، ‫راﺕ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آ‬ ‫وأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬‫ج‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ى‬
‫أن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ، ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أ‬
‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اﺡ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫دری‬ ‫ن‬
‫ا‬)‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺕ‬.(
3-‫ﺕ‬‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬)‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬(‫ءة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وو‬ ،
)‫ﺕ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬(‫ا‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ، ‫ا‬)‫ای‬ ‫ا‬(‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫زه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وو‬ ،
‫ا‬.
4-‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ، ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬،....‫إ‬(‫و‬ ،
‫ی‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رج‬ ‫آ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.‫زا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺡ‬
‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وی‬-1‫ض‬.‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫و‬‫أو‬ ‫زأ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ﺡ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫دا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.
5-‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬Branch Circuits‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ، ‫ه‬ ‫دوا‬ ‫وﺕ‬
‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬)، ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ى‬ ‫رج‬ ، ‫رج‬(‫ذ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ،
‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺕ‬.
6-‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬)‫إ‬ ، ‫ارئ‬ ، ‫ﺡ‬ ، ‫ه‬ ، ‫ى‬ ، ‫رة‬ ‫إ‬.(
7-‫زی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬)(DBsDistribution Boards
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﺕ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دوا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬
‫ا‬)‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ازن‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬.(
8-‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دوا‬ ‫ﺕ‬)‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫زی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬(
‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫وی‬ ، ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬
‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬.
9-‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬Feeders & CB (Circuit Breakers)‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اول‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.
10-‫وری‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬)Short Circuit Study, Voltage Drop, etc(‫آ‬
‫ﺹ‬ ‫رة‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫دی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.(
11-‫ا‬‫وع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬Distribution System‫ا‬ ‫وأه‬
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬:‫أم‬ ‫واﺡ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ه‬
‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ، ‫؟‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫وآ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫و‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ارئ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ، ‫؟‬ ‫ری‬.(‫ر‬Single
Line Diagram.‫و‬ ، ‫وع‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫آ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫دس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬.