This document discusses reducing the global rate of low birth weight by 30% by 2025. It provides background on low birth weight, noting that 15-20% of births worldwide have low birth weight. Interventions discussed include improving maternal nutrition, treating conditions like preeclampsia, and increasing access to quality healthcare. Cost-effective community interventions are also presented, such as nutrition programs, smoking cessation support, and improved antenatal care. The document emphasizes the need for a comprehensive, evidence-based global strategy to address the multifactorial causes of low birth weight.
The U.S. Government’s Global Health Initiativejehill3
The document summarizes the US Global Health Initiative (GHI), which aims to invest $63 billion over six years to strengthen health systems and improve health outcomes in partner countries, with a focus on women, newborns and children. The GHI will work through coordination, integration, country ownership and health systems strengthening. It establishes targets to reduce mortality and prevalence of diseases like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and malnutrition by 2015. The GHI operational plan includes assessing country health plans, focusing US investments, and designating some countries for additional technical and financial support.
Series452 www.thelancet.com Vol 382 August 3, 2013.docxbagotjesusa
The document summarizes evidence for interventions to improve maternal and child nutrition. It finds that scaling up access to 10 core nutrition interventions in 34 high-burden countries could reduce deaths in children under 5 by 15% (1 million lives saved) and stunting by 20.3%. Key interventions include management of acute malnutrition, breastfeeding promotion, and micronutrient supplementation. Achieving 90% coverage of the interventions would cost an additional $9.6 billion annually but could significantly reduce undernutrition and mortality. Continued investments in direct nutrition interventions and delivery strategies that engage vulnerable communities are needed.
This document provides an executive summary of the 2018 Global Nutrition Report. It finds that while malnutrition is a global issue and progress has been slow, opportunities now exist to address it through commitments like the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition and the Sustainable Development Goals. The burden of malnutrition remains high in multiple forms among children and adults worldwide. However, countries are increasingly establishing policies and targets to tackle malnutrition, though financing remains a challenge to deliver on these commitments. Data and understanding of effective solutions are improving but must be translated into urgent, comprehensive action to achieve nutrition goals.
1) A team of international nutrition experts reviewed evidence and estimated the impact and cost of scaling up 10 proven nutrition interventions to reach 90% of at-risk populations. This could save 900,000 lives in high-burden countries and reduce stunting in children by 33 million.
2) The total additional annual cost of achieving 90% coverage with these interventions is estimated to be $9.6 billion.
3) While nutrition-specific interventions can reduce stunting by 20%, nutrition-sensitive programs that address the underlying causes of undernutrition, like food security and women's empowerment, are also needed. These programs have potential to deliver nutrition interventions at large scale.
Breastfeeding in low-resource settings: Nota a “small matter”
The evidence is clear – breastfeeding has positive health effects both for mother and child. In an editorial published in PLOS Medicine Professor Lars Åke Persson summarises some of the most striking reasons for babies to be breast-fed within the first hour, exclusively within the first six months and continued during the second year of life. Health benefits include lower morbidity and mortality rates, as well as better neuro-cognitive functions. For mothers who breastfeed reduced risk of cancer is cited. Why then is breastfeeding not the social norm around the world? Professor Persson explains that an enabling environment, at societal level, within the health system, at the workplace and in families, is necessary for more babies to be breastfed.
This review paper examines evidence on dietary and other factors that influence weight gain and obesity at the population level. It finds convincing evidence that regular physical activity and high fiber intake protect against obesity, while sedentary lifestyles and consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods increase obesity risk. It recommends a range of strategies to address obesity, including making healthy foods more available, limiting marketing of unhealthy foods to children, promoting active transportation, and improving health services and messaging around nutrition and physical activity. Comprehensive programs are needed to reverse obesity epidemic trends affecting both rich and poor countries.
This document proposes solutions to reduce malnutrition globally. It states that malnutrition affects billions and contributes to millions of child deaths daily from lack of essential nutrients. It recommends providing affordable vitamin/mineral supplements to vulnerable people and encouraging communities to improve food production/consumption. The proposed solutions aim to integrate health services, ensure quality care, alleviate cost barriers, and receive funding from eliminating user fees and establishing cash transfer systems. However, challenges include lack of political will due to funding issues, lack of awareness, and orthodox societies.
Nutrition element portfolio review usaid_ Roshelle Payes & Rebecca Egan_10.14.11CORE Group
The document discusses USAID's nutrition approach, outlining its principles, components, target areas, and role of operating units. It provides context on the global burden of undernutrition and its causes. It then describes the recent shift in global and USAID nutrition strategies from vertical to integrated approaches, from under-fives targeting to the 1000-day window, from nutrient-specific to diet quality measures, from recuperative to preventive focus, and from health platforms to multi-sectoral delivery. It poses questions about reaching the 30% undernutrition reduction goal and delivering comprehensive nutrition interventions at scale through integrated frameworks.
The U.S. Government’s Global Health Initiativejehill3
The document summarizes the US Global Health Initiative (GHI), which aims to invest $63 billion over six years to strengthen health systems and improve health outcomes in partner countries, with a focus on women, newborns and children. The GHI will work through coordination, integration, country ownership and health systems strengthening. It establishes targets to reduce mortality and prevalence of diseases like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and malnutrition by 2015. The GHI operational plan includes assessing country health plans, focusing US investments, and designating some countries for additional technical and financial support.
Series452 www.thelancet.com Vol 382 August 3, 2013.docxbagotjesusa
The document summarizes evidence for interventions to improve maternal and child nutrition. It finds that scaling up access to 10 core nutrition interventions in 34 high-burden countries could reduce deaths in children under 5 by 15% (1 million lives saved) and stunting by 20.3%. Key interventions include management of acute malnutrition, breastfeeding promotion, and micronutrient supplementation. Achieving 90% coverage of the interventions would cost an additional $9.6 billion annually but could significantly reduce undernutrition and mortality. Continued investments in direct nutrition interventions and delivery strategies that engage vulnerable communities are needed.
This document provides an executive summary of the 2018 Global Nutrition Report. It finds that while malnutrition is a global issue and progress has been slow, opportunities now exist to address it through commitments like the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition and the Sustainable Development Goals. The burden of malnutrition remains high in multiple forms among children and adults worldwide. However, countries are increasingly establishing policies and targets to tackle malnutrition, though financing remains a challenge to deliver on these commitments. Data and understanding of effective solutions are improving but must be translated into urgent, comprehensive action to achieve nutrition goals.
1) A team of international nutrition experts reviewed evidence and estimated the impact and cost of scaling up 10 proven nutrition interventions to reach 90% of at-risk populations. This could save 900,000 lives in high-burden countries and reduce stunting in children by 33 million.
