Why do countries with high GNI and GDP are attractive for foreign in.pdf
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Why do countries with high GNI and GDP are attractive for foreign investment? Solution Let us first understand what is a GNI and GDP The gross national income (GNI) is the total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country, consisting of gross domestic product (GDP) plus factor incomes earned by foreign residents, minus income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the broadest quantitative measure of a nation\'s total economic activity. More specifically, GDP represents the monetary value of all goods and services produced within a nation\'s geographic borders over a specified period of time. The gross domestic product (GDP) is one of the primary indicators used to gauge the health of a country\'s economy. It represents the total dollar value of all goods and services produced over a specific time period; you can think of it as the size of the economy. Usually, GDP is expressed as a comparison to the previous quarter or year. For example, if the year-to-year GDP is up 3%, this is thought to mean that the economy has grown by 3% over the last year. Measuring GDP is complicated (which is why we leave it to the economists), but at its most basic, the calculation can be done in one of two ways: either by adding up what everyone earned in a year (income approach), or by adding up what everyone spent (expenditure method). Logically, both measures should arrive at roughly the same total. Both the factors reflects the following ; and are most important in attracting foreign investments In other words ,it determine the health of the any given economy ,and therefore is an important yardstick to assess and measure and invest.
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GDP is defined as an aggregate measure of production equal to the .pdf
GDP is defined as \"an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values
added of all resident, institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any
subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs)\" by the OECD. It can be
measured through any of the following three ways:
In general the various components of GDP includes the following:
Y = C + I + G + (X M)
where Y = GDP
C = Consumption
I = INvestment
G = Govt. Spending
X-M = Net Export
When talking about US\'s GDP, the major contribution is made by Consumption. Nearly 70% of
what the United States produces is for personal consumption. In 2014, $11.929 trillion of the the
total $17.418 trillion produced in the U.S, where goods contributed almost 1/4 of total GDP and
service nearly half (45.7%) of GDP. Because of post recession period, investment is not that
much contributing. Although fixed investment (specially real estate development) has a better
role to play than private inventory change. Government spending added $3.176 trillion to the
economy in 2014, 18.2% of total GDP. In the end, the United States imports more than it
exports, creating a trade deficit hence having negative effect on GDP. In 2014, imports were
$2.875 trillion, while exports were $2.335 trillion. As a result, international tradesubtracted $540
billion from GDP.
All data are sourced from U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product
Accounts Tables.
Differences between real GDP and nominal GDP are given in the following table:
Real GDP = pbqt
where b denotes the base year.
Nominal GDP = ptqt
where p refers to price, q is quantity, and t indicates the year in question (usually the current
year).
Business Cycle refers to economic contractions, troughs, expansions and peaks that are
unpredictable phases of economic activity. As the economy goes through business cycle changes,
these positively or negatively affect the GDP.
During a contraction, economic output slows, usually due to decreased demand for products and
services, an increase in the cost of raw materials or both. An economic trough occurs after a
contraction. A historically high national unemployment rate and low economic output usually
mark this trough, which often signals that the economy is already in or heading toward a
recession. Unlike a contractionary phase in which the GDP decreases but is still positive, during
a trough the GDP is negative.After the \"rock bottom\" of an economic trough, expansion is its
recovery. If the economy grows for two or three consecutive calendar quarters, it indicates that it
is beginning its recovery and GDP begins to increase. An economic peak is like a mountain
summit. Once the economy reaches this peak, it must come down. This economic peak is the
highest point of economic growth and output, resulting in an increase in the GDP.BasisReal
GDPNominal GDPMeaning/MeasureIt measures the value of output economy, adjusted for price
changes.It measures the mark.
National income(Engineering Economics and Management-EEM)
This Powerpoint Presentation is about the Economy of India and its all termns covered by National Income
Recommended
GDP is defined as an aggregate measure of production equal to the .pdf
GDP is defined as \"an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values
added of all resident, institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any
subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs)\" by the OECD. It can be
measured through any of the following three ways:
In general the various components of GDP includes the following:
Y = C + I + G + (X M)
where Y = GDP
C = Consumption
I = INvestment
G = Govt. Spending
X-M = Net Export
When talking about US\'s GDP, the major contribution is made by Consumption. Nearly 70% of
what the United States produces is for personal consumption. In 2014, $11.929 trillion of the the
total $17.418 trillion produced in the U.S, where goods contributed almost 1/4 of total GDP and
service nearly half (45.7%) of GDP. Because of post recession period, investment is not that
much contributing. Although fixed investment (specially real estate development) has a better
role to play than private inventory change. Government spending added $3.176 trillion to the
economy in 2014, 18.2% of total GDP. In the end, the United States imports more than it
exports, creating a trade deficit hence having negative effect on GDP. In 2014, imports were
$2.875 trillion, while exports were $2.335 trillion. As a result, international tradesubtracted $540
billion from GDP.
All data are sourced from U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product
Accounts Tables.
Differences between real GDP and nominal GDP are given in the following table:
Real GDP = pbqt
where b denotes the base year.
Nominal GDP = ptqt
where p refers to price, q is quantity, and t indicates the year in question (usually the current
year).
Business Cycle refers to economic contractions, troughs, expansions and peaks that are
unpredictable phases of economic activity. As the economy goes through business cycle changes,
these positively or negatively affect the GDP.
During a contraction, economic output slows, usually due to decreased demand for products and
services, an increase in the cost of raw materials or both. An economic trough occurs after a
contraction. A historically high national unemployment rate and low economic output usually
mark this trough, which often signals that the economy is already in or heading toward a
recession. Unlike a contractionary phase in which the GDP decreases but is still positive, during
a trough the GDP is negative.After the \"rock bottom\" of an economic trough, expansion is its
recovery. If the economy grows for two or three consecutive calendar quarters, it indicates that it
is beginning its recovery and GDP begins to increase. An economic peak is like a mountain
summit. Once the economy reaches this peak, it must come down. This economic peak is the
highest point of economic growth and output, resulting in an increase in the GDP.BasisReal
GDPNominal GDPMeaning/MeasureIt measures the value of output economy, adjusted for price
changes.It measures the mark.
National income(Engineering Economics and Management-EEM)
This Powerpoint Presentation is about the Economy of India and its all termns covered by National Income
Gross Domestic ProductErskine S. Walther, Ph.D.G.docx
Gross Domestic Product
Erskine S. Walther, Ph.D.
GDP: Defined
GDP: The market value of all final goods and services produced in an economy in a specific period of time.
Market Value: The measurement is in current prices, this known as Nominal GDP or just GDP.
Final Goods and Services: Goods and services that have reached their final usage. They are not used to produce another good or service. Goods that are used in that way are Intermediate Goods.
Intermediate Goods and Services are those that are used as inputs into the production of other goods and services. There are not directly counted in GDP as their value is included in the value (price) of the final goods and services. Thus, counting them directly would double count the same output. However, if the intermediate good has not been sold, it is counted in GDP as inventory.
GDP Defined: continued
Specific Period of Time: GDP can be computed for a month, a quarter or a year. The most common measures are annually and quarterly.
Formal, Legal Markets: Only goods and services that are traded in formal, legal markets are counted in GDP.
Underground Economy: The underground economy is composed of economic transactions involving activities that are not legal activities in a given society. These are not included in GDP. Illegal drugs and illegal gambling are common examples.
Informal Economy: These are legal activities that do no go through formal markets. They are not included in GDP. Income not reported for taxation purposes or work done for barter are examples of informal economic activities.
Some authors include legal activities as part of the underground economy definition.
GDP Defined: continued
Household Production: Productive activities done in and for the household are not counted in GDP as there is no direct monetary payment for such activities. (If you give children an allowance for household chores that would be part of the informal economy. If you clean your own home, that is household production.)
Leisure Activities: Leisure activities that do not involve the purchase of goods and services are not counted in GDP.
Spending an afternoon with family and friends that does not involve buying goods or services would not be counted in GDP as no economic transaction has occurred.
A vacation involving paid activities does count in GDP as goods and services are purchased.
GDP: Purpose
The Purpose of GDP is to measure the total output of goods and services in any economy during a specific period of time.
GDP is Value Neutral: It makes no judgments regarding product quality or whether or not a good or service is “good” for you. Those judgments are left to the consumer who is assumed to be able to make intelligent decisions that reflect their own personal tastes, preferences and values.
Changes in GDP measure economic growth.
Economic growth is the increase in the output of goods and services in an economy over a specific period of time. This must b ...
Below are the transactions and adjustments that occurred during the .pdf
Below are the transactions and adjustments that occurred during the first year of operations at
Kissick Co
a. Issued 190,000 shares of $5-par-value common stock for $950,000 in cash.
b. Borrowed $500,000 from Oglesby National Bank and signed a 10% note due in three years.
c. Incurred and paid $380,000 in salaries for the year.
d. Purchased $730,000 of merchandise inventory on account during the year.
e. Sold inventory costing $590,000 for a total of $910,000, all on credit.
f. Paid rent of $220,000 on the sales facilities during the first 11 months of the year.
g. Purchased $180,000 of store equipment, paying $55,000 in cash and agreeing to pay the
difference within 90 days.
h. Paid the entire $125,000 owed for store equipment and $620,000 of the amount due to
suppliers for credit purchases previously recorded.
i. Incurred and paid utilities expense of $35,000 during the year.
j. Collected $825,000 in cash from customers during the year for credit sales previously
recorded.
k. At year-end, accrued $50,000 of interest on the note due to Oglesby National Bank.
l. At year-end, accrued $20,000 of past-due December rent on the sales facilities. Required a.
Prepare an income statement (ignoring income taxes) for Kissick Co.\'s first year of operations
and a balance sheet as of the end of the year. account affected by the transactions.) KISSICK CO
Income Statement
Solution
Answers
ASSETS
LIABILITIES
STOCKHOLDER EQUITY
INCOME STATEMENT (Retained earnings)
Transaction
Cash
Accounts receivables
Merchandise Inventory
Equipment
Notes Payable
Accounts Payable
Common Stock
Net Income
Revenue
Expenses
a
$ 950,000.00
$ 950,000.00
$ -
b
$ 500,000.00
$ 500,000.00
$ -
c
$ (380,000.00)
$ (380,000.00)
$ 380,000.00
d
$ 730,000.00
$ 730,000.00
$ -
e
$ 910,000.00
$ 910,000.00
$ 910,000.00
$ (590,000.00)
$ (590,000.00)
$ 590,000.00
f
$ (220,000.00)
$ (220,000.00)
$ 220,000.00
g
$ (55,000.00)
$ 55,000.00
$ -
$ 125,000.00
$ 125,000.00
$ -
h
$ (745,000.00)
$ (745,000.00)
$ -
i
$ (41,000.00)
$ (41,000.00)
$ 41,000.00
j
$ 825,000.00
$ (825,000.00)
$ -
k
$ 50,000.00
$ (50,000.00)
$ 50,000.00
l
$ 20,000.00
$ (20,000.00)
$ 20,000.00
Total
$ 834,000.00
$ 85,000.00
$ 140,000.00
$ 180,000.00
$ 550,000.00
$ 130,000.00
$ 950,000.00
$ (391,000.00)
$ 910,000.00
$ 1,301,000.00
Transaction no.
e
Sales Revenues
$ 910,000.00
e
Cost of Goods Sold
$ 590,000.00
Gross Profits
$ 320,000.00
Operating Expenses:
c
Salaries expense
$ 380,000.00
f + l
Rent Expenses
$ 240,000.00
i
Utilities expense
$ 41,000.00
Total operating expenses
$ 661,000.00
Operating Income
$ (341,000.00)
Other revenues & expenses
j
Interest expense
$ 50,000.00
Net Income (Loss)
$ (391,000.00)
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash
$ 834,000.00
Accounts receivables
$ 85,000.00
Merchandise Inventory
$ 140,000.00
Total current assets
$ 1,059,000.00
Equipment
$ 180,000.00
Total Assets
$ 1,239,000.00
LIABILITIES
Accounts Payable
$ 110,000.00
Interest Payable
$ 50,000.00
Rent (Expense) Payable
$ 20,000.00
Total current Liabilities
$ 180,0.
