This document provides biographical information about the prophet Muhammad. It describes how he was born in 570 CE in Makkah to a noble family from the Quraysh tribe. It discusses how he became orphaned at a young age and was raised by his grandfather and uncle. As an adult, he worked as a merchant and married Khadijah. The document then describes the first revelation Muhammad received from Gabriel at age 40, and how his wife Khadijah and friend Abu Bakr immediately believed him. It provides context about prophecies in Jewish and Christian scriptures that pointed to Muhammad.
This document provides an overview of the life and teachings of Muhammad. It summarizes that before Muhammad, societies lacked moral guidance and faced issues like oppression of women and economic exploitation, but that after Muhammad provided revelation from God, societies established justice, equality and human rights. It highlights some of Muhammad's teachings regarding kindness, justice, women's rights, and establishing a society based on divine rather than human desires. The document argues that following Muhammad's guidance could help address today's problems and benefit all of humanity.
This document contains summaries of views from several non-Muslim scholars about the Prophet Muhammad. It provides quotes praising Muhammad's character, the endurance and success of the Islamic faith and religion, and Muhammad's influence on history. Scholars highlighted Muhammad's moral virtues, the rationality and simplicity of Islam's core beliefs, and how Muhammad established both a spiritual and political nation through sheer moral force without an army. Overall, the non-Muslim opinions expressed admiration for Muhammad and acknowledged his tremendous impact.
1) The document provides context on the origins and early teachings of Islam through summaries of key events and passages from the Quran and Hadith.
2) It describes pre-Islamic Arabia with its polytheistic traditions and monotheistic influences from Jews and Christians, and the birth of Muhammad in Mecca in 570 CE.
3) Muhammad began receiving revelations from God through the Angel Gabriel in 610 CE, marking the beginning of Islam and its core belief in one God. Despite persecution, the new faith slowly spread.
The document examines sources of Islam and the Quran, finding evidence that significant parts were derived from existing human sources available during Muhammad's time. It identifies influences from pre-Islamic Arabian religion including worship at the Kaaba, pilgrimages, fasting during Ramadan, and daily prayers. Jewish sources are also identified such as stories of biblical figures, legends, and the Talmud. Christian sources include apocryphal gospels and heretical writings. The document concludes that if parts of the Quran can be shown to be derived from human rather than divine sources, then Islam's great claims collapse.
1) Prophets were sent by God as perfect models of humanity to guide people towards virtue and righteousness and away from tyranny and ignorance.
2) While many historical figures left their mark, such as conquerors, philosophers, and poets, none provided a practical model of moral behavior and rectitude that could solve humanity's social and spiritual problems.
3) In contrast, the prophets, through their teachings and lives, established examples of goodness, justice, and piety that addressed humanity's ills and that could guide people for all time.
The document provides biographical information about the prophet Muhammad. It describes his birth and upbringing in Mecca as an orphan cared for by his grandfather and uncle. It outlines his moral character and teachings promoting equality, justice, knowledge, and women's rights. It discusses the divine revelations he received from God through the archangel Gabriel and his mission to spread Islam's teachings despite facing opposition from other religions in Arabia.
The document summarizes the rise of Islam. It describes how the religion was founded in 610 AD by the prophet Muhammad in Mecca and spread across the Arabian Peninsula and beyond through military conquests under the first four caliphs. The Muslim empire grew rapidly to span over 6000 miles due to factors like disciplined armies and allowing conquered peoples to keep their faith if they paid a tax. However, internal divisions later emerged between the Sunni and Shia over who should lead the Muslim community after Muhammad.
This document provides an overview of the life and teachings of Muhammad. It summarizes that before Muhammad, societies lacked moral guidance and faced issues like oppression of women and economic exploitation, but that after Muhammad provided revelation from God, societies established justice, equality and human rights. It highlights some of Muhammad's teachings regarding kindness, justice, women's rights, and establishing a society based on divine rather than human desires. The document argues that following Muhammad's guidance could help address today's problems and benefit all of humanity.
