The mausoleum of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in Karachi was constructed several years after his death in 1948 and opened in 1970. It is a prominent landmark located on a small hill in central Karachi. Designed by architect Yahya Merchant, the white marble structure has curved arches and copper grills and its interior features a crystal chandelier gifted by China. A large park surrounds the mausoleum, which can only be accessed by climbing steps and removing shoes to enter Jinnah's tomb below the marble tomb. Nearby are also the graves of five prominent Pakistani leaders from that time period.
Shah Jahan's contribution to Mughal architectureAbhiniti Garg
Shah Jahan was the 5th Mughal Emperor, born in 1592 and died in 1666 at age 74. He ruled during what is considered the Golden Age of the Mughal Empire, a time of great prosperity in Indian civilization. His full name was A’la Azad Abul Muzaffar Shahab ud-Din Mohammad Khurram.
The Lahore Fort is a citadel located in the city of Lahore, Pakistan that was originally constructed during the reign of Mughal emperor Akbar in the 16th century. It has since been upgraded and expanded by subsequent Mughal rulers. Some notable sites within the fort include the Sheesh Mahal palace with its mirror work, Moti Masjid mosque, and Alamgiri Gate, the main entrance built in 1673. The fort was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981 and demonstrates the rich architectural traditions of the Mughal Empire.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key Islamic terms and beliefs. It discusses the seven fundamental beliefs in Islam which include belief in Allah as the sole Creator and God, angels, prophets, revealed books, Qadar (divine decree), and the Day of Judgment. It also summarizes beliefs about Allah's attributes, prominent angels, prophets, revealed books, the importance of following Prophet Muhammad's example, and why belief in the afterlife and accountability is rational and important for guiding conduct in life.
This document discusses the concept of Jihad in Islam. It begins by covering Islamic beliefs and then defines Jihad as meaning struggle or effort for excellence, which can take three forms: struggling against one's own evil desires; struggling against evil in society; and struggling in battle for self-defense or to end oppression. It notes that valid reasons for military Jihad include self-defense, resisting occupation, and protecting religious freedom, but that Jihad does not mean forcing religion on others or fighting for personal power or wealth. The document outlines Islamic rules of warfare, such as offering peace first, protecting non-combatants, avoiding destruction, and just treatment of prisoners. It stresses that Jihad should not be connected to terrorism.
1. Several Islamic revivalist movements emerged in South Asia between the 17th-19th centuries in response to perceived religious deviations, including those led by Shaikh Ahmed Sarhindi, Shah Waliullah, Sayed Ahmed Shaheed, and Haji Shareeatullah.
2. Mughal emperor Akbar's religious reforms, which included bans on cow slaughter and practices like ghusl, as well as the introduction of a new religion "Deen-e-Illahi", faced a strong reaction from Shaikh Ahmed Sirhindi who saw these as non-Islamic beliefs and sought to purify Islam and promote a separate Muslim identity.
3. Sirhindi is considered a major figure
Colonial mentality may be impeding Pakistan's progress by causing citizens to devalue their own culture and adopt foreign ways. The essay outlines how colonial mentality leads Pakistanis to prefer English language and education, foreign legal and political systems, Western food and clothing, and prioritize other cultures over their own rich history. This colonial mentality has adverse impacts including lack of development and innovation, poor education and justice systems, and an inferiority complex. The essay argues revamping education, promoting Pakistani culture and history, and reforming legal and economic systems could help overcome colonial mentality.
The mausoleum of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in Karachi was constructed several years after his death in 1948 and opened in 1970. It is a prominent landmark located on a small hill in central Karachi. Designed by architect Yahya Merchant, the white marble structure has curved arches and copper grills and its interior features a crystal chandelier gifted by China. A large park surrounds the mausoleum, which can only be accessed by climbing steps and removing shoes to enter Jinnah's tomb below the marble tomb. Nearby are also the graves of five prominent Pakistani leaders from that time period.
Shah Jahan's contribution to Mughal architectureAbhiniti Garg
Shah Jahan was the 5th Mughal Emperor, born in 1592 and died in 1666 at age 74. He ruled during what is considered the Golden Age of the Mughal Empire, a time of great prosperity in Indian civilization. His full name was A’la Azad Abul Muzaffar Shahab ud-Din Mohammad Khurram.