Help Please. Results not given Explain how your results for the pe.pdf
Help Please. Results not given Explain how your results for the percent of water in the hydrate
and the formula of the hydrate would be changed if water from the air were absorbed by the hot
dry sample as it cools. Be specific and justifty your answer.
Solution
For example take calcium sulphate anhydrous form which is black in color upon cooling changes
to blue which is calcium sulphate penta hydrate . The percent of water content increases and also
5 H2O is added in the empirical formula..
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Similar to Why do countries with high GNI and GDP are attractive for foreign in.pdf
Gross Domestic ProductErskine S. Walther, Ph.D.G.docx
Gross Domestic Product
Erskine S. Walther, Ph.D.
GDP: Defined
GDP: The market value of all final goods and services produced in an economy in a specific period of time.
Market Value: The measurement is in current prices, this known as Nominal GDP or just GDP.
Final Goods and Services: Goods and services that have reached their final usage. They are not used to produce another good or service. Goods that are used in that way are Intermediate Goods.
Intermediate Goods and Services are those that are used as inputs into the production of other goods and services. There are not directly counted in GDP as their value is included in the value (price) of the final goods and services. Thus, counting them directly would double count the same output. However, if the intermediate good has not been sold, it is counted in GDP as inventory.
GDP Defined: continued
Specific Period of Time: GDP can be computed for a month, a quarter or a year. The most common measures are annually and quarterly.
Formal, Legal Markets: Only goods and services that are traded in formal, legal markets are counted in GDP.
Underground Economy: The underground economy is composed of economic transactions involving activities that are not legal activities in a given society. These are not included in GDP. Illegal drugs and illegal gambling are common examples.
Informal Economy: These are legal activities that do no go through formal markets. They are not included in GDP. Income not reported for taxation purposes or work done for barter are examples of informal economic activities.
Some authors include legal activities as part of the underground economy definition.
GDP Defined: continued
Household Production: Productive activities done in and for the household are not counted in GDP as there is no direct monetary payment for such activities. (If you give children an allowance for household chores that would be part of the informal economy. If you clean your own home, that is household production.)
Leisure Activities: Leisure activities that do not involve the purchase of goods and services are not counted in GDP.
Spending an afternoon with family and friends that does not involve buying goods or services would not be counted in GDP as no economic transaction has occurred.
A vacation involving paid activities does count in GDP as goods and services are purchased.
GDP: Purpose
The Purpose of GDP is to measure the total output of goods and services in any economy during a specific period of time.
GDP is Value Neutral: It makes no judgments regarding product quality or whether or not a good or service is “good” for you. Those judgments are left to the consumer who is assumed to be able to make intelligent decisions that reflect their own personal tastes, preferences and values.
Changes in GDP measure economic growth.
Economic growth is the increase in the output of goods and services in an economy over a specific period of time. This must b ...
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national income ,GNP, GDP, NOMINAL AND REAL INTEREST RATES& PPP'S
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Below are the transactions and adjustments that occurred during the .pdf
Below are the transactions and adjustments that occurred during the first year of operations at
Kissick Co
a. Issued 190,000 shares of $5-par-value common stock for $950,000 in cash.
b. Borrowed $500,000 from Oglesby National Bank and signed a 10% note due in three years.
c. Incurred and paid $380,000 in salaries for the year.
d. Purchased $730,000 of merchandise inventory on account during the year.
e. Sold inventory costing $590,000 for a total of $910,000, all on credit.
f. Paid rent of $220,000 on the sales facilities during the first 11 months of the year.
g. Purchased $180,000 of store equipment, paying $55,000 in cash and agreeing to pay the
difference within 90 days.
h. Paid the entire $125,000 owed for store equipment and $620,000 of the amount due to
suppliers for credit purchases previously recorded.
i. Incurred and paid utilities expense of $35,000 during the year.
j. Collected $825,000 in cash from customers during the year for credit sales previously
recorded.
k. At year-end, accrued $50,000 of interest on the note due to Oglesby National Bank.
l. At year-end, accrued $20,000 of past-due December rent on the sales facilities. Required a.
Prepare an income statement (ignoring income taxes) for Kissick Co.\'s first year of operations
and a balance sheet as of the end of the year. account affected by the transactions.) KISSICK CO
Income Statement
Solution
Answers
ASSETS
LIABILITIES
STOCKHOLDER EQUITY
INCOME STATEMENT (Retained earnings)
Transaction
Cash
Accounts receivables
Merchandise Inventory
Equipment
Notes Payable
Accounts Payable
Common Stock
Net Income
Revenue
Expenses
a
$ 950,000.00
$ 950,000.00
$ -
b
$ 500,000.00
$ 500,000.00
$ -
c
$ (380,000.00)
$ (380,000.00)
$ 380,000.00
d
$ 730,000.00
$ 730,000.00
$ -
e
$ 910,000.00
$ 910,000.00
$ 910,000.00
$ (590,000.00)
$ (590,000.00)
$ 590,000.00
f
$ (220,000.00)
$ (220,000.00)
$ 220,000.00
g
$ (55,000.00)
$ 55,000.00
$ -
$ 125,000.00
$ 125,000.00
$ -
h
$ (745,000.00)
$ (745,000.00)
$ -
i
$ (41,000.00)
$ (41,000.00)
$ 41,000.00
j
$ 825,000.00
$ (825,000.00)
$ -
k
$ 50,000.00
$ (50,000.00)
$ 50,000.00
l
$ 20,000.00
$ (20,000.00)
$ 20,000.00
Total
$ 834,000.00
$ 85,000.00
$ 140,000.00
$ 180,000.00
$ 550,000.00
$ 130,000.00
$ 950,000.00
$ (391,000.00)
$ 910,000.00
$ 1,301,000.00
Transaction no.