This document contains summaries of views from several non-Muslim scholars about the Prophet Muhammad. It provides quotes praising Muhammad's character, the endurance and success of the Islamic faith and religion, and Muhammad's influence on history. Scholars highlighted Muhammad's moral virtues, the rationality and simplicity of Islam's core beliefs, and how Muhammad established both a spiritual and political nation through sheer moral force without an army. Overall, the non-Muslim opinions expressed admiration for Muhammad and acknowledged his tremendous impact.
1) The document provides context on the origins and early teachings of Islam through summaries of key events and passages from the Quran and Hadith.
2) It describes pre-Islamic Arabia with its polytheistic traditions and monotheistic influences from Jews and Christians, and the birth of Muhammad in Mecca in 570 CE.
3) Muhammad began receiving revelations from God through the Angel Gabriel in 610 CE, marking the beginning of Islam and its core belief in one God. Despite persecution, the new faith slowly spread.
The document examines sources of Islam and the Quran, finding evidence that significant parts were derived from existing human sources available during Muhammad's time. It identifies influences from pre-Islamic Arabian religion including worship at the Kaaba, pilgrimages, fasting during Ramadan, and daily prayers. Jewish sources are also identified such as stories of biblical figures, legends, and the Talmud. Christian sources include apocryphal gospels and heretical writings. The document concludes that if parts of the Quran can be shown to be derived from human rather than divine sources, then Islam's great claims collapse.
1) Prophets were sent by God as perfect models of humanity to guide people towards virtue and righteousness and away from tyranny and ignorance.
2) While many historical figures left their mark, such as conquerors, philosophers, and poets, none provided a practical model of moral behavior and rectitude that could solve humanity's social and spiritual problems.
3) In contrast, the prophets, through their teachings and lives, established examples of goodness, justice, and piety that addressed humanity's ills and that could guide people for all time.
The document provides biographical information about the prophet Muhammad. It describes his birth and upbringing in Mecca as an orphan cared for by his grandfather and uncle. It outlines his moral character and teachings promoting equality, justice, knowledge, and women's rights. It discusses the divine revelations he received from God through the archangel Gabriel and his mission to spread Islam's teachings despite facing opposition from other religions in Arabia.
The document summarizes the rise of Islam. It describes how the religion was founded in 610 AD by the prophet Muhammad in Mecca and spread across the Arabian Peninsula and beyond through military conquests under the first four caliphs. The Muslim empire grew rapidly to span over 6000 miles due to factors like disciplined armies and allowing conquered peoples to keep their faith if they paid a tax. However, internal divisions later emerged between the Sunni and Shia over who should lead the Muslim community after Muhammad.
Muhammad spread the beliefs and practices of Islam through conquest. His successors built an empire stretching from Spain to India. In the 7th century, a split created the Sunni and Shiite sects of Islam. The nomadic Arabs originated from the Arabian Peninsula and organized into tribes. Muhammad received revelations from God through the angel Gabriel and founded Islam, with beliefs including monotheism, following the Five Pillars of Islam, and adhering to Sharia law.
The document summarizes the origins and key beliefs of Islam. It describes how Muhammad founded the religion in Mecca in the 6th century after experiencing visions from the angel Gabriel. His teachings, based on strict monotheism and the Five Pillars of Islam, spread rapidly across Arabia and beyond due to military conquests. After Muhammad's death, leadership passed to a succession of caliphs, first under the Umayyad and later the Abbasid dynasties, though a minority Shi'ite faction believed leadership should remain within Muhammad's bloodline.
The document provides an introduction to the life and teachings of Muhammad, the last prophet in Islam. It summarizes that Muhammad brought monotheistic worship of God and moral teachings that liberated society, established justice and rights for women, and created a just social system. It encourages learning more about Muhammad's guidance to gain success in this life and the next. The summary highlights the core message that Muhammad restored true worship of God and established a righteous society through divine revelation and exemplary leadership.