2) The total additional annual cost of achieving 90% coverage with these interventions is estimated to be $9.6 billion.
3) While nutrition-specific interventions can reduce stunting by 20%, nutrition-sensitive programs that address the underlying causes of undernutrition, like food security and women's empowerment, are also needed. These programs have potential to deliver nutrition interventions at large scale.
Breastfeeding in low-resource settings: Nota a “small matter”
The evidence is clear – breastfeeding has positive health effects both for mother and child. In an editorial published in PLOS Medicine Professor Lars Åke Persson summarises some of the most striking reasons for babies to be breast-fed within the first hour, exclusively within the first six months and continued during the second year of life. Health benefits include lower morbidity and mortality rates, as well as better neuro-cognitive functions. For mothers who breastfeed reduced risk of cancer is cited. Why then is breastfeeding not the social norm around the world? Professor Persson explains that an enabling environment, at societal level, within the health system, at the workplace and in families, is necessary for more babies to be breastfed.
This review paper examines evidence on dietary and other factors that influence weight gain and obesity at the population level. It finds convincing evidence that regular physical activity and high fiber intake protect against obesity, while sedentary lifestyles and consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods increase obesity risk. It recommends a range of strategies to address obesity, including making healthy foods more available, limiting marketing of unhealthy foods to children, promoting active transportation, and improving health services and messaging around nutrition and physical activity. Comprehensive programs are needed to reverse obesity epidemic trends affecting both rich and poor countries.
This document proposes solutions to reduce malnutrition globally. It states that malnutrition affects billions and contributes to millions of child deaths daily from lack of essential nutrients. It recommends providing affordable vitamin/mineral supplements to vulnerable people and encouraging communities to improve food production/consumption. The proposed solutions aim to integrate health services, ensure quality care, alleviate cost barriers, and receive funding from eliminating user fees and establishing cash transfer systems. However, challenges include lack of political will due to funding issues, lack of awareness, and orthodox societies.
Nutrition element portfolio review usaid_ Roshelle Payes & Rebecca Egan_10.14.11CORE Group
The document discusses USAID's nutrition approach, outlining its principles, components, target areas, and role of operating units. It provides context on the global burden of undernutrition and its causes. It then describes the recent shift in global and USAID nutrition strategies from vertical to integrated approaches, from under-fives targeting to the 1000-day window, from nutrient-specific to diet quality measures, from recuperative to preventive focus, and from health platforms to multi-sectoral delivery. It poses questions about reaching the 30% undernutrition reduction goal and delivering comprehensive nutrition interventions at scale through integrated frameworks.
The document summarizes MDG 5 on improving maternal health, including progress made, ongoing challenges, and the significance of maternal health for overall development. Globally, the maternal mortality ratio has declined by 47% since 1990 but remains short of the 75% target reduction. While the percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel has increased in developing nations, maternal and newborn deaths are overwhelmingly concentrated in those areas. Barriers to further progress include economic injustices facing women, gender inequality, lack of education, and institutional factors like conflict. Maternal health is foundational for development goals in areas like poverty, hunger, education, empowerment, and disease prevention. Effective interventions require community-based and collaborative approaches that empower local ownership.
The document discusses ways to tackle malnutrition in India through a proposed micro-nutrient nutrition program. It notes that over 30% of India's population suffers from calorie-protein and micronutrient deficiencies. The program would provide multiple vitamin and mineral supplements to pregnant and lactating women and children aged 6-59 months. It outlines the composition of supplements designed to provide daily recommended nutrient intake. The program aims to address malnutrition across generations in a coordinated manner through supplements, fortified foods, and public awareness campaigns.
This document discusses the importance of integrating nutrition into development efforts. It summarizes 12 briefs on how good nutrition is essential and linked to achieving goals in various areas like health, education, gender equality, poverty reduction, and the environment. Undernutrition levels in developing countries are high, with over 150 million children affected. Improving nutrition can boost outcomes across sectors like reducing child mortality, bolstering education performance, empowering women, and supporting agricultural productivity. The briefs provide evidence of these impacts and recommendations for interventions to integrate nutrition into related policies and programs.
Evaluation of Childhood Obesity This is just an example do n.docxelbanglis
Evaluation of Childhood Obesity
This is just an example do not follow the citations etc…..
This is just to show you what we are looking for.
Childhood obesity is a rising problem worldwide problem. The World Health
Organization (WHO) believes that childhood obesity is one of the “most serious public health
challenges of the 21st century” (Howard, 2019). Obesity in children and adolescents is expected
to exceed the occurrence of those that are underweight and malnourished in the world by the year
2022 (Howard). According to the WHO, the number of obese children in the world increased
from 32 to 41 million over the past 25 years (“GHO”, n.d.). In 2016, the obesity rate in children
under the age of 5 in the United States was 22.7 and 18 percent in children over the age of five
(“GHO”). New Zealand’s rates of childhood obesity are very similar to the United States, with
20.6 percent of children under the age of 5 and 15 percent in the childhood population over 5
years old (“GHO”). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the global health impact of childhood
obesity as well as compare the United States with New Zealand on obesities impact, policy
implementation, and plans to improve this rising health dilemma.
Global Health Comparison Grid Template
Use this document to complete the Module 6 Assessment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement
Global Healthcare Issue
Description
Country
United States
Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue
What are the strengths of this policy?
What are the weaknesses of this policy?
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)
How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?
How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)
Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country.
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)
General Notes/Comments
EXAMPLE
A Plan for Social Change
The definition for obesity is not universal (Howard). However the problem still exists across the globe. Policies, laws, and regulations are necessary to create change and reduce obesity worldwide (Swinburn). Society across the globe has evolved. People tend to seek out opportunities to indulge in food for relaxation but have decreased efforts in work and physical activity (Swinburn). Lifestyles have become over burdened with tasks. People are on the go, always running to the next task. Technology has created a world where machines do simple tasks that man once had to complete. Food is more readily at our fingertips, but the quality and nutritional value of these products are falling (Swinbu ...
Evaluation of Childhood Obesity This is just an example do n.docxturveycharlyn
Evaluation of Childhood Obesity
This is just an example do not follow the citations etc…..
This is just to show you what we are looking for.