e
Sales Revenues
$ 910,000.00
e
Cost of Goods Sold
$ 590,000.00
Gross Profits
$ 320,000.00
Operating Expenses:
c
Salaries expense
$ 380,000.00
f + l
Rent Expenses
$ 240,000.00
i
Utilities expense
$ 41,000.00
Total operating expenses
$ 661,000.00
Operating Income
$ (341,000.00)
Other revenues & expenses
j
Interest expense
$ 50,000.00
Net Income (Loss)
$ (391,000.00)
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash
$ 834,000.00
Accounts receivables
$ 85,000.00
Merchandise Inventory
$ 140,000.00
Total current assets
$ 1,059,000.00
Equipment
$ 180,000.00
Total Assets
$ 1,239,000.00
LIABILITIES
Accounts Payable
$ 110,000.00
Interest Payable
$ 50,000.00
Rent (Expense) Payable
$ 20,000.00
Total current Liabilities
$ 180,0.
Help Please. Results not given Explain how your results for the pe.pdf
Help Please. Results not given Explain how your results for the percent of water in the hydrate
and the formula of the hydrate would be changed if water from the air were absorbed by the hot
dry sample as it cools. Be specific and justifty your answer.
Solution
For example take calcium sulphate anhydrous form which is black in color upon cooling changes
to blue which is calcium sulphate penta hydrate . The percent of water content increases and also
5 H2O is added in the empirical formula..
As a software developer you have been delegated with the assignment .pdf
As a software developer you have been delegated with the assignment of developing a software
“Library Management System” for an educational institute to manage their books. Elaborate the
different tasks you will undertake at each step of the software development lifecycle to develop
an efficient software
Solution
There are basically three phases in developing this LIbrary Management System .They are:
1)Project Initiation
2)Project execution
3)Release and usage (deploying)
1) PROJECT INITIATION : This is the Starting pahse of the project.Here the requirements are
gathered and the scope and cost of executing the project are known.This is known for deciding
whether the project should be developed or not.
2)PROJECT EXECUTION
In this phase the development or execution of the project takes place. Here we will try to build
up the project.
In this we have three sub-phases they are:
A. system analysis
• Initial study: The details about the project are known.
• Information gathering:The components or tools required to build up the project are
gathered.EX:Programming languages.
B. System design
• Design standard
• High level design & design tools
• Database design
• Logical design
• Construction
3. System implementation
• Integration & testing : Here all the individual build up phases are combined and are developed
into a totally functional system and are thouroughly tested.
• Post implementation :This is generally the BEta testing or USer Acceptence testing phase,This
is done after the entire project is implemented.
3)PROJECT DEPLOYMENT
In this phase the project is ready for work.It is deployed and is used.
After all these phases MAINTENANCE phase takes place.In MAINTENANCE phase any faults
which are found in the system will be solved..
What scientist is credited with proposing the equivalency of mass and.pdf
What scientist is credited with proposing the equivalency of mass and energy? What is the
famous equation that he proposed?
Solution
Here ,
the scientist proposing the equivalency of mass and energy was Albert Einstein.
the equation proposed by him was.
E = m * c^2
where E is energy
m is mass
c is the speed of light.
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Which of the following is NOT true about the? ESCB?
A.It acts as an independent monetary authority.
B.It is an abbreviation for the European System of Central Banks.
C.Any one country can exert veto power over monetary policy.
D.It includes European Central Bank
Solution
A) It acts as an independent monetary authority. This is not true for ESCB as it consists of ECB
and 28 state national central banks. So the ESCB is not a monetary authority and also many EU
states having national banks have not joined euro..
What is 4 -4 + infinity - infinity As x approaches 3 from th.pdf
What is 4 -4 + infinity - infinity As x approaches 3 from the right (i.e. 3) the values are just
bigger that 3. So the denominator is positive and approaching 0. Hence the limit is going to +
infinity. Had the denominator been (3 - x) then the answer would have been - infinity.
Solution
c) +infinity if x approaches from 3+ then it will always be less than 3 ,suppose
x=3.00001 then the difference = 3-3.00001 = -.00001 hence when denominator is 3-x it will
always tend to (-infinity).
Use what you have learned so far to bring variety in your writing. U.pdf
Use what you have learned so far to bring variety in your writing. Use the following lines or your
own sheet of paper to write six sentences that practice each basic sentence pattern. When you
have finished, label each part of the sentence (S, V, LV, N, Adj, Adv, DO, IO).
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________
6. ________________________________________________________________
Solution
The sentences you have encountered so far have been independent clauses. As you look more
closely at your past writing assignments, you may notice that some of your sentences are not
complete. A sentence that is missing a subject or a verb is called a fragment. A fragment may
include a description or may express part of an idea, but it does not express a complete thought.
Fragment: Children helping in the kitchen.
Complete sentence: Children helping in the kitchen often make a mess.
You can easily fix a fragment by adding the missing subject or verb. In the example, the sentence
was missing a verb. Adding often make a mess creates an S-V-N sentence structure. Figure 3.1
illustrates how you can edit a fragment to become a complete sentence.
Editing Fragments That Are Missing a Subject or a Verb
Fragment: Told her about the broken vase.
Complete sentence: I told her about the broken vase.
Complete sentence: The store down on Main Street sells music.
Common Sentence Errors
Fragments often occur because of some common errors, such as starting a sentence with a
preposition, a dependent word, an infinitive, or a gerund. If you use the six basic sentence
patterns when you write, you should be able to avoid these errors and thus avoid writing
fragments.