Mohammed and the Rise of Islam
The document summarizes the origins and rise of Islam through its founder Mohammed. It describes how Mohammed began receiving revelations in Mecca in the 6th century AD and faced opposition from local tribes as he preached monotheism. He eventually fled to Medina in 622 and formed the first Muslim community. Over time, Islam expanded rapidly through military conquests led by Mohammed's successors across the Middle East, North Africa, and into Europe and Asia. The document outlines the key beliefs and practices of Islam including the Five Pillars and sources of Islamic law like the Quran and hadith. It also describes the ongoing split between Sunni and Shia Muslims over the rightful
The document discusses the origins and spread of Islam. It began in the 7th century CE in Mecca under the prophet Muhammad. Key beliefs include the oneness of God and Muhammad as his prophet. Islam spread rapidly through trade routes across the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia in its first few centuries, aided by concepts like jihad and the five pillars of faith. Major cities in the early Islamic empire included Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem.
The document summarizes the rise of Islam beginning with conditions in Arabia prior to Muhammad. It describes Muhammad's early life and religious experiences, including his first revelations from God. It then discusses how Muhammad spread the message of Islam in Mecca and Medina, and the establishment of the religion's core beliefs and practices. The expansion of Islamic rule through military conquests and trade is also summarized.
The document provides an overview of the rise of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula. It describes how the region was an important crossroads for trade and the sharing of ideas. It discusses the Bedouin nomads and the important trading towns like Mecca. It outlines the life of the Prophet Muhammad, including his revelations and the migration to Medina to escape persecution. It then summarizes the key beliefs and practices of Islam, including the Five Pillars and sources of religious authority and law in the Quran and hadith.
The document provides information about symbols, holy sites, and history associated with Islam. The crescent and star symbols represent progress and knowledge in Islam and are found on many Muslim nation flags. Jerusalem contains some of the most sacred sites for Islam, Judaism, and Christianity, such as the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque. The story of Abraham is foundational to both Judaism and Islam as he is considered the father of both Jewish and Arab peoples through his sons Isaac and Ishmael.
1) Early Arabs were nomadic tribes who lived in the Arabian Peninsula and organized into independent tribes to help each other survive in the hostile desert environment.
2) After domesticating camels, Arabs expanded caravan trade between the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean regions. They traced their ancestry to Abraham and Ishmael and revered the Kaaba shrine in Mecca.
3) Muhammad emerged in the 7th century preaching monotheism and calling the Arabs to submit to God. After his death, the new Muslim nation expanded the Arab Empire across North Africa and Spain under early caliphs.
This historical atlas provides a concise overview of the history and spread of Islam from the 7th century to present day. It covers the foundational beliefs and practices of Islam, the expansion of Islamic rule across three continents in the centuries following Muhammad's mission, and the development of major Islamic empires like the Abbasids, Fatimids, Ottomans, and Mughals. The atlas also examines the impact of colonialism, the growth of reform movements, and the challenges faced by Muslim communities worldwide in the modern era. Rich in visual maps and timelines, it serves as an indispensable resource for understanding the story of Islamic civilization.
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh): A mercy to all creation!F El Mohdar
The more science and technology advances, the greater is the need for the observance and practice of the teachings and instructions of divine prophets in human societies. This is because science and technology provide only machines and instruments and by no means prevent their misuse by human beings.
The terrible rise in murder, other felonies, corruption, suicide and so forth clearly points to this very fact. If morality, which is a significant part of the teachings of divine prophets, does not prevail and govern in human societies, surely not only will advanced science and technology fail to ensure human peace and prosperity, but they will add to our problems and miseries. For the exploiters and colonialists utilize advanced technology and sciences for their own satanic purposes. They murder or make homeless millions of human beings as they have always done and trample upon the rights of the weak and the defenseless.
As a matter of fact, the only factor that can halter man's restive soul and control his stormy instincts and passions and thus utilize science and technology for human prosperity and pacific life is true morality, which originates in faith in God.
The moral teachings and precepts of the divine prophets and their moral behavior are the best means of leading man to his ideal life. It goes without saying that both in personal and in social life the observance of moral principles is required of all. However, for those who must lead societies and guide the people, this requirement is much greater, because, first, the one who is the instructor of society must himself be a model of supreme moral behavior and excellent human characteristics, so he will be able to wipe moral decay out of people's hearts and minds. Obviously if he himself is lacking in morality, he will fail to lead the people onto the path of humanity and virtue.