Childhood obesity is a rising problem worldwide problem. The World Health
Organization (WHO) believes that childhood obesity is one of the “most serious public health
challenges of the 21st century” (Howard, 2019). Obesity in children and adolescents is expected
to exceed the occurrence of those that are underweight and malnourished in the world by the year
2022 (Howard). According to the WHO, the number of obese children in the world increased
from 32 to 41 million over the past 25 years (“GHO”, n.d.). In 2016, the obesity rate in children
under the age of 5 in the United States was 22.7 and 18 percent in children over the age of five
(“GHO”). New Zealand’s rates of childhood obesity are very similar to the United States, with
20.6 percent of children under the age of 5 and 15 percent in the childhood population over 5
years old (“GHO”). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the global health impact of childhood
obesity as well as compare the United States with New Zealand on obesities impact, policy
implementation, and plans to improve this rising health dilemma.
Global Health Comparison Grid Template
Use this document to complete the Module 6 Assessment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement
Global Healthcare Issue
Description
Country
United States
Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue
What are the strengths of this policy?
What are the weaknesses of this policy?
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)
How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?
How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)
Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country.
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)
General Notes/Comments
EXAMPLE
A Plan for Social Change
The definition for obesity is not universal (Howard). However the problem still exists across the globe. Policies, laws, and regulations are necessary to create change and reduce obesity worldwide (Swinburn). Society across the globe has evolved. People tend to seek out opportunities to indulge in food for relaxation but have decreased efforts in work and physical activity (Swinburn). Lifestyles have become over burdened with tasks. People are on the go, always running to the next task. Technology has created a world where machines do simple tasks that man once had to complete. Food is more readily at our fingertips, but the quality and nutritional value of these products are falling (Swinbu.
This document provides a summary of the problem of acute malnutrition around the world. It notes that approximately 55 million children under 5 years of age are acutely malnourished, with 19 million suffering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Without treatment, children with SAM are at high risk of death. However, only about 3-9% of children with SAM receive the lifesaving treatment they need. The document defines acute malnutrition as weight loss due to recent nutritional restrictions, illness, or inappropriate child care practices. It distinguishes between moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and SAM, describing the clinical manifestations of each. The high prevalence and mortality of acute malnutrition is presented as an unacceptable problem requiring urgent global attention and
Pre-Pregnancy Care and Pregnancy Care to Improve Neonatal and Perinatal Morta...DerejeBayissa2
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of linking pre-pregnancy and pregnancy care in reducing neonatal and perinatal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. The analysis included 5 randomized controlled trials with outcomes of neonatal, perinatal, and maternal mortality. The meta-analysis found that interventions linking pre-pregnancy and pregnancy care effectively reduced neonatal mortality by 21% and perinatal mortality by 16%, but did not find an effect on maternal mortality. The review concluded that neonatal and perinatal mortality can be reduced by linking pre-pregnancy and pregnancy care as part of a continuum of care approach.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Indian Newborn Action Plan (INAP). It was launched in 2012 to accelerate the reduction of preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths in India by 2030. The goals are to achieve single digit neonatal and stillbirth rates by 2030. It discusses the current trends showing geographical and rural-urban differences. The major causes of neonatal deaths are also provided. The document then describes the 6 strategic intervention packages of INAP covering preconception to postnatal newborn care. It highlights targets and principles of integration, equity and quality. Monitoring and evaluation are important components to track progress of the plan.
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 5.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 5
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
P-I-C-O-T Statement
P- Patients who suffer from obesity (BMI of more than 30)
I- Undertaking nutritional education, diet, and exercise
C- Comparison to nutritional education, endoscopic bariatric surgical intervention
O- Improved health outcomes in terms of overall weight
T - A year’s time limit
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity poses serious health problems in the US as the number of overweight and obese population increases at a rapid pace every year. The effects of this problem have arrested the attention of policymakers, societal members, and government agencies. This has resulted in ranking childhood obesity as a national health concern. The adverse impacts of this disease go beyond the health realms to include economic burden on both personal and national budgets. While there are numerous risk factors and various evidence-based interventions to address this challenge, no single approach is consistently efficacious in curbing the disease. Consequently, it is imperative that efficacious initiatives and policies be developed to address the never-ending problem of childhood obesity. Multidisciplinary approaches are often broad and cut across all dimensions of personal health problems. Instead of placing emphasis solely on biomedical models, health care professionals should also seek to promote behavior change among obesity patients and their family members. A PICOT statement can be utilized as an effective tool to seek interventions of addressing childhood obesity.
PICOT Statement
Population
In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative ...
An overview of malnutrition among children under 5 years of age in Bangladesh...Ana Perez Sota
Malnutrition among children under 5 in Bangladesh is manifested as stunting, underweight, or wasting. Approximately 36% of children are stunted, 33% are underweight, and 14% are wasted. Several intervention programs aim to reduce malnutrition, including vitamin supplementation, deworming, improving healthcare, and nutrition education. Challenges include inconsistent leadership, poor coordination between programs, and delivering interventions in medical settings rather than preventing malnutrition. Overall Bangladesh has made progress, but challenges remain to be fully addressed to eradicate malnutrition.
Unmed need for family planing naval and vinayak 23- 03-17Naval Kishor Ray
The document discusses unmet need for family planning, which was first explored in the 1960s through surveys showing a gap between women's reproductive intentions and contraceptive use. Unmet need, usually applied to married women, refers to women who want to avoid or delay pregnancy but are not using contraception. Studies have found unmet need is highest among younger women and in certain regions of India. Addressing unmet need remains an important challenge for family planning programs.
Apoiar a Amamentação para um planeta mais saudável
#WBW2020 Support breastfeeding for a healthier planet
A WABA - World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action (Aliança Mundial para Ação de Aleitamento Materno) acaba de definir o tema e o slogan para a #SMAM2020 (#WBW2020).
A Semana Mundial de 2020 se concentrará no impacto da alimentação infantil no meio ambiente, nas mudanças climáticas e na necessidade urgente de proteger, promover e apoiar o aleitamento materno para a saúde do planeta e de seu povo.
O slogan para #WBW2020 é
Apoiar a amamentação para um planeta mais saudável
Em breve, publicaremos o fôlder em português.
Amamentar é um ato Ecológico!
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
http://www.aleitamento.com/promocao/conteudo.asp?cod=2491
This document provides an overview and analysis of progress towards universal access to reproductive health and family planning based on key indicators. Some key points:
- Globally, contraceptive use has increased to two-thirds of married women, but 12% still have unmet need. The most common methods are female sterilization and IUD.
- Over 80% of married women's family planning needs are satisfied globally, but less than half in Africa.
- 15.3 million adolescent girls give birth each year. Adolescent contraceptive use and access to family planning services lag behind other age groups.
- Disparities exist based on location, education, and wealth. Rural, less educated and poorer
Executive summary 2021 Global Nutrition ReportCIkumparan
1) Progress is being made on some global nutrition targets but not others, and accelerated efforts are needed. Most countries are not on track to meet targets for stunting, wasting, anaemia, obesity, and diet-related diseases. Covid-19 has exacerbated the problem.