When you see a preposition, check to see that it is part of a sentence containing a subject and a
verb. If it is not connected to a complete sentence, it is a fragment, and you will need to fix this
type of fragment by combining it with another sentence. You can add the prepositional phrase to
the end of the sentence. If you add it to the beginning of the other sentence, insert a comma after
the prepositional phrase. Look at the examples. Figure 3.2 illustrates how you can edit a
fragment that begins with a preposition.
Example A:
[Incorrect: After walking over two miles. John remembered his wallet. Correct: After walking
over two miles, John remembered his wallet. Correct: John remembered his wallet after walking
over two miles.]
Example B:
[Incorrect: The dog growled at the vacuum cleaner. When it was switched on. Correct: When the
vacuum cleaner was switched on, the dog growled. Correct: The dog growled at the vacuum
cleaner when it was switched on.]
Clauses that start with a dependent word—such as since, because, without.
Use C programmingMake sure everything works only uploadSol.pdf
Use C programming
Make sure everything works only upload
Solution
C program
#include
int isPrime(int number);// function prototype
int main()
{
int No,i;// variable decleration
printf(\"Input a number greater than 2: \");// asking user to enter a number
scanf(\"%d\",&No);// scaning the number form user
if(No <= 2)// checking no is lessthan or equ to 2
{ // if yes print message
printf(\"No prime number is smaller than %d.\ \",No);
return 0;// and stop computation
}
// else print the prime numbers
printf(\"Prime numbers smaller than %d:\",No);
for (i = 2;i.
Thoroughly describe the molecular underpinnings of ONE and only one.pdf
Thoroughly describe the molecular underpinnings of ONE and only one of these processes.
Transcription initiation and elongation
Solution
Transcription is the biochemical process involves transferring of information from DNA to
RNA, assisted with RNA polymerase. The RNA produced in this process will be converted to
protein in the process of translation. RNA polymerase read the DNA template and synthesize
with help of other important proteins to carried out the process. The process of transcription
comprises of series of events leading to Initiation, elongation, and termination. In the initiation
process, RNA polymerase with other adapter proteins binds to the upstream of DNA in the
initiation point.
RNA polymerase complexed with unwound DNA which bind to the promoter sequence, and
results in the initiation of the process. Promoter region contains an initiation site where process
begins. RNA polymerase synthesize new strand RNA, which is complementary to the DNA
strand.
In elongation phase, DNA polymerase lengthened the RNA, used as a DNA triplet code in the
template strand. polymerse read the template until the signal is percieved. RNA polymerase
functions by adding nucleotids to 3\' end of the strand and synthesized in 5\' to 3\' direction..
The Blackbeard Company Ltd provided the following information in reg.pdf
The Blackbeard Company Ltd provided the following information in regard to its operations for
the year ended 30 June 2014:
Cash Book Summary
Opening balance
$20,000
Accounts Payable
$40,000
Accounts receivable
100,000
Bills Payable (suppliers)
20,000
Bills Receivable (suppliers)
20,000
Interest paid
60,000
Debenture Issue
400,000
Operating expenses
180,000
Dividends received
20,000
Salaries & wages
200,000
Interest received
40,000
Current tax payable
80,000
Motor vehicles
60,000
Plant & machinery
100,000
Share capital
200,000
Dividend paid
120,000
Balance c/d
60,000
860,000
860,000
Balance b/d
60,000
Required:
(a) Net cash used in operating activities; (b) Net cash used in investing activities; (c) Net cash
from financing activities;
(d) Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents.
Please use the following format
Statement of Cash Flows for Blackbeard Company
For the Financial Year Ended 30 June 2014
( i ) Cash flows from Operating Activities
Inflows/
Inflows/
(Outflows)
(Outflows)
Net cash used in operating activities
( ii ) Cash flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used in Investing Activities
( iii ) Cash flows from Financing Activities
Cash Book Summary
Opening balance
$20,000
Accounts Payable
$40,000
Accounts receivable
100,000
Bills Payable (suppliers)
20,000
Bills Receivable (suppliers)
20,000
Interest paid
60,000
Debenture Issue
400,000
Operating expenses
180,000
Dividends received
20,000
Salaries & wages
200,000
Interest received
40,000
Current tax payable
80,000
Motor vehicles
60,000
Plant & machinery
100,000
Share capital
200,000
Dividend paid
120,000
Balance c/d
60,000
860,000
860,000
Balance b/d
60,000
Solution
Statement of Cash flows for Blackbeard Company For the Financial Year Ended 30
June 2014 (i) Cash flow from Operating Activities Inflows/(outflows)
Inflows/(outflows) Accounts Receivable $ 1,00,000 Bills Receivable (suppliers)
$ 20,000 Accounts Payable $ -40,000 Bills Payable(suppliers) $ -
20,000 Operating expense $ -1,80,000 Salaries and wages $ -2,00,000
Current Tax Payable $ -80,000 Dividend received $ 20,000 Interest
received $ 40,000 Net Cash used in Operating Activties $ -3,40,000
(ii) Cash flow from Investing Activities Sales of Motor Vehicle
$ 60,000 Purchase of Plant and Machinery $ -1,00,000 Net Cash
from Investing Actiivties $ -40,000 (iii) Cash flow from Financing activities
Debenture issue $ 4,00,000 Share capital $ 2,00,000 Interest
paid $ -60,000 Dividend paid $ -1,20,000 Net Cash from
financing actiivties $ 4,20,000 Net Increase /(decrease) in cash and cash
equivalent $ 40,000 Cash at the Beginning of the period $ 20,000 Cash at the
end of the period $ 60,000.
Thank you 1. What is responsible for anteriorposterior axis formati.pdf
Thank you 1. What is responsible for anterior:posterior axis formation in the chicken? How is
dorsal ventral patterning accomplished? 2. What is the role of the Posterior Marginal zone in
early chicken development? 3. What is the primitive streak and why is it important in chicken
development? 4. What is the function of Henson\'s Node? To what is it analogous in amphibian
development?