The Lahore Fort is a citadel located in the city of Lahore, Pakistan that was originally constructed during the reign of Mughal emperor Akbar in the 16th century. It has since been upgraded and expanded by subsequent Mughal rulers. Some notable sites within the fort include the Sheesh Mahal palace with its mirror work, Moti Masjid mosque, and Alamgiri Gate, the main entrance built in 1673. The fort was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981 and demonstrates the rich architectural traditions of the Mughal Empire.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key Islamic terms and beliefs. It discusses the seven fundamental beliefs in Islam which include belief in Allah as the sole Creator and God, angels, prophets, revealed books, Qadar (divine decree), and the Day of Judgment. It also summarizes beliefs about Allah's attributes, prominent angels, prophets, revealed books, the importance of following Prophet Muhammad's example, and why belief in the afterlife and accountability is rational and important for guiding conduct in life.
This document discusses the concept of Jihad in Islam. It begins by covering Islamic beliefs and then defines Jihad as meaning struggle or effort for excellence, which can take three forms: struggling against one's own evil desires; struggling against evil in society; and struggling in battle for self-defense or to end oppression. It notes that valid reasons for military Jihad include self-defense, resisting occupation, and protecting religious freedom, but that Jihad does not mean forcing religion on others or fighting for personal power or wealth. The document outlines Islamic rules of warfare, such as offering peace first, protecting non-combatants, avoiding destruction, and just treatment of prisoners. It stresses that Jihad should not be connected to terrorism.
1. Several Islamic revivalist movements emerged in South Asia between the 17th-19th centuries in response to perceived religious deviations, including those led by Shaikh Ahmed Sarhindi, Shah Waliullah, Sayed Ahmed Shaheed, and Haji Shareeatullah.
2. Mughal emperor Akbar's religious reforms, which included bans on cow slaughter and practices like ghusl, as well as the introduction of a new religion "Deen-e-Illahi", faced a strong reaction from Shaikh Ahmed Sirhindi who saw these as non-Islamic beliefs and sought to purify Islam and promote a separate Muslim identity.
3. Sirhindi is considered a major figure
Colonial mentality may be impeding Pakistan's progress by causing citizens to devalue their own culture and adopt foreign ways. The essay outlines how colonial mentality leads Pakistanis to prefer English language and education, foreign legal and political systems, Western food and clothing, and prioritize other cultures over their own rich history. This colonial mentality has adverse impacts including lack of development and innovation, poor education and justice systems, and an inferiority complex. The essay argues revamping education, promoting Pakistani culture and history, and reforming legal and economic systems could help overcome colonial mentality.
The document summarizes the status of women in ancient Arab society prior to Islam. It describes how Arab society was divided between urban and tribal Bedouin communities. Within the patriarchal tribal system, women had limited rights and roles. They could not make independent decisions, participate in religious activities, or inherit property. Female infanticide was common out of fears of poverty or disgrace. Marriage was a flexible institution that sometimes involved capture or purchase of wives. Divorce entitled the husband to keep the dowry. For survival, women engaged in professions like prostitution or trading, which was considered more noble.
New Edited and updated slides.
Ruku by Ruku pointers.
Flow charts and action pointers added.
Self Evaluation chart added
Virtues and duas and much more!
1) The document defines ideology as a set of political or socio-economic beliefs that form the basis for actions and policies.
2) It explains that the ideology of Pakistan emerged from Islamic ideology and was based on the two-nation theory, which held that Hindus and Muslims are distinct nations that could not coexist in one state.
3) The two-nation theory supported the concept of an independent Muslim state, which became the ideology driving the Pakistan movement for independence.
The document summarizes the Pakistan Lawyers' Movement from 2007-2009 that protested the removal of the Chief Justice by Pervez Musharraf. It began with the deposition of the CJ in 2007 and culminated in his restoration in 2009 after two years of continuous peaceful protests by lawyers. The movement successfully framed the issue as one of judicial independence and the rule of law. It utilized lawyers' associations, mass media, and leadership from opposition political parties to expand its scope and gain widespread public support. The movement demonstrated how a single legal issue can develop into a larger social movement through strategic communication and discourse.