Second, the responsibility of leading human societies is so great and crucial that no one can successfully perform it unless he has perfect morals. For this reason, God selected his prophets from among those who possessed exalted spirits, great tolerance, extraordinary patience, and other excellent moral characteristics. It was with this weapon of morality that divine prophets overturned the debased societies that were plunged in corruption and led the ignorant people who had gone astray onto the path of virtue and salvation.
In the Glorious Qur'an, Almighty God has addressed the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh): "Thus it is due to mercy from God that you deal with them gently, and had you been rough, hard-hearted, they would certainly have dispersed from around you." (3:159)
The sublime celestial morals of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) brought about the waves of the revolution of Islam first in Arabian society and afterwards all over the world. In the light of this all-embracing spiritual and intellectual resurrection, dispersion turned into unity, unchastity into chastity and virtue, idleness into hard work and industry, selfishness to altruism, and Arab arrogance to modesty and affection. Men and women were thus trained to become models of good moral behavior and have altruistic manners forever. The morals of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) were so sublime and praiseworthy that Almighty God has regarded them as great. "And truly you (Muhammad) possess great morals." (68:4)
The document provides an overview of the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. It describes how he established a just society and introduced reforms that improved women's rights and social conditions. It highlights his virtues of humility, generosity and promotion of equality and brotherhood. The document asserts that following his guidance can solve today's problems and set humanity on the right course.
These are the complete notes of 9th class english The saviour of mankind . These notes are provided by AlQalam Coaching Center. Translations and question & answers are solved in these notes. These notes are very fruitful for the FBISE and all other boards of the Punjab Province
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) mercy for mankindJust Helping
This document provides information about the life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It discusses how he transformed barbaric Arab tribes into a powerful, civilized nation through his message of monotheism, morality, equality and peace. It highlights how he established rights for women and slaves centuries before other societies. It also notes how he practiced exemplary forgiveness, uniting all of humanity under the principle of universal brotherhood. The document aims to correct misconceptions about Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and convey his true message of mercy, justice and compassion for all mankind.
1) Early Arabs were nomadic tribes who lived in the Arabian Peninsula and organized into independent tribes to help each other survive in the hostile desert environment.
2) After domesticating camels, Arabs expanded caravan trade between the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean regions.
3) Arabs traced their ancestry to Abraham and Ishmael and revered the Kaaba shrine in Mecca that was believed to have been built by them.
Muhammad was the final prophet and messenger of God. He taught monotheism, justice, equality and morality, transforming societies for the better. Through his teachings and exemplary life, he established prosperous, just and peaceful communities and provided a lasting solution for human problems. His message continues to guide over a billion followers today.
The document provides biographical details about the early life of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam:
- Muhammad was born in 570 AD in Mecca and became an orphan as a child, being raised by his grandfather and uncle. As a young adult, he worked as a merchant and married Khadijah.
- In 610 AD, while meditating in a cave, Muhammad began receiving revelations from God that became verses of the Quran. He began preaching monotheism, rejecting traditional Meccan polytheism.
- Persecuted by the Quraysh tribe, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina in 622 AD, establishing the first Muslim community. From there, Muhammad consolidated
The document provides details about the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It discusses his birth and upbringing in Mecca, his marriage to Khadija, the start of divine revelations at age 40 while meditating in a cave, and his mission to spread the message of Islam and monotheism despite facing opposition from polytheists in Mecca.
1) Muhammad was orphaned as a child and raised by his uncle. He worked as a merchant and shepherd and often retreated to a cave for prayer and reflection.
2) At age 40 while in the cave, Muhammad received his first revelation from God delivered by the archangel Gabriel, marking the beginning of his prophetic career.
3) Islam originated from divine guidance revealed to Muhammad, who Muslims see as the final prophet sent by God and the sole source of Islamic teachings and practices.
Muhammad (pbuh) became a prophet and messenger of God through revelations from the Angel Gabriel over 23 years. At age 40, while meditating in a cave, Muhammad received his first revelation from God. He faced persecution for preaching the truths revealed to him but was eventually able to establish Islam in Arabia before his death at age 63.