Solution
1.The primitive streak defines the axes of the embryo. It extends from posterior to anterior;
migrating cells enter through its dorsal side and move to its ventral side; and it separates the left
portion of the embryo from the right. Those elements close to the streak will be the medial
(central) structures, while those farther from it will be the distal (lateral) structures
2.Primitive streak is induced by the posterior marginal zone (PMZ) of Koller\'s sickle, which can
also induce Hensen\'s node. If cell movement in the PMZ is blocked, primitive streak does not
form.Thus, the PMZ acts as an organizer.Cells in marginal zones of the embryo, like the PMZ,
are key to development and cell fate determination in chick embryos.
3.The primitive streak is a structure that forms in the blastula during the early stages of avian,
reptilian and mammalian embryonic development. It forms on the dorsal (back) face of the
developing embryo, toward the caudal or posterior end.The presence of the primitive streak will
establish bilateral symmetry, determine the site of gastrulation and initiate germ layer formation.
To form the streak, reptiles, birds and mammals arrange mesenchymal cells along the
prospective midline, establishing the second embryonic axis, as well as the place where cells will
ingress and migrate during the process of gastrulation and germ layer formation.The primitive
streak extends through this midline and creates the left–right and cranial–caudal body axes,and
marks the beginning of gastrulation.This process involves the ingression of mesoderm
progenitors and their migration to their ultimate position,where they will differentiate into the
mesoderm germ layer that, together with endoderm and ectoderm germ layers, will give rise to
all the tissues of the adult organism.
4.
The primitive knot (or primitive node) is the organizer for gastrulation in the vertebrate embryo.
Diversity
In birds, it is known as \"Hensen\'s node\", and is named after its discoverer Victor Hensen.
In amphibians, it is known as \"Spemann\'s organizer\", and is named after Hans Spemann
In chick development, the primitive knot starts as a regional knot of cells that forms on the
blastodisc immediately anterior to where the outer layer of cells will begin to migrate inwards -
an area known as the primitive streak, which is involved with Koller\'s sickle. Posterior to the
node is the primitive pit, where the cells of the epiblast (the upper layer of embryonic cells)
initially begin to invaginate. This invagination expands posteriorly into the primitive groove as
the cells layers c.
Take the basic Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium equation, where there are a.pdf
Take the basic Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium equation, where there are alleles A and B. If the
frequency of the two alleles are represented by p and q, then the expected genotypic frequencies
are p2 2pq q2. Please review your comfort with calculating observed and expected allele and
genotype frequencies. Try adding subscripts to the equation for relative fitness (use w) to predict
change in allele frequency due to selection. Both inbreeding and genetic drift can cause problems
for rare species with declining population size due to reducing genetic diversity. Please contrast
(say how they are different these two forces in terms of number of alleles at a locus (some loci
have more than two alleles) and in terms of average heterozygosity at a locus. In most organisms
most mating is local. If populations of an organism are scattered across a landscape, with gaps
between population, how will that affect inbreeding and expected Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
Solution
Both inbreeding and genetic drift can cause problems for rare species with declining population
size due to reducing genetic diversity. Please contrast (say how they are different) these two
forces in terms of number of alleles at a locus (some loci have more than two alleles) and in
terms of average heterozygosity at a locus. In most organisms most mating is local. If
populations of an organism are scattered across a landscape, with gaps between population, how
will that affect inbreeding and expected Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? If migration among
populations increases how will it affect inbreeding and expected hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
P^2 = homozygous dominant
2pq =heterozygotes
Q^2= homozygous recessive
According to hardy Weinberg
P^2 +2pq + Q^2 =1
p = p2 + ½ (2pq) = p2 + pq
q = q2 + ½ (2pq) = q2 + pq
p + q = 1
(p + q)2 = 1
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 (the Hardy-Weinberg Principle)
Inbreeding can be referred as the mating between closely related organisms.
Inbreeding favors homozygosity, and increase q^2 (recessive homozygotes) and decreases
dominant phenotypes
It will increases the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or lethal traits.
Genetic bottlenecks and founder effects occurs in the population
Leads to
Hence population will be deviated from hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Systems analysis project 10 can you answer the 4 questions at the t.pdf
Systems analysis project 10: can you answer the 4 questions at the task section, thank you.
Personal Trainer, Inc. owns and operates fitness centers in a dozen Midwestern cities. The
centers have done well, and the company is planning an international expansion by opening a
new “supercenter” in the Toronto area. Personal Trainer’s president, Cassia Umi, hired an IT
consultant, Susan Park, to help develop an information system for the new facility. During the
project, Susan will work closely with Gray Lewis, who will manage the new operation.
Background
Susan and Gray finished their work on user interface, input, and output design. They developed
a user-centered design that would be flexible and easy to learn. Now Susan turned her attention
to the architecture for the new system. Susan wanted to consider their own organization and
culture, enterprise resource planning, total cost of ownership, scalability, Web integration, legacy
systems, processing methods, security issues, and corporate portal. She also needed to select a
network plan, or topology, that would dictate the physical cabling and network connections, or
consider a wireless network. When all these tasks were completed, she would submit a system
design specification for approval.
Tasks:
1. What would be the advantages of selecting an Internet-based architecture for the Personal
Trainer’s system?
2. If Personal Trainer wants to increase its Internet marketing efforts, what advice could you
offer? Perform research to find out more about the topic of Web-based marketing before you
answer Gray.
3. What software and hardware infrastructure will be necessary to ensure Personal Trainer can
process point of sale transactions?
4. Prepare an outline for a system design specification and describe the contents of each section
Solution
1)
The Internet has had a colossal effect on system architecture modeling. The Internet has turn out
to be more than a communication channel — numerous IT onlookers see it as a in a far-reaching
way distinctive environment for system development. In a customary client/server system, the
client handles the user interface and the server (or servers in a multi-level framework) handles
the information and application rationale. As it were, a piece of the framework keeps running on
the customer, part on the server.