Islami Jamiat Talaba Pakistan, the largest and countrywide students's organization working for the betterment of educational system and student's welfare from December 1947
The document provides an overview of pre-Islamic Arabia and the early history and spread of Islam. It describes the nomadic lifestyle in pre-Islamic Arabia and the rise of Mecca and Medina as trading centers. It then summarizes Muhammad's life and the key events in the founding of Islam, including the Hijra and establishment of the Umma. Finally, it outlines the expansion of the Islamic empire under the early caliphs and the establishment of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties.
The Lahore Fort has a history spanning over 3,000 years. While much of its early history is unknown, it is believed the first fort on the site was built in the early 11th century. The existing fort structure was built during the reign of Mughal emperor Akbar from 1566-1605. It contains palaces and halls built by successive Mughal emperors, including the ornate Shish Mahal known for its glasswork and mirrors. The fort was expanded and renovated under later Mughal rulers as well as the Sikh Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and underwent modifications during British rule when buildings were converted for military use.
The document discusses several key points about Allah (God):
1) Allah is the creator of the entire universe and is unlike any other being.
2) Allah has many divine attributes including being eternal, the sole creator, and knowing all things.
3) Belief in Allah's oneness requires affirming His uniqueness in essence, attributes, and right to be worshipped.
4) Scientists and scholars provide rational arguments and evidence from nature that point to the existence of a supreme creator, namely Allah.
An essay on Hazrat Muhammad Mustafaa s.a.wAli Shah
This document provides biographical details about the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It discusses that he was born in Mecca in 571 AD and was orphaned at a young age. He was known for his honesty and integrity, earning the titles of "truthful" and "honest." He married Khadijah when he was 25 and she proved to be a faithful wife. At age 40, Muhammad received the first revelation from God and began preaching Islam, teaching people to worship one God and abandon idolatry and other bad practices. Though he faced opposition, Islam eventually spread throughout Arabia. Muhammad passed away at age 63 in Medina and left behind a legacy of teachings that guide Muslims to this day
Al Quran (Chapter 111): Surah Al-Lahab [The Flame] / Al-Masad [The Palm Fiber]Dr Jameel G Jargar
1. Highlights: a) Main Topics, b) Listening: Recitation &
Translation, c) Elucidation
2. Structure: a) Meaning b) Statistics c) Reading
3. Message: Introduces the Central Theme of the Surah
4. References: Internet Sources
5. Quiz: Test the Knowledge About the Surah
Thank you.
The Jahangir Tomb is a 17th century mausoleum located in Lahore, Pakistan built to honor Emperor Jahangir, who ruled the Mughal Empire from 1605 to 1627 CE. The tomb was constructed in 1637 in a Mughal-Persian style and features an ornately decorated interior and exterior, with frescoes, marble motifs, and four projecting minarets. It is situated within a vast Char Bagh garden divided into squares by pathways and water channels, reflecting the Islamic concept of paradise.
This document discusses the virtues and meanings of Surat Al-Nass. It states that Surat Al-Nass was revealed alongside Surat Al-Falaq and relates to seeking protection from things within ourselves that we are responsible for, while Surat Al-Falaq relates to seeking protection from external threats. It then explains each line of Surat Al-Nass, noting that it refers to seeking protection from the evil whisperer (Shaitan) and from the negative influences of both jinn and people. The document emphasizes humility before Allah and acknowledging Him as our true Master and God.
Akbar the Great was the third emperor of the Mughal Dynasty who reigned from 1556 to 1605. He made significant contributions to architecture, including building the Agra Fort and the city of Fatehpur Sikri. Some of the notable structures from Fatehpur Sikri included the Diwan-i-Khas, Diwan-i-Am, Panch Mahal, and Jami Masjid mosque. Akbar promoted religious tolerance and founded a new syncretic religion called the Din-i-Ilahi. He spoke many languages and built the Mughal Empire into one of the largest and most powerful empires in the world during his reign.
This document discusses Muslim historiography and the sources used by early Muslim historians. It explains that historiography is the study of how historians have studied and written about history using sources and methodologies. Early Muslim historians compiled many works documenting history using sources like battle narratives, poetry, and texts from other religious traditions. Over time, the methodology of isnad (chain of transmission) was introduced to authenticate reports and distinguish false information. This led to more critical historical works. A variety of pre-Islamic sources provided information to early historians about Arabian culture and events before Islam.
