Many states began to be united by marriage alliances and by conquest, creating great powers. The Catholic Kings unified the Iberian peninsula except Portugal, and later Spain became the dominant power under Charles I and Philip II. After the Hundred Years War, French monarchs from Charles VII to Francis I stabilized and consolidated their control over France until religious wars erupted.

1. Many states began to be united by marriage alliances
and by conquest, Consequently great powers were created
The Catholic Kings unified all
the Iberian peninsula, excerpt
Portugal , Later Spain would
be the hegemonic country in
the world during Carlos I and
Philip II
After the Hundred
Years war , French
monarchs from
Charles VII to Francis
I Valois united the
country and
consolidated their
power. So France
lived a short period
of political and social
stability until religious
wars .

2. The Two Roses War
• During the 15th century the nobility in
England was divided over a big
conflict about who should inherit the
throne of England.
• There were two families who thought
they should get to rule:
The house of Lancaster and the
house of York.
• The families of Lancaster and York
fought bitterly to gain control of the
throne. It was called the War of the
Two Roses because the house of
Lancaster was symbolized by a red
rose, and the house of York was
symbolized by a white rose.

3. The Two Roses War
• The fighting began in the mid-15th
century when Henry V, of the
Lancaster family, died, leaving as
heir to the throne Henry VI, who
was just a baby. Richard, the Duke
of York, challenged Henry VI’s right
to the throne and the long period of
conflict began.
• The war finally ended when Henry
VII, of Lancaster, gained control of
the throne and married Elizabeth of
York to unite the two houses.
Henry VII began using the single
red and white Tudor Rose to
symbolize the union of the country
and the end of the fighting.

4. Who was
Henry VIII?
And why
did he
have 6
wives?

5. The Tudors
• The Tudors were a royal
family who ruled
England from 1485 until
1603.
• The first Tudor king
was called Henry VII.
• He fought another king,
Richard III, at the
Battle of Bosworth in
1485. Richard was
killed, Henry became
king, and a new period
of history began. Henry VII

6. The Tudors
This is the Tudor family tree. It shows when people were born,
when they died, who they married and how many children they
had.

7. Henry VIII
• Henry VIII was king of
England from 1509 until
1547.
• He was born in 1491, and
was only 17 years and 10
months old when he
became king.
• Henry composed music,
which we can listen to at
http://www.brims.co.uk/tudors/henry.html
Henry VIII

8. A description of Henry, by an Italian called Giustinian
H is m sty is twnty-nine y ars o and e tre e handso e
aje e e ld, x mly m.
N atu co ld no hav do mre fo him H e is mch
re u t e ne o r . u
handso e than any o r so e ig in Christe m a gre
mr the v re n ndo ; at
de handso e the the K ing o F rance v ry fair, and
al mr n f ; e
his w le fram adm
ho e irably pro rtio d. On he
po ne aring that
F rancis I ( the K ing o F rance wre a be
f ) o ard, he
allo e his o n to g w and as it is re
wd w ro ; ddish, he has no w
go a be that loks like go
t ard o ld. H e is v ry acco plishe
e m d;
a god msician; co po s wll; is a mst capital ho m
o u m se e o rse an;
a fine jo ste spe g o F re L atin and S panish; is
u r; aks od nch,
v ry re u he thre m s daily w n he hu and
e ligio s; ars e asse he nts,
so e e fiv o o r days. H e is v ry fo o hu ,
mtims e n the e nd f nting
and ne e take his div rsio w u tiring 8 o 1 ho s.
vr s e n itho t r 0 rse
H e is e tre e fo o te
x mly nd f nnis, at w gam it is the
hich e
pre st thing in the wrld to se him play, his fair skin
ttie o e

9. Look again at this picture of Henry. How would
you describe him now? Is he still young and
handsome?
Describe the
expression on
his face.
How old do
you think he
is?
What is Henry
How can you tell he trying to tell us
is an important about himself in this
person? portrait?
Do you think
What sort of that Henry
clothes is he
wearing? really looked
like this?

10. Henry and his wives
• In England, the crown is passed from the
parent to the child when the parent dies.
Henry was desperate to have a son to pass
the crown on to.
• In order to have children, Henry had to find
himself a wife. But he married not once, not
twice, but SIX times!!
• Some of these wives died, some he divorced,
some he had killed and one survived him. Let’s
have a look at these wives in more detail.

11. Wife Number 1
Catherine of Aragon
• Henry married
Catherine of
Aragon in 1509.
• Catherine was a
Spanish princess.
• They had one
daughter, Mary,
who later became
Queen of England.
• Henryhappened? Mary
What divorced
Catherine.
Catherine of Aragon

12. Wife Number 2
Anne Boleyn
• Next, Henry fell for
Anne Boleyn.
• Henry and Anne were
married in 1533 in
secret – because
Henry hadn’t got rid
of his first wife yet!
• They had a daughter,
Elizabeth, who also Elizabeth
later became a
Queen of England.
• Henry happened?
What had Anne
beheaded. Anne Boleyn

13. Wife Number 3
Jane Seymour
• After getting rid of
Anne, Henry married
Jane Seymour in
1536.
• Jane finally gave
Henry the son he so
wanted – Edward.
• Unfortunately,
Edward died when he Edward
was just 16.
• Jane died after
What happened?
giving birth to
Jane Seymour
Edward.

14. Wife Number 4
Anne of Cleves
• After Jane died, Henry
sent a painter, Holbein,
to Germany in 1540 to
paint a picture of Anne
of Cleves.
• He thought she looked
very pretty, but when
he saw her he hated
her!
• He thought she was very
ugly, and called her the
“Flanders Mare”.
• They had no children.
• Henry divorced Anne.
What happened?
Anne of Cleves

15. Wife Number 5
Catherine Howard
• Next came Catherine
Howard.
• She married Henry in
1540.
• They had no children,
mainly because she
didn’t like Henry and
had lots of other
boyfriends!
• Henry wasn’t very happy
about this, and she was
What happened?
beheaded in 1542.
Catherine Howard

16. Wife Number 6
Catherine Parr
• Henry married his final
wife in 1543.
• She is supposed to have
been very nice and kind,
and Henry seems to have
been quite happy with
her.
• They had no children, but
stayed married.
• Catherine Parr outlived
Henry What happened?1547,
– he died in
while she lived until 1548. Catherine Parr

17. One king.
Six wives.
Three children.
WHY?