2) Unhealthy and unsustainable diets are harming health and the environment. No region meets recommendations for healthy diets, while diet-related deaths and environmental impacts are rising.
3) Financing needs to meet nutrition targets are growing but resources are falling, though the economic costs of inaction are far greater. Traditional and innovative financing must be expanded to close the gap.
The document outlines a plan by Dr. Imelda Medina to improve access to oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in Nicaragua to help achieve the UN Millennium Development Goal of reducing child mortality. Currently, Dr. Medina runs a distribution system of ORT packets through local clinics and health promoters, but it only reaches a small portion of the target population of 5,000 children under 5. The plan is to expand this system with more distribution points, provide more frequent education, and obtain more funding to increase the monthly supply of ORT packets from the current 2,000 to the estimated need of 26,666 packets per year. The goal is to establish a sustainable network across Nicaragua to ensure all families
Running head MATERNAL, INFANT AND CHILD HEALTH .docxcowinhelen
Running head: MATERNAL, INFANT AND CHILD HEALTH 1
MATERNAL, INFANT AND CHILD HEALTH 9
Maternal, infant and child health
Name
Institution
Abstract
Maternal, infant health is very essential for the progress of any country since they form the pillar of our future generations. United States has made significant strides towards securing the maternal and child health through various initiatives and programs within the country and around the globe. Despite the existence of health care initiatives to promote maternal, infant and child health, maternal and infant mortalities are still recorded on a daily basis in the U.S. Risk factors to maternal, infant and child mortalities include poor and a lack of a antenatal care attendance, unskilled birth attendants,ce and childhood illnesses. More than a quarter of every single maternal mortality is because of postpartum hemorrhaginge, for the most part after labor.
Infant mortality is another prevalent case that contributes to the worsening situation in child and maternal health, because of untimely births represent more than a quarter of infant mortalities, trailed by mortalities during births and neonatal sepsis. Maternal and child health (MCH) programs concentrate on medical problems concerning related to mothers, children, and families – such as , for example, access to suitable pre-natal and child welfare services, baby mortality mitigation initiatives, emergency medical services, prevention of injuries, infant screening, and administrations to kidschildren children with unique health care needs. The United States is working to prevent maternal deaths, infant mortalities, and child mortalities, and to reduce the prevalence of these incidences. It calls for a multidisciplinary approach in order to eliminate this issue affecting the mothers and children. Reinforcing referral systems and linkages between various levels of hospital-based patient care, and between healthcare organizations providers and the general population, must be a top needpriority.
1- (the things in red is the corrections, if its underline means this is the correct world and if its cross off means you have to delete it)
2- ( the things in yellow you have to delete it and write the topic and the purpose of the paper and I will write it for you at the end of the first paragraph).
3- Change anything about child health and just focus on mortality maternal unless there is something related to the child health so then you can mention that.
4- Scoop of the problem
5- Associated factors
6- solutions
Maternal child and infant health
Enhancing the prosperity of mothers, newborn children, and young children is a vital public health objective for the United States and the entire globe. Their prosperity dictates the strength of the people in the future and can anticipate future public wellbeing challenges for fam ...
mHealth for Family Planning_Lairmore_finalKate Lairmore
Mobile health (mHealth) tools show promise in increasing access to family planning services and education by leveraging the widespread availability of mobile phones. However, while mHealth applications are growing rapidly, evidence of their effectiveness remains limited. This paper examines the potential uses of mHealth strategies in family planning programs and presents examples to address unmet needs for information and services. The goal is to provide an overview of how adding mobile phone tools could help reduce high unmet need levels.
This document presents pathways between SBCC delivery strategies and improved maternal, infant, and young child nutrition practices. It introduces a conceptual framework that shows how SBCC can target different populations to address behavioral determinants and improve nutrition practices and status. The framework includes evidence-based high-impact nutrition practices in five areas: dietary practices during pregnancy/lactation, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, anemia prevention/control, and WASH. It then outlines key determinants of behavior change and SBCC delivery strategies like community mobilization, BCC, and advocacy. The document provides citations supporting the prioritized nutrition practices and refers readers to additional evidence on effective SBCC approaches on the SPRING website.
Maternal and child undernutrition is a serious problem in Bangladesh, with nearly half of children under five stunted and 14% suffering from wasting. Micronutrient deficiencies like iron deficiency anemia and iodine deficiency are also widespread. Inadequate childcare practices like low rates of exclusive breastfeeding and late introduction of complementary foods contribute to undernutrition. While the government and NGOs have implemented some nutrition interventions, coverage remains low and interventions have faced challenges. The government has now established the National Nutrition Service to mainstream nutrition services and implement a multi-sectoral response to reduce malnutrition in Bangladesh.
Overwieght and obesity whats need to be done.zakaria mohAhmedaedy
Overweight and obesity are leading causes of diabetes and non-communicable diseases in Kenya. To address this, approaches are needed to prevent obesity through policies influencing food environments, marketing of unhealthy foods, and promoting healthy diets and physical activity. Current challenges include weak multi-sectoral coordination and inadequate nutrition resources. Next steps involve strengthening multi-sectoral efforts through advocacy and leveraging other sectors to reduce obesity.
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
The document summarizes MDG 5 on improving maternal health, including progress made, ongoing challenges, and the significance of maternal health for overall development. Globally, the maternal mortality ratio has declined by 47% since 1990 but remains short of the 75% target reduction. While the percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel has increased in developing nations, maternal and newborn deaths are overwhelmingly concentrated in those areas. Barriers to further progress include economic injustices facing women, gender inequality, lack of education, and institutional factors like conflict. Maternal health is foundational for development goals in areas like poverty, hunger, education, empowerment, and disease prevention. Effective interventions require community-based and collaborative approaches that empower local ownership.
The document discusses ways to tackle malnutrition in India through a proposed micro-nutrient nutrition program. It notes that over 30% of India's population suffers from calorie-protein and micronutrient deficiencies. The program would provide multiple vitamin and mineral supplements to pregnant and lactating women and children aged 6-59 months. It outlines the composition of supplements designed to provide daily recommended nutrient intake. The program aims to address malnutrition across generations in a coordinated manner through supplements, fortified foods, and public awareness campaigns.
This document discusses the importance of integrating nutrition into development efforts. It summarizes 12 briefs on how good nutrition is essential and linked to achieving goals in various areas like health, education, gender equality, poverty reduction, and the environment. Undernutrition levels in developing countries are high, with over 150 million children affected. Improving nutrition can boost outcomes across sectors like reducing child mortality, bolstering education performance, empowering women, and supporting agricultural productivity. The briefs provide evidence of these impacts and recommendations for interventions to integrate nutrition into related policies and programs.