Prithviraj Chauhan built Qila Rai Pithora in the 12th century as the capital, extending the original fort city of Lal Kot built by the Tomar Rajputs. The ruins of Qila Rai Pithora's ramparts can still be seen near Qutub Minar and Mehrauli. Alauddin Khilji of the Khilji dynasty established the fort city of Siri and had the Hauz Khas madrasa constructed, showing West Asian influences. In 1330, Ghias-ud-din Tughlaq founded the Tughlaq dynasty and built the fortified city of Tughlakabad to defend against Mongol invaders
Current Situation of Tourism Industry in Pakistan. Heavenly places to visit in Pakistan, Types of Tourism, Role of Tourism Industry in Economic Sector of Pakistan and Causes of Decline of Tourism Industry in Pakistan.
The document discusses the spread of Islam from the 7th century onwards from the Arabian peninsula to three continents within half a century. It notes that Islam spread primarily through religious appeal and conversion rather than by force, except in Arabia where some tribes were warred against for not accepting Islam. It then discusses various Muslim invasions and rulers in India from the 11th century onward, including the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire. It also briefly mentions the political aspects of Islam derived from the Quran and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
The document summarizes the status of women in ancient Arab society prior to Islam. It describes how Arab society was divided between urban and tribal Bedouin communities. Within the patriarchal tribal system, women had limited rights and roles. They could not make independent decisions, participate in religious activities, or inherit property. Female infanticide was common out of fears of poverty or disgrace. Marriage was a flexible institution that sometimes involved capture or purchase of wives. Divorce entitled the husband to keep the dowry. For survival, women engaged in professions like prostitution or trading, which was considered more noble.
New Edited and updated slides.
Ruku by Ruku pointers.
Flow charts and action pointers added.
Self Evaluation chart added
Virtues and duas and much more!
1) The document defines ideology as a set of political or socio-economic beliefs that form the basis for actions and policies.
2) It explains that the ideology of Pakistan emerged from Islamic ideology and was based on the two-nation theory, which held that Hindus and Muslims are distinct nations that could not coexist in one state.
3) The two-nation theory supported the concept of an independent Muslim state, which became the ideology driving the Pakistan movement for independence.
The document summarizes the Pakistan Lawyers' Movement from 2007-2009 that protested the removal of the Chief Justice by Pervez Musharraf. It began with the deposition of the CJ in 2007 and culminated in his restoration in 2009 after two years of continuous peaceful protests by lawyers. The movement successfully framed the issue as one of judicial independence and the rule of law. It utilized lawyers' associations, mass media, and leadership from opposition political parties to expand its scope and gain widespread public support. The movement demonstrated how a single legal issue can develop into a larger social movement through strategic communication and discourse.
Islami Jamiat Talaba Pakistan, the largest and countrywide students's organization working for the betterment of educational system and student's welfare from December 1947
The document provides an overview of pre-Islamic Arabia and the early history and spread of Islam. It describes the nomadic lifestyle in pre-Islamic Arabia and the rise of Mecca and Medina as trading centers. It then summarizes Muhammad's life and the key events in the founding of Islam, including the Hijra and establishment of the Umma. Finally, it outlines the expansion of the Islamic empire under the early caliphs and the establishment of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties.
The Lahore Fort has a history spanning over 3,000 years. While much of its early history is unknown, it is believed the first fort on the site was built in the early 11th century. The existing fort structure was built during the reign of Mughal emperor Akbar from 1566-1605. It contains palaces and halls built by successive Mughal emperors, including the ornate Shish Mahal known for its glasswork and mirrors. The fort was expanded and renovated under later Mughal rulers as well as the Sikh Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and underwent modifications during British rule when buildings were converted for military use.
The document discusses several key points about Allah (God):
1) Allah is the creator of the entire universe and is unlike any other being.
2) Allah has many divine attributes including being eternal, the sole creator, and knowing all things.
3) Belief in Allah's oneness requires affirming His uniqueness in essence, attributes, and right to be worshipped.
4) Scientists and scholars provide rational arguments and evidence from nature that point to the existence of a supreme creator, namely Allah.