Muhammad spread the beliefs and practices of Islam through conquest. His successors built an empire stretching from Spain to India. In the 7th century, a split created the Sunni and Shiite sects of Islam. The nomadic Arabs originated from the Arabian Peninsula and organized into tribes. Muhammad received revelations from God through the angel Gabriel and founded Islam, with beliefs including monotheism, following the Five Pillars of Islam, and adhering to Sharia law.
The document summarizes the origins and key beliefs of Islam. It describes how Muhammad founded the religion in Mecca in the 6th century after experiencing visions from the angel Gabriel. His teachings, based on strict monotheism and the Five Pillars of Islam, spread rapidly across Arabia and beyond due to military conquests. After Muhammad's death, leadership passed to a succession of caliphs, first under the Umayyad and later the Abbasid dynasties, though a minority Shi'ite faction believed leadership should remain within Muhammad's bloodline.
The document provides an introduction to the life and teachings of Muhammad, the last prophet in Islam. It summarizes that Muhammad brought monotheistic worship of God and moral teachings that liberated society, established justice and rights for women, and created a just social system. It encourages learning more about Muhammad's guidance to gain success in this life and the next. The summary highlights the core message that Muhammad restored true worship of God and established a righteous society through divine revelation and exemplary leadership.
Mohammed and the Rise of Islam
The document summarizes the origins and rise of Islam through its founder Mohammed. It describes how Mohammed began receiving revelations in Mecca in the 6th century AD and faced opposition from local tribes as he preached monotheism. He eventually fled to Medina in 622 and formed the first Muslim community. Over time, Islam expanded rapidly through military conquests led by Mohammed's successors across the Middle East, North Africa, and into Europe and Asia. The document outlines the key beliefs and practices of Islam including the Five Pillars and sources of Islamic law like the Quran and hadith. It also describes the ongoing split between Sunni and Shia Muslims over the rightful
The document discusses the origins and spread of Islam. It began in the 7th century CE in Mecca under the prophet Muhammad. Key beliefs include the oneness of God and Muhammad as his prophet. Islam spread rapidly through trade routes across the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia in its first few centuries, aided by concepts like jihad and the five pillars of faith. Major cities in the early Islamic empire included Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem.
The document summarizes the rise of Islam beginning with conditions in Arabia prior to Muhammad. It describes Muhammad's early life and religious experiences, including his first revelations from God. It then discusses how Muhammad spread the message of Islam in Mecca and Medina, and the establishment of the religion's core beliefs and practices. The expansion of Islamic rule through military conquests and trade is also summarized.
The document provides an overview of the rise of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula. It describes how the region was an important crossroads for trade and the sharing of ideas. It discusses the Bedouin nomads and the important trading towns like Mecca. It outlines the life of the Prophet Muhammad, including his revelations and the migration to Medina to escape persecution. It then summarizes the key beliefs and practices of Islam, including the Five Pillars and sources of religious authority and law in the Quran and hadith.
The document provides information about symbols, holy sites, and history associated with Islam. The crescent and star symbols represent progress and knowledge in Islam and are found on many Muslim nation flags. Jerusalem contains some of the most sacred sites for Islam, Judaism, and Christianity, such as the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque. The story of Abraham is foundational to both Judaism and Islam as he is considered the father of both Jewish and Arab peoples through his sons Isaac and Ishmael.
1) Early Arabs were nomadic tribes who lived in the Arabian Peninsula and organized into independent tribes to help each other survive in the hostile desert environment.
2) After domesticating camels, Arabs expanded caravan trade between the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean regions. They traced their ancestry to Abraham and Ishmael and revered the Kaaba shrine in Mecca.
3) Muhammad emerged in the 7th century preaching monotheism and calling the Arabs to submit to God. After his death, the new Muslim nation expanded the Arab Empire across North Africa and Spain under early caliphs.
This historical atlas provides a concise overview of the history and spread of Islam from the 7th century to present day. It covers the foundational beliefs and practices of Islam, the expansion of Islamic rule across three continents in the centuries following Muhammad's mission, and the development of major Islamic empires like the Abbasids, Fatimids, Ottomans, and Mughals. The atlas also examines the impact of colonialism, the growth of reform movements, and the challenges faced by Muslim communities worldwide in the modern era. Rich in visual maps and timelines, it serves as an indispensable resource for understanding the story of Islamic civilization.