Evaluation of Childhood Obesity This is just an example do n.docxelbanglis
Evaluation of Childhood Obesity
This is just an example do not follow the citations etc…..
This is just to show you what we are looking for.
Childhood obesity is a rising problem worldwide problem. The World Health
Organization (WHO) believes that childhood obesity is one of the “most serious public health
challenges of the 21st century” (Howard, 2019). Obesity in children and adolescents is expected
to exceed the occurrence of those that are underweight and malnourished in the world by the year
2022 (Howard). According to the WHO, the number of obese children in the world increased
from 32 to 41 million over the past 25 years (“GHO”, n.d.). In 2016, the obesity rate in children
under the age of 5 in the United States was 22.7 and 18 percent in children over the age of five
(“GHO”). New Zealand’s rates of childhood obesity are very similar to the United States, with
20.6 percent of children under the age of 5 and 15 percent in the childhood population over 5
years old (“GHO”). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the global health impact of childhood
obesity as well as compare the United States with New Zealand on obesities impact, policy
implementation, and plans to improve this rising health dilemma.
Global Health Comparison Grid Template
Use this document to complete the Module 6 Assessment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement
Global Healthcare Issue
Description
Country
United States
Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue
What are the strengths of this policy?
What are the weaknesses of this policy?
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)
How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?
How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)
Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country.
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)
General Notes/Comments
EXAMPLE
A Plan for Social Change
The definition for obesity is not universal (Howard). However the problem still exists across the globe. Policies, laws, and regulations are necessary to create change and reduce obesity worldwide (Swinburn). Society across the globe has evolved. People tend to seek out opportunities to indulge in food for relaxation but have decreased efforts in work and physical activity (Swinburn). Lifestyles have become over burdened with tasks. People are on the go, always running to the next task. Technology has created a world where machines do simple tasks that man once had to complete. Food is more readily at our fingertips, but the quality and nutritional value of these products are falling (Swinbu ...
Evaluation of Childhood Obesity This is just an example do n.docxturveycharlyn
Evaluation of Childhood Obesity
This is just an example do not follow the citations etc…..
This is just to show you what we are looking for.
Childhood obesity is a rising problem worldwide problem. The World Health
Organization (WHO) believes that childhood obesity is one of the “most serious public health
challenges of the 21st century” (Howard, 2019). Obesity in children and adolescents is expected
to exceed the occurrence of those that are underweight and malnourished in the world by the year
2022 (Howard). According to the WHO, the number of obese children in the world increased
from 32 to 41 million over the past 25 years (“GHO”, n.d.). In 2016, the obesity rate in children
under the age of 5 in the United States was 22.7 and 18 percent in children over the age of five
(“GHO”). New Zealand’s rates of childhood obesity are very similar to the United States, with
20.6 percent of children under the age of 5 and 15 percent in the childhood population over 5
years old (“GHO”). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the global health impact of childhood
obesity as well as compare the United States with New Zealand on obesities impact, policy
implementation, and plans to improve this rising health dilemma.
Global Health Comparison Grid Template
Use this document to complete the Module 6 Assessment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement
Global Healthcare Issue
Description
Country
United States
Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue
What are the strengths of this policy?
What are the weaknesses of this policy?
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)
How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?
How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)
Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country.
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)
General Notes/Comments
EXAMPLE
A Plan for Social Change
The definition for obesity is not universal (Howard). However the problem still exists across the globe. Policies, laws, and regulations are necessary to create change and reduce obesity worldwide (Swinburn). Society across the globe has evolved. People tend to seek out opportunities to indulge in food for relaxation but have decreased efforts in work and physical activity (Swinburn). Lifestyles have become over burdened with tasks. People are on the go, always running to the next task. Technology has created a world where machines do simple tasks that man once had to complete. Food is more readily at our fingertips, but the quality and nutritional value of these products are falling (Swinbu.
This document provides a summary of the problem of acute malnutrition around the world. It notes that approximately 55 million children under 5 years of age are acutely malnourished, with 19 million suffering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Without treatment, children with SAM are at high risk of death. However, only about 3-9% of children with SAM receive the lifesaving treatment they need. The document defines acute malnutrition as weight loss due to recent nutritional restrictions, illness, or inappropriate child care practices. It distinguishes between moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and SAM, describing the clinical manifestations of each. The high prevalence and mortality of acute malnutrition is presented as an unacceptable problem requiring urgent global attention and
Pre-Pregnancy Care and Pregnancy Care to Improve Neonatal and Perinatal Morta...DerejeBayissa2
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of linking pre-pregnancy and pregnancy care in reducing neonatal and perinatal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. The analysis included 5 randomized controlled trials with outcomes of neonatal, perinatal, and maternal mortality. The meta-analysis found that interventions linking pre-pregnancy and pregnancy care effectively reduced neonatal mortality by 21% and perinatal mortality by 16%, but did not find an effect on maternal mortality. The review concluded that neonatal and perinatal mortality can be reduced by linking pre-pregnancy and pregnancy care as part of a continuum of care approach.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Indian Newborn Action Plan (INAP). It was launched in 2012 to accelerate the reduction of preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths in India by 2030. The goals are to achieve single digit neonatal and stillbirth rates by 2030. It discusses the current trends showing geographical and rural-urban differences. The major causes of neonatal deaths are also provided. The document then describes the 6 strategic intervention packages of INAP covering preconception to postnatal newborn care. It highlights targets and principles of integration, equity and quality. Monitoring and evaluation are important components to track progress of the plan.
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 5.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 5
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
P-I-C-O-T Statement
P- Patients who suffer from obesity (BMI of more than 30)
I- Undertaking nutritional education, diet, and exercise
C- Comparison to nutritional education, endoscopic bariatric surgical intervention
O- Improved health outcomes in terms of overall weight
T - A year’s time limit
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity poses serious health problems in the US as the number of overweight and obese population increases at a rapid pace every year. The effects of this problem have arrested the attention of policymakers, societal members, and government agencies. This has resulted in ranking childhood obesity as a national health concern. The adverse impacts of this disease go beyond the health realms to include economic burden on both personal and national budgets. While there are numerous risk factors and various evidence-based interventions to address this challenge, no single approach is consistently efficacious in curbing the disease. Consequently, it is imperative that efficacious initiatives and policies be developed to address the never-ending problem of childhood obesity. Multidisciplinary approaches are often broad and cut across all dimensions of personal health problems. Instead of placing emphasis solely on biomedical models, health care professionals should also seek to promote behavior change among obesity patients and their family members. A PICOT statement can be utilized as an effective tool to seek interventions of addressing childhood obesity.