An essay on Hazrat Muhammad Mustafaa s.a.wAli Shah
This document provides biographical details about the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It discusses that he was born in Mecca in 571 AD and was orphaned at a young age. He was known for his honesty and integrity, earning the titles of "truthful" and "honest." He married Khadijah when he was 25 and she proved to be a faithful wife. At age 40, Muhammad received the first revelation from God and began preaching Islam, teaching people to worship one God and abandon idolatry and other bad practices. Though he faced opposition, Islam eventually spread throughout Arabia. Muhammad passed away at age 63 in Medina and left behind a legacy of teachings that guide Muslims to this day
Al Quran (Chapter 111): Surah Al-Lahab [The Flame] / Al-Masad [The Palm Fiber]Dr Jameel G Jargar
1. Highlights: a) Main Topics, b) Listening: Recitation &
Translation, c) Elucidation
2. Structure: a) Meaning b) Statistics c) Reading
3. Message: Introduces the Central Theme of the Surah
4. References: Internet Sources
5. Quiz: Test the Knowledge About the Surah
Thank you.
The Jahangir Tomb is a 17th century mausoleum located in Lahore, Pakistan built to honor Emperor Jahangir, who ruled the Mughal Empire from 1605 to 1627 CE. The tomb was constructed in 1637 in a Mughal-Persian style and features an ornately decorated interior and exterior, with frescoes, marble motifs, and four projecting minarets. It is situated within a vast Char Bagh garden divided into squares by pathways and water channels, reflecting the Islamic concept of paradise.
This document discusses the virtues and meanings of Surat Al-Nass. It states that Surat Al-Nass was revealed alongside Surat Al-Falaq and relates to seeking protection from things within ourselves that we are responsible for, while Surat Al-Falaq relates to seeking protection from external threats. It then explains each line of Surat Al-Nass, noting that it refers to seeking protection from the evil whisperer (Shaitan) and from the negative influences of both jinn and people. The document emphasizes humility before Allah and acknowledging Him as our true Master and God.
Akbar the Great was the third emperor of the Mughal Dynasty who reigned from 1556 to 1605. He made significant contributions to architecture, including building the Agra Fort and the city of Fatehpur Sikri. Some of the notable structures from Fatehpur Sikri included the Diwan-i-Khas, Diwan-i-Am, Panch Mahal, and Jami Masjid mosque. Akbar promoted religious tolerance and founded a new syncretic religion called the Din-i-Ilahi. He spoke many languages and built the Mughal Empire into one of the largest and most powerful empires in the world during his reign.
This document discusses Muslim historiography and the sources used by early Muslim historians. It explains that historiography is the study of how historians have studied and written about history using sources and methodologies. Early Muslim historians compiled many works documenting history using sources like battle narratives, poetry, and texts from other religious traditions. Over time, the methodology of isnad (chain of transmission) was introduced to authenticate reports and distinguish false information. This led to more critical historical works. A variety of pre-Islamic sources provided information to early historians about Arabian culture and events before Islam.
Prithviraj Chauhan built Qila Rai Pithora in the 12th century as the capital, extending the original fort city of Lal Kot built by the Tomar Rajputs. The ruins of Qila Rai Pithora's ramparts can still be seen near Qutub Minar and Mehrauli. Alauddin Khilji of the Khilji dynasty established the fort city of Siri and had the Hauz Khas madrasa constructed, showing West Asian influences. In 1330, Ghias-ud-din Tughlaq founded the Tughlaq dynasty and built the fortified city of Tughlakabad to defend against Mongol invaders
Current Situation of Tourism Industry in Pakistan. Heavenly places to visit in Pakistan, Types of Tourism, Role of Tourism Industry in Economic Sector of Pakistan and Causes of Decline of Tourism Industry in Pakistan.
The document discusses the spread of Islam from the 7th century onwards from the Arabian peninsula to three continents within half a century. It notes that Islam spread primarily through religious appeal and conversion rather than by force, except in Arabia where some tribes were warred against for not accepting Islam. It then discusses various Muslim invasions and rulers in India from the 11th century onward, including the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire. It also briefly mentions the political aspects of Islam derived from the Quran and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
2. Agenda
● Motivation: Why this Topic
● Rationality is Important
● Existence of Creator
● Need of Message
● Conclusion
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 2
3. Why this Topic?
● When we buy something we investigate and
exhaust our minds
● When it comes to religion, is it also not
important to investigate: why this religion?