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh): A mercy to all creation!F El Mohdar
The more science and technology advances, the greater is the need for the observance and practice of the teachings and instructions of divine prophets in human societies. This is because science and technology provide only machines and instruments and by no means prevent their misuse by human beings.
The terrible rise in murder, other felonies, corruption, suicide and so forth clearly points to this very fact. If morality, which is a significant part of the teachings of divine prophets, does not prevail and govern in human societies, surely not only will advanced science and technology fail to ensure human peace and prosperity, but they will add to our problems and miseries. For the exploiters and colonialists utilize advanced technology and sciences for their own satanic purposes. They murder or make homeless millions of human beings as they have always done and trample upon the rights of the weak and the defenseless.
As a matter of fact, the only factor that can halter man's restive soul and control his stormy instincts and passions and thus utilize science and technology for human prosperity and pacific life is true morality, which originates in faith in God.
The moral teachings and precepts of the divine prophets and their moral behavior are the best means of leading man to his ideal life. It goes without saying that both in personal and in social life the observance of moral principles is required of all. However, for those who must lead societies and guide the people, this requirement is much greater, because, first, the one who is the instructor of society must himself be a model of supreme moral behavior and excellent human characteristics, so he will be able to wipe moral decay out of people's hearts and minds. Obviously if he himself is lacking in morality, he will fail to lead the people onto the path of humanity and virtue.
Second, the responsibility of leading human societies is so great and crucial that no one can successfully perform it unless he has perfect morals. For this reason, God selected his prophets from among those who possessed exalted spirits, great tolerance, extraordinary patience, and other excellent moral characteristics. It was with this weapon of morality that divine prophets overturned the debased societies that were plunged in corruption and led the ignorant people who had gone astray onto the path of virtue and salvation.
In the Glorious Qur'an, Almighty God has addressed the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh): "Thus it is due to mercy from God that you deal with them gently, and had you been rough, hard-hearted, they would certainly have dispersed from around you." (3:159)
The sublime celestial morals of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) brought about the waves of the revolution of Islam first in Arabian society and afterwards all over the world. In the light of this all-embracing spiritual and intellectual resurrection, dispersion turned into unity, unchastity into chastity and virtue, idleness into hard work and industry, selfishness to altruism, and Arab arrogance to modesty and affection. Men and women were thus trained to become models of good moral behavior and have altruistic manners forever. The morals of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) were so sublime and praiseworthy that Almighty God has regarded them as great. "And truly you (Muhammad) possess great morals." (68:4)
The document provides an overview of the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. It describes how he established a just society and introduced reforms that improved women's rights and social conditions. It highlights his virtues of humility, generosity and promotion of equality and brotherhood. The document asserts that following his guidance can solve today's problems and set humanity on the right course.
These are the complete notes of 9th class english The saviour of mankind . These notes are provided by AlQalam Coaching Center. Translations and question & answers are solved in these notes. These notes are very fruitful for the FBISE and all other boards of the Punjab Province
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) mercy for mankindJust Helping
This document provides information about the life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It discusses how he transformed barbaric Arab tribes into a powerful, civilized nation through his message of monotheism, morality, equality and peace. It highlights how he established rights for women and slaves centuries before other societies. It also notes how he practiced exemplary forgiveness, uniting all of humanity under the principle of universal brotherhood. The document aims to correct misconceptions about Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and convey his true message of mercy, justice and compassion for all mankind.
1) Early Arabs were nomadic tribes who lived in the Arabian Peninsula and organized into independent tribes to help each other survive in the hostile desert environment.
2) After domesticating camels, Arabs expanded caravan trade between the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean regions.
3) Arabs traced their ancestry to Abraham and Ishmael and revered the Kaaba shrine in Mecca that was believed to have been built by them.
Muhammad was the final prophet and messenger of God. He taught monotheism, justice, equality and morality, transforming societies for the better. Through his teachings and exemplary life, he established prosperous, just and peaceful communities and provided a lasting solution for human problems. His message continues to guide over a billion followers today.
The document provides biographical details about the early life of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam:
- Muhammad was born in 570 AD in Mecca and became an orphan as a child, being raised by his grandfather and uncle. As a young adult, he worked as a merchant and married Khadijah.