PICOT Statement
Population
In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative ...
An overview of malnutrition among children under 5 years of age in Bangladesh...Ana Perez Sota
Malnutrition among children under 5 in Bangladesh is manifested as stunting, underweight, or wasting. Approximately 36% of children are stunted, 33% are underweight, and 14% are wasted. Several intervention programs aim to reduce malnutrition, including vitamin supplementation, deworming, improving healthcare, and nutrition education. Challenges include inconsistent leadership, poor coordination between programs, and delivering interventions in medical settings rather than preventing malnutrition. Overall Bangladesh has made progress, but challenges remain to be fully addressed to eradicate malnutrition.
Unmed need for family planing naval and vinayak 23- 03-17Naval Kishor Ray
The document discusses unmet need for family planning, which was first explored in the 1960s through surveys showing a gap between women's reproductive intentions and contraceptive use. Unmet need, usually applied to married women, refers to women who want to avoid or delay pregnancy but are not using contraception. Studies have found unmet need is highest among younger women and in certain regions of India. Addressing unmet need remains an important challenge for family planning programs.
Apoiar a Amamentação para um planeta mais saudável
#WBW2020 Support breastfeeding for a healthier planet
A WABA - World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action (Aliança Mundial para Ação de Aleitamento Materno) acaba de definir o tema e o slogan para a #SMAM2020 (#WBW2020).
A Semana Mundial de 2020 se concentrará no impacto da alimentação infantil no meio ambiente, nas mudanças climáticas e na necessidade urgente de proteger, promover e apoiar o aleitamento materno para a saúde do planeta e de seu povo.
O slogan para #WBW2020 é
Apoiar a amamentação para um planeta mais saudável
Em breve, publicaremos o fôlder em português.
Amamentar é um ato Ecológico!
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
http://www.aleitamento.com/promocao/conteudo.asp?cod=2491
This document provides an overview and analysis of progress towards universal access to reproductive health and family planning based on key indicators. Some key points:
- Globally, contraceptive use has increased to two-thirds of married women, but 12% still have unmet need. The most common methods are female sterilization and IUD.
- Over 80% of married women's family planning needs are satisfied globally, but less than half in Africa.
- 15.3 million adolescent girls give birth each year. Adolescent contraceptive use and access to family planning services lag behind other age groups.
- Disparities exist based on location, education, and wealth. Rural, less educated and poorer
Executive summary 2021 Global Nutrition ReportCIkumparan
1) Progress is being made on some global nutrition targets but not others, and accelerated efforts are needed. Most countries are not on track to meet targets for stunting, wasting, anaemia, obesity, and diet-related diseases. Covid-19 has exacerbated the problem.
2) Unhealthy and unsustainable diets are harming health and the environment. No region meets recommendations for healthy diets, while diet-related deaths and environmental impacts are rising.
3) Financing needs to meet nutrition targets are growing but resources are falling, though the economic costs of inaction are far greater. Traditional and innovative financing must be expanded to close the gap.
The document outlines a plan by Dr. Imelda Medina to improve access to oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in Nicaragua to help achieve the UN Millennium Development Goal of reducing child mortality. Currently, Dr. Medina runs a distribution system of ORT packets through local clinics and health promoters, but it only reaches a small portion of the target population of 5,000 children under 5. The plan is to expand this system with more distribution points, provide more frequent education, and obtain more funding to increase the monthly supply of ORT packets from the current 2,000 to the estimated need of 26,666 packets per year. The goal is to establish a sustainable network across Nicaragua to ensure all families
Running head MATERNAL, INFANT AND CHILD HEALTH .docxcowinhelen
Running head: MATERNAL, INFANT AND CHILD HEALTH 1
MATERNAL, INFANT AND CHILD HEALTH 9
Maternal, infant and child health
Name
Institution
Abstract
Maternal, infant health is very essential for the progress of any country since they form the pillar of our future generations. United States has made significant strides towards securing the maternal and child health through various initiatives and programs within the country and around the globe. Despite the existence of health care initiatives to promote maternal, infant and child health, maternal and infant mortalities are still recorded on a daily basis in the U.S. Risk factors to maternal, infant and child mortalities include poor and a lack of a antenatal care attendance, unskilled birth attendants,ce and childhood illnesses. More than a quarter of every single maternal mortality is because of postpartum hemorrhaginge, for the most part after labor.
Infant mortality is another prevalent case that contributes to the worsening situation in child and maternal health, because of untimely births represent more than a quarter of infant mortalities, trailed by mortalities during births and neonatal sepsis. Maternal and child health (MCH) programs concentrate on medical problems concerning related to mothers, children, and families – such as , for example, access to suitable pre-natal and child welfare services, baby mortality mitigation initiatives, emergency medical services, prevention of injuries, infant screening, and administrations to kidschildren children with unique health care needs. The United States is working to prevent maternal deaths, infant mortalities, and child mortalities, and to reduce the prevalence of these incidences. It calls for a multidisciplinary approach in order to eliminate this issue affecting the mothers and children. Reinforcing referral systems and linkages between various levels of hospital-based patient care, and between healthcare organizations providers and the general population, must be a top needpriority.
1- (the things in red is the corrections, if its underline means this is the correct world and if its cross off means you have to delete it)
2- ( the things in yellow you have to delete it and write the topic and the purpose of the paper and I will write it for you at the end of the first paragraph).
3- Change anything about child health and just focus on mortality maternal unless there is something related to the child health so then you can mention that.
4- Scoop of the problem
5- Associated factors
6- solutions
Maternal child and infant health
Enhancing the prosperity of mothers, newborn children, and young children is a vital public health objective for the United States and the entire globe. Their prosperity dictates the strength of the people in the future and can anticipate future public wellbeing challenges for fam ...
mHealth for Family Planning_Lairmore_finalKate Lairmore
Mobile health (mHealth) tools show promise in increasing access to family planning services and education by leveraging the widespread availability of mobile phones. However, while mHealth applications are growing rapidly, evidence of their effectiveness remains limited. This paper examines the potential uses of mHealth strategies in family planning programs and presents examples to address unmet needs for information and services. The goal is to provide an overview of how adding mobile phone tools could help reduce high unmet need levels.
This document presents pathways between SBCC delivery strategies and improved maternal, infant, and young child nutrition practices. It introduces a conceptual framework that shows how SBCC can target different populations to address behavioral determinants and improve nutrition practices and status. The framework includes evidence-based high-impact nutrition practices in five areas: dietary practices during pregnancy/lactation, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, anemia prevention/control, and WASH. It then outlines key determinants of behavior change and SBCC delivery strategies like community mobilization, BCC, and advocacy. The document provides citations supporting the prioritized nutrition practices and refers readers to additional evidence on effective SBCC approaches on the SPRING website.