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 3
4. Allah Says in Quran
(1/3)
● “And verily guess is no substitute for the truth.” [An-Najm:28]
● “They have no (certain) knowledge. They follow nothing but conjecture. For surely;
they killed him not (‘Isa).” [An-Nisa:157]
● "These are nothing but names which you have devised, you and your fathers, for
which Allah has sent down no authority. They follow nothing but conjecture and
what their Nafs desire. Even though there has already come to them the Guidance
from their Rabb" [An-Najm:23]
● "Do you have Ilm (knowledge) for that which you claim so that you provide us
with? You follow nothing but conjecture (Zann)." [Al-'An`am:148]
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 4
5. Allah Says in Quran
(2/3)
● "Behold! In the creation of the heavens and the earth and the
alteration of night and day, these are indeed signs for men of
understanding." [Al-Imran: 190]
● "Will they not look at the camels, how they are created! And
the heaven, how it is raised! And the mountains, how they are
set up! And the earth, how it is spread!" [Al-Ghashiya: 17-20]
● "So let man reflect, from what he is created. He is created
from a gushing fluid, that is issued from between the loins and
ribs." [At-Tariq: 5-7]
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 5
6. Allah Says in Quran
(3/3)
● "Were they created of nothing, or were they themselves the creators? Or did they
create the heavens and the earth? Nay they have not firm belief." [At-Tur 35-36]
● “Behold! in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the difference of night and
day, and the ships which run upon the sea with that which is of use to men, and the
water which Allah sends down from the sky, thereby reviving the earth after its
death, and dispersing all kinds of beasts therein, and in the ordinance of the winds,
and the clouds obedient between heaven and earth are signs (of Allah's
sovereignty) for people who have sense." [Al-Baqarah: 164]
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 6
7. Motivation
● Why are we Muslims?
– Some say, because I was raised in a Muslim family
– Some say, because I was raised in a Muslim majority
land
– Some say, I entered into Islam by my choice
– Etc.,
● What shall be the right approach?
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 7
8. Human (1/2)
● Human is a composition of
– Mind → Brain
– Emotion → Heart
– Nature → Biological organization
● Worship/Spiritual
● Procreation
● Survival
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 8
9. Human (2/2)
● We have five senses
–
● And
– Intellect
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 9
10. Rationality
● Thinking drives behavior
● Behaviors can change when thinking changes
– When we hate something our behavior changes according to
emotion of hate
– When we like something our behavior changes according to
emotion of likeness
● Examples
– A person born in Israeli family & Palestinian family
– A person born in Pakistan and a person born in India (even an
inch inside)
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 10
11. How Do We Revive (Progress)?
● Human revives based on thinking Through
about simple reality around them, – Technology (No)
such as
– Earning Money (No)
– Life
– Installing right thinking
– Humans
– Universe
Surely, Allah does not change the condition of a
people unless they change what is in them
(nafoos) [Ar’Raad:11]
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 11
12. A Natural Question (1/2)
● What was before these (i.e., before birth), what will be after
these (i.e., after death/decay)?
– Life
– Humans (including ourselves, parents, etc.)
– Universe
● Our behavior depends upon the answer against the above
question
– An answer would define a fundamental thought about everything
→ rest of thoughts would depend on the fundamental thought
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 12
13. A Natural Question (2/2)
● The answer cannot satisfy a human until it
satisfies
– Mind
– Heart
– Nature (Fitra)
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 13
14. Two Possible Answers
● No Creator
● There is a Creator before everything else (i.e.,
human, universe, and life) and will remain
afterwards
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 14
15. Refuting First Answer (No Creator)
(1/3)
● If we look around to ourselves
– Everything is limited
● Human has size, age, height, etc., → limited
● Other life has similar issues → limited
● Universe contains Earth
– Earth has size, mass, age → limited
– Rest of universe has size itself minus Earth’s size → limited
– Humans can extend vision
● Using telescope (limited object) but extension would stay limited → two
limited things may extend but can’t become limitless
– Limited objects → must have come to existence (because limits are
defined on them) → existence requires creation → requires Creator
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 15
16. Refuting First Answer (No Creator)
(2/3)
● The world depends for its existence on something else, which in
turn depends on still another thing
– Human depends upon organic needs e.g., food
– Planets and animals depends on food chains too
– The water cycle depends on sun
– Big bang depended upon what science may call nothingness
– Etc.,
● Ultimately, there must be something that must be independent and
unlimited in the end otherwise cycle is not going to stop
– It is impossible to say that cycle never stops → that makes it limitless →
pointing to an unlimited entity→ different from rest of creations → Creator
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 16
17. Refuting First Answer (No Creator)
(3/3)
● Let’s consider,
– If everything evolved from expansion (i.e., universe) and
living beings evolved from dead gases, then why can’t
science produce a living creation out of dead gases now
– Dead human can’t come to life:
● Why can’t we evolve his/her life back, what is missing → if claim of
no Creator is true and world just evolved
– Then science should be able to produce life out of dead
– Reality is → science can’t even produce the most basic life form; an amoeba,
which is a single-cell organism → medical students pay attention :)
● Hence, argument of no Creator is refuted
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 17
18. Hence, Creator
● So we can safely say there exists a Creator by
using simple rationality to refute position that
Creator does not exist
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 18
19. Western Ideas Pushing Science in
Wrong Direction (1/2)
● What is infinite?