- In 610 AD, while meditating in a cave, Muhammad began receiving revelations from God that became verses of the Quran. He began preaching monotheism, rejecting traditional Meccan polytheism.
- Persecuted by the Quraysh tribe, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina in 622 AD, establishing the first Muslim community. From there, Muhammad consolidated
The document provides details about the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It discusses his birth and upbringing in Mecca, his marriage to Khadija, the start of divine revelations at age 40 while meditating in a cave, and his mission to spread the message of Islam and monotheism despite facing opposition from polytheists in Mecca.
1) Muhammad was orphaned as a child and raised by his uncle. He worked as a merchant and shepherd and often retreated to a cave for prayer and reflection.
2) At age 40 while in the cave, Muhammad received his first revelation from God delivered by the archangel Gabriel, marking the beginning of his prophetic career.
3) Islam originated from divine guidance revealed to Muhammad, who Muslims see as the final prophet sent by God and the sole source of Islamic teachings and practices.
Muhammad (pbuh) became a prophet and messenger of God through revelations from the Angel Gabriel over 23 years. At age 40, while meditating in a cave, Muhammad received his first revelation from God. He faced persecution for preaching the truths revealed to him but was eventually able to establish Islam in Arabia before his death at age 63.
The document provides an overview of the key beliefs and practices in Islam. It discusses that Islam is a monotheistic religion founded on a belief in one God. The five pillars of Islam are identified as the declaration of faith, prayer, charity, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca. Important figures in Islam like the Prophet Muhammad and sites like the Kaaba in Mecca are described. Core Islamic scriptures like the Quran and hadiths are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of Islam, including its core beliefs and practices. It discusses that Islam is a monotheistic faith followed by over 1 billion people worldwide. The five pillars of Islam are outlined as the framework of the Muslim life: the declaration of faith (Shahada), prayer (Salah), almsgiving (Zakat), fasting during Ramadan (Sawm), and the pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). Key figures in Islam such as the Prophet Muhammad and important sites like the Kaaba in Mecca are also described.
This document provides an overview of some core beliefs and practices in Islam. It discusses that Islam is a monotheistic religion founded on a belief in one God and that Muslims believe God revealed messages through prophets including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad. It explains that Muslims follow the Five Pillars of Islam which include the shahadah (declaration of faith), salat (prayer), zakat (charity), sawm (fasting), and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). The document also provides context on the Quran and hadith as sacred texts in Islam and discusses some key figures and places of importance such as Muhammad and the Kaaba.
What They Say About Muhammad Salla Allahu Alaihi Wa SallamF El Mohdar
Muhammad is described as an extraordinary man who:
1) Founded one of the world's major religions and built empires that spread from Arabia to large parts of the inhabited world at the time, influencing millions with his teachings.
2) Despite being illiterate, he recited revelations that were profoundly eloquent and persuasive, with a spiritual and intellectual impact that has endured for over twelve centuries.
3) He established a religion marked by a firm belief in the oneness of God and rejection of idolatry, which attracted followers through both the power of its message and the virtue and reasonableness of its founder.
1) Islam is a monotheistic religion that originated with the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, and encompasses both religious and social practices for its over 1 billion adherents worldwide.
2) The five pillars of Islam - the declaration of faith, daily prayers, almsgiving, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca - form the framework of the Muslim way of life.
3) Muslims believe in one God and that Muhammad is the final prophet, and the Quran contains God's revelations to humanity. Respect and tolerance for other faiths is emphasized in Islamic teachings.
The document provides a summary of the life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in 3 parts:
1) It describes his birth and early life as an orphan in Makkah, his work as a merchant, and his marriage to Khadijah.
2) It discusses his receiving of the first revelation from Gabriel at age 40 and his 23 years of receiving revelations that were later compiled into the Quran. He faced challenges from Makkan leaders as he spread the message of Islam.