Maternal and child undernutrition is a serious problem in Bangladesh, with nearly half of children under five stunted and 14% suffering from wasting. Micronutrient deficiencies like iron deficiency anemia and iodine deficiency are also widespread. Inadequate childcare practices like low rates of exclusive breastfeeding and late introduction of complementary foods contribute to undernutrition. While the government and NGOs have implemented some nutrition interventions, coverage remains low and interventions have faced challenges. The government has now established the National Nutrition Service to mainstream nutrition services and implement a multi-sectoral response to reduce malnutrition in Bangladesh.
Overwieght and obesity whats need to be done.zakaria mohAhmedaedy
Overweight and obesity are leading causes of diabetes and non-communicable diseases in Kenya. To address this, approaches are needed to prevent obesity through policies influencing food environments, marketing of unhealthy foods, and promoting healthy diets and physical activity. Current challenges include weak multi-sectoral coordination and inadequate nutrition resources. Next steps involve strengthening multi-sectoral efforts through advocacy and leveraging other sectors to reduce obesity.
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
1. WHAT’S AT STAKE
In 2012, the World Health Assembly Resolution 65.6 endorsed a Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant
and young child nutrition (1), which specified six global nutrition targets for 2025 (2). This policy brief covers the third
target: a 30% reduction in low birth weight. The purpose of this policy brief is to increase attention to, investment
in, and action for a set of cost-effective interventions and policies that can help Member States and their partners in
reducing rates of low birth weight.
Global Nutrition Targets 2025
LowBirthWeight Policy Brief
L
ow birth weight is defined by the World Health
Organization (WHO) as weight at birth less than
2500 g (5.5 lb). Low birth weight continues to
be a significant public health problem globally and
is associated with a range of both short- and long-
term consequences. Overall, it is estimated that 15%
to 20% of all births worldwide are low birth weight,
representing more than 20 million births a year.The goal
is to achieve a 30% reduction in the number of infants
born with a weight lower than 2500 g by the year 2025
(1). This would translate into a 3% relative reduction
per year between 2012 and 2025 and a reduction from
approximately 20 million to about 14 million infants
with low weight at birth.
Preterm birth is the most common direct cause of
neonatal mortality (3). Every year, 1.1 million babies die
from complications of preterm birth. Low birth weight
is not only a major predictor of prenatal mortality and
morbidity, but recent studies have found that low birth
weight also increases the risk for noncommunicable
diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease
later in life (4, 5).
There is considerable variation in the prevalence of
low birth weight across regions and within countries;
however, the great majority of low-birth-weight
births occur in low- and middle-income countries and
especially in the most vulnerable populations (6, 7).
Regional estimates of low birth weight include 28% in
south Asia, 13% in sub-Saharan Africa and 9% in Latin
America (see Table 1). It is worth noting that these
rates are high, in spite of the fact that the data on low
birth weight remain limited or unreliable, as many
deliveries occur in homes or small health clinics and
are not reported in official figures, which may result
in an underestimation of the prevalence of low birth
weight.
WHO/NMH/NHD/14.5
TARGET:
30% reduction in
low birth weight
Gates/Frederic Coubert
2. 2
Nevertheless, low birth weight is a global concern, as
somehigh-incomecountriesarealsofacedwithhighrates
for their contexts (e.g. Spain, the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland [UK] and the United States
of America [USA]) (3). Currently, a high percentage of
infants are not weighed at birth, especially in low-income
countries, presenting a significant policy challenge (see
Table 1). There is also substantial intra-country variation.
Populationgroupsinthehighestsocioeconomicpositions
are more likely to receive adequate health care with care
standards similar to those in high-income countries.
Therefore, identifying populations at greatest risk of low
birth weight, as well as those that are most likely to face
barriers in access to health and nutrition interventions, is a
global priority and fundamental for the success of large-
scale programmes.
Therearemultiplecausesoflowbirthweight,including
early induction of labour or caesarean birth (for medical
or non-medical reasons), multiple pregnancies, infections
and chronic conditions such as diabetes and high blood
pressure (5).The consequences of low birth weight include
fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, poor cognitive
development and an increased risk of chronic diseases
later in life(4). This policy brief aims to highlight effective
actions to reduce the incidence of low birth weight.
THE MULTIFACTORIAL NATURE OF LOW BIRTH
WEIGHT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Low birth weight is complex and includes preterm
neonates (born before 37 weeks of gestation), small for
gestationalageneonatesattermandtheoverlapbetween
these two situations – preterm, small for gestational age
neonates, who typically have the worst outcomes. These
three groups have their own subgroups, with individual
components linked to different causative factors and
long-term effects, and distributions across populations
that depend on the prevalence of the underlying causal
factors (4, 10, 11). Understanding and differentiating the
various categories and their subgroups is an essential first
step in preventing these conditions (12–14).
TABLE 1. DATA FOR LOW BIRTH WEIGHTa, b
Regiona
% of infants with
low birth weightb
% of infants not
weighed at birthb
Sub-Saharan Africa 13 54
Eastern and southern Africa 11 46
West and central Africa 14 60
Middle East and north Africa — —
South Asia 28 66
East Asia and Pacific 6 22
Latin America and Caribbean 9 10
Least developed countries 13 46
World 15 48 c
a
Classification of countries according to the United Nations Statistical Division (8).
b
Regional aggregates are presented where adequate population coverage is present, based on available data 2008–2012.
c
Excludes China (United Nations Children’s Fund [UNICEF] estimate, as of February 2014) (9).
Source: UNICEF data (2014). Nutrition: low birth weight (9).
3. 3
It has been reported that preterm small for
gestational age birth is associated with medical
conditions related to chronic hypertension and pre-
eclampsia/eclampsia (15). The presentation of pre-
eclampsia highlights the complex interactions that
exist between nutrition, preterm birth and small for
gestational age. Pre-eclampsia, which only occurs
in pregnancy, is associated with both preterm birth
(spontaneous or induced due to severe disease) and
small for gestational age, owing to reduced placental
function, which includes poorer transfer of nutrients
to the fetus. The mother’s nutritional status also alters
her risk of pre-eclampsia. Based on the results of a
large trial conducted by the WHO, which has been
confirmed by several systematic reviews, calcium
supplementation during pregnancy for women with
low calcium intake has been identified as one of the
effective nutritional interventions because it reduces
the incidence of pre-eclampsia and may also reduce
the rate of preterm births (16,17).