– Can we say finite is very very large number?
● Infinite – x > answer (where x is a positive number)
– Infinite > infinite (flawed)
– Can we say finite is very very small number?
● What is limitless?
● Can there be Infinite Set?
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 19
20. Western Ideas Pushing Science in
Wrong Direction (2/2)
● Set
– A set in mathematics is a collection of well defined
and distinct objects, considered as an object in its
own right
● Infinite Set
– In set theory, an infinite set is a set that is not a
finite set. Infinite sets may be countable or
uncountable
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 20
21. Science & Myths
● Cause and effect?
– Existence of universe is cause, whats the effect?
● Difference between Theory and Law
– Theory cannot be treated equal to law
● Experiments shall be re-do able to prove
conclusion
– Very important aspect
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 21
22. Examples
● Ibrahim AS belief on Allah
– Could be explained through proof by contradiction
● Imam Abu Hanifa was once asked by an atheist,
– "Is there any proof that God exists?" he replied, "Forget it! At the moment, I am busy
thinking about this ship. People tell me there is a big ship; it contains different goods on
board. There is no one to steer it, no one maintaining it. Yet, this ship keeps going back and
forth; it even traverses big waves on the oceans; it stops at the locations that it is supposed
to stop at; it continues in the direction that it is supposed to head. This ship has no captain
and no one planning its trips." The atheist who posed the question interrupted and
exclaimed, "What kind of strange and silly thought is this? How can any intelligent person
think that some thing like this can occur?"
– Imam Abu Hanifa said, "I feel sorry about your state! You cannot imagine one ship running
without some one looking after its affairs. Yet you think that for this whole world, which runs
exactly and precisely, there is no one who looks after it, and no one owns it."
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 22
23. Concept of Creator
● Three alternate explanations of a Creator
– He is created by someone else, or
● Becoming limited → creation only (then, not a Creator)
– He is the Creator of himself, or
● Can’t be Creator & creation (limited) together
– If universe was created by another universe then cycle must terminate otherwise
that becomes non-sense → for the termination of cycle we require eternal and self-
sustaining entity
– He is eternal, self-sustaining
● Always existed, so was never created, hence not a creation but a Creator
→ limitless
● Therefore, Creator can’t be limited inside objects such as idols, moon,
sun, fire → all such objects are limited
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 23
24. Saying about Nature
● Imam Shaa'fi said,
– "The leaves of Toot (berries) are all but one. Each
leaf tastes exactly the same. Insects, honey bees,
cows, goats, and deer live off of it. After eating these
the insects produce silk; bees produce honey; deer
give musk (a special kind of scent), cows and goats
deliver off-springs. Is this not clear evidence that one
kind of leaf has so many qualities, and who created
these qualities? It is the Khaliq (Creator) who we call
Allah (swt)) Who is the Inventor and the Creator."
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 24
25. Exercise/Test for Audience
● What is the weight & density of Creator?
● Everything is Science so why we need
concept of Creator?
– Principles are being followed
● Is Time limited?
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 25
26. Creator, What Next? (1/2)
● We are limited
– We cannot measure or comprehend limitless object which
is beyond our senses and mental faculty
● Mind is limited
– But we can sense existence through His other creations
– So, we can sense presence of Creator through emotion and
mind
● Only emotion can lead us astray → can commit a shirk
● Thinking from mind corrects the trigger from emotion
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 26
27. Creator, What Next? (2/2)
● Since we can’t comprehend Creator even
though we can prove His existence
– We cannot know more about Him until He
communicates with us
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 27
28. Communication Possibilities
●
Talks with all of us directly
– Don’t see it happening, ruled out
●
Sends someone to talk with us (Messenger)
– If Messenger dies than what about rest of people?