Interestingly, in an Internet-based architecture, notwithstanding information and application
rationale, the whole user interface is given by the Web server as HTML coded documents that
are deciphered and showed by the client\'s browser. Moving the obligation regarding the
interface from the client to the server improves the procedure of information transmission and
results in lower hardware’s expenses and complexities. The pattern toward Internet-based e-
business is reshaping the IT scene as additional firms utilize the Web to manufacture proficient,
solid, and practical arrangements. At the point when arranging new systems, experts can utilize
accessible.
Step 1. Read critically and analyze the following scenarioGeraldi.pdf
Step 1. Read critically and analyze the following scenario:
Geraldine Barney Garrett, the granddaughter of Wilford Barney took over the reins of the R&D
department of Biotech Health and Life Products (Biotech) in 1965. She had trained at the hands
of her grandmother Wilford’s mother, Maria. Geraldine was a strong manager and developed the
Research and Development (R&D) lab from the advanced kitchen of her grandmother to the
scientific lab of her peers. Geraldine’s management philosophy evolved over the years but she
had several basic ideas that kept her grounded. Geraldine knew she had to answer to the family
in every decision she made. Her grandmother stressed this point and she eventually came to
agree. Therefore, decisions were made by her. She also realized that her employees had good
ideas and talent but they did not bear the responsibility she did. So, although she consulted with
the employees often, she never gave them the power to make important decisions.
Geraldine was charismatic in a motherly way and employees saw her as someone to learn from
but career growth was unlikely so in five or six years employees moved on to another company.
The unambitious stayed on and eventually Geraldine collected a small group of people she
trusted and who became her team. Now, several of the team members are retiring like Geraldine
leaving few left to the company.
When it comes to leading the entire R&D Division, Geraldine is very controlled in defining
goals, setting tasks, and is outstanding at dividing the work among the employees, organizing the
product materials and coordinating and communicating activities between the different
departments. Decisions that Geraldine makes are always dependent on the circumstances and
context of the decision. You often hear her instructing the young employees stating, “Always ask
yourself, which method will work best here? Remember, you are always looking to find the
simplest and most cost-effective solution.” When it comes to developing new products and
innovating, Geraldine is much more open to other people’s input and ideas relying heavily on her
team of experienced but older people. Still, the final decision remains in her hands.
Geraldine could see the need for changes in the lab, the most important of which was retaining
younger employees. Since she was retiring at the end of the year, Geraldine knew the new
department head would have to deal with the problem. Her immediate concern was who the new
department head should be. Her own granddaughter, Melanie Malone, was now working in the
company and she knew Melanie was expecting the job.
Melanie was qualified for the job. She was a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of
Maryland College Park with a double major in Botany and Food Science. She minored in
Business Management. She had worked in the plant in Chicago every summer since High School
and had reproduced and revised all her grandmother’s and great-great grandmother’s recipes.
Starting full-time .
Question 3 2 pts In response to the Great Recession, the Federal Rese.pdf
Question 3 2 pts In response to the Great Recession, the Federal Reserve engaged in quantitative
easing. As a consequence, the monetary base rose by nearly 400%, causing some to worry about
inflation. However, during this time the money supply rose by only 110%. What explains this? A
money multiplier greater than 1. A money multiplier equal to 1. A money multiplier smaller than
1. A negative money multiplier.
Solution
Money multiplier = Money supply / monetary base = 110 / 400 = 0.275
A money multiplier smaller than 1.
Prove that the T_i -property is a topological property for i = 0S.pdf
Prove that the T_i -property is a topological property for i = 0
Solution
Hausdorff spaces do not have in general the homotopy type of any finite space. Recall that a
topological space
X satisfies the T1- separation axiom if for any two distinct points x, y X there exist open sets U
and V such that
x U, y V , y / U, x / V . This is equivalent to saying that the points are closed in X. All
Hausdorff spaces are
T1, but the converse is false.
Q4.14. Which of the following species is most likely to exhibit pate.pdf
Q4.14. Which of the following species is most likely to exhibit paternal care?
The polygynous topi antelope, one of nine species of lekking mammals.
Atlantic cod, a broadcast spawner for which fertilization by satellite males is common.
The monogamous great spotted woodpecker, a species whose males have high paternity
certainty.
Bonobos, a polygynandrous primate with internal fertilization and very low paternity certainty.
Solution
Ans c the monogamous great spotted wood pecker , a species whose males have high paternity
certainty.
They belong to family picidae and live in forests or woodland habitats..
Prepare a classified balance sheet. Do not show the components that .pdf
Prepare a classified balance sheet. Do not show the components that add up to your answer in
requirement 1 but rather show only the line “Cash and Cash Equivalents.” (Amounts to be
deducted should be indicated by a minus sign.)Gatti Corporation reported the following balances
at June 30.
Solution
1. Cash and cash equivalents = Cash + Cash equivalents + Petty cash + Restricted cash
= 15 + 20 + 25 + 20
= $80
2. Gatti Corporation
Balance Sheet
June 30Assets$Liabilities$Current assetsCurrent liabilitiesCash and cash equivalents80Notes
payable20Account receivable95Accounts payable105Total current assets175Unearned
revenue45Property, plant and equipmentTotal current liabilities170Equipment350Long term
liabilitiesLess: Accumulated depreciation-45Notes payable110Property, plant and equipment,
net305Total long term liabilities110Total liabilities280Stockholders EquityCommon
stock150Retained earnings50Total stockholders equity200Total assets480Total liabilities and
stockholders equity480.
Microscopes and telescopes both consist of two converging lenses cont.pdf
Microscopes and telescopes both consist of two converging lenses contained in a tube. What is
the difference in set-up of the two lenses between a microscope and a telescope? The rearview
mirror on a truck warns the user that objects may be closer than they appear. What kind of mirror
is being used, and why was that type selected? Why does a clear stream always appear to be
shallower than it actually is? Discuss the type of aberration involved in each of the following
situations. (i) The edges of the image appear reddish. (ii) The image cannot be clearly focused.