Large-scale implementation of calcium
supplementation during pregnancy is an example of
the type of effective nutritional intervention that needs
to be introduced immediately in populations with low
calcium intakes (16). Reducing the incidence of low
birth weight requires a comprehensive global strategy,
which must include multiple elements: improving
maternal nutritional status; treating pregnancy-
associated conditions such as pre-eclampsia; and
providing adequate maternal care, perinatal clinical
services and social support.
ACTIONS TO DRIVE PROGRESS IN REDUCING
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
Affordable, accessible and appropriate health care is critical
for preventing and treating low birth weight. Reductions in
neonatal morbidity and mortality will only be achieved if
pregnancycareisfullyintegratedwithappropriateneonatal
and post-neonatal medical and nutritional care for preterm
and small for gestational age infants. Evidence is growing
on recommendations for nutritional and medical care for
high-risk infants (see Box 1) (18, 19).
Besides improved access to and quality of care, other
determinants of low birth weight have to be addressed
(28, 29). Culturally appropriate care and gender-sensitive
interventions are essential to reach women who face
greaterbarriersinaccesstohealthcare.Theimplementation
of evidence-informed interventions to tackle low birth
weight will be more effective and have a greater impact on
health equity if implementation is fuelled by collaboration
among programmes and sectors. All programmes should
be cognisant of the beliefs and preferences of women with
respect to their health, the unbalanced gender relations
and power distribution between women and men, and
the inequalities between groups of women with respect to
race, ethnicity and residential segregation (28–32).
The scale-up of interventions should be a rigorous and
evidence-basedprocess,whetheritistheexpansionofapilot
or small project, or the intensification and enlargement of a
majorprogramme.Scalingupshouldimplydeliberateefforts
toincreasetheimpactofsuccessfullytestedinnovations(33),
so that more populations can benefit from these impacts.
Gates/Frederic Courbet
4. 4
Box 1: Evidence-informed interventions to prevent low birth weight, its components
(preterm birth and small for gestational age) and their associated morbidity and mortality,
with emphasis on community settings (22–25)
Interventions at country/regional level
• Support for women’s empowerment and educational attainment
• Social protection systems (e.g. cash-transfer programmes) for improving health-care visits
• Food-distribution systems for subpopulations at risk of food insecurity
• Improvement of clean and adequate water, sanitation and hygiene
• Support for national salt-iodization programmes, to ensure that salt consumed by households is adequately
iodized (for which there are new guidelines harmonizing iodine levels with reductions in salt consumption (26)
• Improvement in facility-based perinatal care in regions with low coverage
• Universal simplified perinatal data-collection system with electronic feedback systems
Interventions at community level
• Adequate nutrition for adolescent girls
• Promotion of smoking cessation during and after pregnancy
• Community-based packages of care, to improve linkage and referral for facility births
• Intermittent iron and folic acid supplements for women of reproductive age and adolescent girls, in settings
where the prevalence of anaemia is 20% or higher
• Prevention of malaria during pregnancy
Pre-pregnancy interventions
• Birth spacing
• Peri-conceptional daily folic acid supplementation for reduction of congenital anomalies
• Promotion of smoking cessation
Antenatal care interventions for all women
• Fetal growth monitoring and neonatal size evaluation at all levels of care, integrated into the WHO new
antenatal care model (27)
• Daily iron and folic acid supplements for women during pregnancy
• Decrease in non-medically indicated caesarean delivery and induction
• Promotion of smoking cessation
Antenatal care interventions to selected women
• Balanced protein–energy supplementation
• Daily calcium supplementation for women in settings with low calcium intake
• Uterine cervical cerclage (or cervical stitch) in women with previous preterm birth and short cervix
• Antiplatelet agents before 16 weeks for women at risk of pre-eclampsia
• Progesterone therapy for women at risk of preterm birth
• Antenatal single-dose corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturity in women in early initiation of labour
• Antibiotic treatment for women with bacterial vaginosis and asymptomatic bacteriuria
• Interventionist care in severe pre-eclampsia before term
5. 5
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was coordinated by the Evidence and Programme Guidance Unit, Department of Nutrition for Health and
Development, WHO. WHO would like to acknowledge contributions from the following individuals (in alphabetical
order): Dr Francesco Branca, Dr Luz Maria De-Regil, Ms Kaia Engesveen, Dr Maria Nieves Garcia-Casal, Dr Stephen
Kennedy, Dr Lia Lombardo, Mr Jason Montez, Dr Chizuru Nishida, Dr Erika Ota, Dr Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas, Dr Lisa Rogers,
Dr Özge Tuncalp, Dr Jose Villar and Mr Gerardo Zamora. WHO would also like to thank 1,000 Days for their technical
support, especially Rebecca Olson.
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
WHO would like to thank the Micronutrient Initiative and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for providing financial
support for this work.
SUGGESTED CITATION
WHO. Global nutrition targets 2025: low birth weight policy brief (WHO/NMH/NHD/14.5). Geneva: World Health
Organization; 2014.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION NUTRITION TRACKING TOOL
To assist countries in setting national targets to achieve the global goals – and tracking their progress toward
them – WHO’s Department of Nutrition for Health and Development and partners have developed a web-based
tracking tool that allows users to explore different scenarios to achieve the rates of progress required to meet the
2025 targets. The tool can be accessed at www.who.int/nutrition/trackingtool (34).
Ingimage/ 02H81059
7. 7
30. Vettore MV, Gama SGN da, Lamarca G de A, Schilithz AOC, Leal M do C.
Housing conditions as a social determinant of low birthweight and
preterm low birthweight. Rev Saúde Pública. 2010;44(6):1021–31.
31. Women and health: today’s evidence tomorrow’s agenda. Geneva:
World Health Organization; 2009 (http://whqlibdoc.who.int/
publications/2009/9789241563857_eng.pdf?ua=1, accessed 13
October 2014).
32. Azenha GS, Parsons-Perez C, Goltz S, Bhadelia A, Durstine A, Knaul F et
al. Recommendations towards an integrated, life-course approach to
women’s health in the post-2015 agenda. Bull World Health Organ. 2013
Sep 1;91(9):704–6. doi:10.2471/BLT.13.117622.
33. WHO, ExpandNet. Nine steps for developing a scaling-up strategy.
Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010 (http://whqlibdoc.who.int/
publications/2010/9789241500319_eng.pdf, accessed 13 October
2014).
34. World Health Organization. Global targets tracking tool (http://www.who.
int/nutrition/trackingtool, accessed 6 October 2014).
WHO /Petterik Wiggers
8. 8
For more information, please contact:
Department of Nutrition for Health and Development
World Health Organization
Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
Fax: +41 22 791 4156
Email: nutrition@who.int
www.who.int/nutrition