● Sends a written material (Book)
– How will we know about the book?
●
Sends someone to talk with us along with written material
(Messenger & Book)
– Messenger would be reachable and understandable
– Book would preserve commands when Messenger is no more with us
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 28
29. Look for Messenger/Book
● We can only find limited number of popular
claims for messenger-ship and Book from
Creator
– Popular is important because Creator’s message
cannot be unpopular since it is for everyone
– We don’t observe an all time living messenger
– We don’t see an independent Book either
● Only possibility remains Messenger along with
Book
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 29
30. Messenger
● Messenger must be from humans so humans
can learn
● We found Muhammad SAW with Book
– Without inconsistencies in the Book (unlike Bible)
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 30
31. Proof of Quran
● The only possible sources for the Qur’an are:
– The Arabs
– Muhammad (SAW) himself
– Non Arabs
– Allah (SWT)
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 31
32. Not from Arab
● Arabs were given challenge and they could
not counter it
– "Say, bring ten surahs like unto it." [Hud: 13]
– "Say, bring one surah like unto it." [Yunus: 38]
● Shortest chapter is Al-Kawthar
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 32
33. Not from Muhammad SAW
● He was also an Arab, and if Arabs can’t produce it then Muhammad
SAW can not produce it too
– He was part of same community and learned from similar environment, if
Muhammad produced it then others can also produce similar book
– Even if we observe speech of Muhammad SAW in saheeh ahadith we find
a different style of speech than what is of Quran
– At times, he SAW said verse of Quran and hadith on same occasion (but in
different style of speech) → linguists are welcome to verify this :)
● Even the Arabs never said it was from Muhammad SAW because
they knew it can’t be him
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 33
34. Not from Non-Arab
● Arabs said it’s from from a Christian youth
called Jabr
● Quran itself refuted it beautifully
– "We know indeed that they say it is a man that
taught him. The tongue of him they wickedly point
to is notably foreign, while this is Arabic, pure and
clear." [An-Nahl: 103]
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 34
35. It is from Creator (1/2)
● Since other possibilities are ruled out then it must be from Allah
● Important points
– Unchanged book from many years
– Giving us knowledge that is only getting uncovered now such as
science (you can find works of scholars on this)
– Giving us complete way of life (not incomplete command)
● Commands on marriage, eatables, economics, politics, war, etc.
– Poetic in nature (even introduced poetic style that begins with single
alphabet such as Noon)
● Arabs used to produce poetry by taking a break in dessert
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 35
36. It is from Creator (2/2)
● Noon walqalami wama
yasturoon ن والقلم وما يسطرون
Ma anta biniAAmati rabbika ٍ ُْجَ ْجَ ْجَ مِ مِ ُنْ ْجَ مِ ْجَ كِّ ْجَ مِ ْجَ ُنْ نو
ما أتنت بنعمة ربك بمجننون
bimajnoon [Al-Qalam: 1-2]
● Do they not ponder about the Qur’an? If it had come from
other than God they would surely have found therein much
contradictions. [An-Nisa: 82]
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 36
37. Why Muhammad (SAW) is
Messenger
● Since he SAW proclaimed the book proven to
be from Creator
– So rationally the person who brings book from
Creator would be messenger
– Furthermore, Quran states Muhammad SAW as
messenger
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 37
38. Now What?
● Since we proved
– Creator is Allah
– Muhammad is Messenger
– Book is Quran
● Now we need to follow what Quran says and
what Messenger told and showed
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 38
39. Exercise/Test for Audience
● How can we prove existence of Angels?
● What Ahkam (orders) can we explain using
rationality?
– Can we explain why Pork is Haram rationally?
– Yes or No, in both cases why?
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 39
40. Conclusion
● Our belief in Allah, Messenger and Book is
rational
● We follow what Book Messenger say even if
our mind can’t comprehend because we
rationally proved we are limited and we can’t
comprehend every detail by our-self
● Our belief is totally rational and we rationally
inferred that whatever Quran Messenger say
is true by proving both to be from Creator
26, Nov., 2012 NUIG 40