A baby fish has his eyesight tested and is found to be myopic. His father wants to make a set of
glasses to correct for this problem. Since fish live under water, the father fish will make the
glasses out of a very thin clear plastic bag which is filled with air (n = 1.000). What type of lens
does the fish need to make? What shape should the lens be? What is the wavelength of yellow
light?
Solution
In refracting telescopes, there are typically two convex lenses. One lens acts as the objective
lens: this lens gathers light from faraway objects and forms a real, inverted image of the object at
its focal point. A second lens, called the eyepiece, is positioned such that the image formed by
the objective lens is at its focal point. When an observer looks through the eyepiece with a
relaxed eye, they are able to see an object of the image, formed at infinity. Microscopes are used
to look at magnified images of small objects. A simple microscope (a “magnifying glass”)
consists of a single convex lens. The lens is held close to the object so that the object is between
the lens and its focal point. When viewed from the other side of the lens, a magnified, virtual,
upright image is seen. The compound microscope is the most common type of microscope used
in laboratories. With these microscopes, an objective lens is used to create an inverted, real
image of the object. Using the eyepiece, the image is magnified. In this sense, its operating
principles are similar to that of a refracting telescope. The rear view mirror is a convex mirror
which forms a virtual and erect image of the object which is smaller in length than the object.
Because the image formed is smaller in length, it appears to be farther away and hence, the
warning written on it. This is because of the phenomenon of refraction of light as it crosses the
medium of water(refractive index greater than that of air). As the light ray travels from
water(denser medium) to air(rarer medium), the light ray bends away from the normal and the
image of the bottom of the stream seems to be raised and hence, the stream appears to be
shallower. a) In optics, chromatic aberration (CA, also called chromatic distortion, and
spherochromatism) is an effect resulting from dispersion in which there is a failure of a lens to
focus all colors to the same convergence point. It occurs because lenses have different refractive
indices for differentwavelength.
Know the function of the following cytokines and create a table IL-.pdf
Know the function of the following cytokines and create a table: IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-
7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, TGF-alpha, and TGF-beta (the table
should include: the cell that synthesizes each cytokine, the function of each cytokine, the target
cell for each cytokine, and the action of each cytokines; need to be listed in table format).
Solution
Answer of Question
Cytokines
Source
Action on
function
IL1
including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells,and non-immune system cells such
as epithelial and endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, astrocytes, and some smooth muscle
cells.
diff erent cell types,
including T cells, B cells, monocytes, eosinophils and dendritic cells, as well as fi broblasts, liver
cells, vascular endothelial cells, and some cells of the nervous system.
eff ects of IL-1 include
induction of local infl ammation and systemic
eff ects such as fever, the acute
phase response, and stimulation of neutrophil production
IL-2
Activated T cells.
T and B cells; activates NK cells
Stimulates proliferation and diff erentiation of T and B cells; activates NK cells.
IL-4
T cells (particularly those of the TH2 subset),mast cells, basophils, and bone marrow stromal
cells.
T CELL,B CELL
Promote nave T cell diff erentiation to TH2 cells. Stimulates the growth and differentiation of B
cells. Induces class switching to IgE. Promotes allergic responses.
IL-5
T cells (particularly those of the TH2 subset), mast cells, eosinophils.
B cell,esinophils
Induces eosinophil formation and diff erentiation. Stimulates B cell growthand differentiation.
IL-6
Some T cells and B cells, several nonlymphoid
cells, including macrophages,
bone marrow stromal cells, fi broblasts, endothelial and muscle cells, adipocytes,
and astrocytes.
Bcell, T cell
Regulates B- and T-cell functions; in vivo
eff ects on hematopoiesis. Inducesinfl ammation and the acute phase response.
IL-7
Bone marrow and thymic stromal cells,
intestinal epithelial cells
T CELL, B cell
Growth factor for T- and B-cell
progenitors.
IL-10
I Activated subsets of CD4_ and CD8_T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
T CELL ,B CELL ,MAST CELL
Enhances proliferation of B cells, thymocytes, and mast cells; in cooperation with TGF-_,
stimulates IgA synthesis and secretion by human B cells.
Anti-infl ammatory; antagonizes generation of the TH1 subset of helper
T cells.
IL-12
Macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells.
T CELL ,NK CELL
Important factor in inducing diff erentiation
of TH1 subset of helper T cells; induces IFN-_ production by T cells and
NK cells and enhances NK and cytotoxic
T cell activity
IL-13
Activated T cells (particularly those of the TH2 subset), mast cells, and NK cells
T cell
Role in TH2 responses; up-regulates synthesis
of IgE and suppresses infl amatory responses. Involved in pathology of asthma and some allergic
conditions
INF alpha
Cells activated by viral and other microbial components: macrophages, dendritic cells.
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Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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- 1. Why do countries with high GNI and GDP are attractive for foreign investment? Solution Let us first understand what is a GNI and GDP The gross national income (GNI) is the total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country, consisting of gross domestic product (GDP) plus factor incomes earned by foreign residents, minus income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the broadest quantitative measure of a nation's total economic activity. More specifically, GDP represents the monetary value of all goods and services produced within a nation's geographic borders over a specified period of time. The gross domestic product (GDP) is one of the primary indicators used to gauge the health of a country's economy. It represents the total dollar value of all goods and services produced over a specific time period; you can think of it as the size of the economy. Usually, GDP is expressed as a comparison to the previous quarter or year. For example, if the year-to-year GDP is up 3%, this is thought to mean that the economy has grown by 3% over the last year. Measuring GDP is complicated (which is why we leave it to the economists), but at its most basic, the calculation can be done in one of two ways: either by adding up what everyone earned in a year (income approach), or by adding up what everyone spent (expenditure method). Logically, both measures should arrive at roughly the same total. Both the factors reflects the following ; and are most important in attracting foreign investments In other words ,it determine the health of the any given economy ,and therefore is an important yardstick to assess and measure and invest