3) It outlines some key later events including his migration to Madinah to escape persecution, treatments of envoys in Madinah, the liberation of Makkah, and his farewell
This document provides an overview of key beliefs and practices in Islam. It discusses that Islam is a monotheistic faith followed by over 1.5 billion people worldwide. The five pillars of Islam are the framework of the Muslim life and consist of the declaration of faith, prayer, concern for the needy, self-purification, and pilgrimage to Mecca. Muslims consider Jesus as one of the greatest prophets and messengers of God, though they do not believe he was divine. The Quran and teachings of Muhammad known as the Hadith are the primary sacred sources of Islamic scripture and law.
The document provides an overview of the origins and spread of the three Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It discusses how Judaism emerged among the Hebrews in Mesopotamia and their migration to Canaan under Abraham. Christianity developed from Judaism based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. Islam emerged in the 7th century AD in Mecca under the prophet Muhammad, incorporating aspects of both earlier faiths. It then spread rapidly through the Middle East, Africa, and Asia in the following centuries through Muslim trade networks and military conquests.
The Wisdom behind the Islamic Laws Regarding Women: A treatise presented for the Fourth United Nations World Conference on Women, held in Beijing, China
Holy Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W) -the-last-prophet-a-model-for-all-timeInvisible_Vision
The Ka'bah in Makkah was originally built by Ibrahim and Isma'il to be dedicated to the worship of Allah alone. Over time, the Arabs had abandoned monotheism and instead worshipped numerous idols. When the Prophet Muhammad was born, the Ka'bah contained over 360 idols and the Quraysh tribe, who were descendants of Ibrahim and guardians of the Ka'bah, had become immersed in idolatry and pagan traditions. Makkah was home to the annual pilgrimage where people would come to worship idols.
Aleidan 1
Bader Aleidan
Prof. Marlene Pearson
English 113B
11/03/2014
(Last Draft, Essay #2)
The Positive Powerful of Islam
Revolution
Islam is the second largest population in this world. From the beginning of Islam history. Before Islam, The Arabs were living a measurable life. They were drinking Alcohol and gambling most of the time. The tribe is called “Quraysh," they located in "Arab Peninsula" which is divided to seven countries. These countries are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman and Yemen in these days. Quraysh were a powerful merchant tribe that controlled Mecca and its Ka'aba. The prophet Mohammed (ص)(peace be up on him,) and his tribe were following their religion. Al-Lat, Al-Uzza and Manat were the daughters of God in their believes. Al-Uzza is one of three the goddesses that people were worshiped in Ma’aka. As Monaghan states that Al-Uzza is the mighty God. Circumambulation was in Quaraysh’s religion; they were parading around Al-Uzza God. “With Al-Lat and Mana¯ t, this goddess composed the ‘‘daughters of Allah.’’ She was considered the most recent of the three, associated with oracular pronouncements. But monotheistic writers connected her, as they did other goddesses, with evil; the early Christian writer Jerome specifically described Uzza as a form of the fallen angel Lucifer,” said Monaghan. Those three Goddesses were the guidance for Quaraysh tribe. The prophet Mohammed (ص) was known the sincere and entrusted. His tribe trusted him. Quaraysh's main god was Hubal. According to The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity, "The Qurayshite pantheon was composed principally of idols that were in the Haram of Makka, that is, Hubal (the most important and oldest deity), Manaf, Isaf, and Na'ila."
However, there was an exceptional person among those barbaric people. Before the message of Islam came, Omar Ibn Al Khattab had the humanity behavior, and he was known for his kinship. The famous families in Mohammed’s (ص) generation did not used to send their children to take care of their supplies because it is hard work under scorching sun and it is far from their city, the used to make their slave to take care of it. However, Omar was taking care of his father’s supplies by his himself. He also, used to bring the firewood and dates to his aunts. He was also, prudent and smart. Quraysh uesed to say him “he is Quraysh's boy, wrestler, ambassador and Quraysh tongue when it comes to war." He was their hero, and his tribe trusted his opinion. On the other hand, Amr ibn Hishām was the prophet’s uncle. When Amr heard about Mohammed’s message, he started to harass the prophet. Their names Omar and Amr are not very different. The prophet made dua’a and he said (In meaning of the prophet’s word) “O God, bless the Islam of one of the two Omares.” That day Amr was going back to his home, while his walking he faced a poor guy and this guy was following Mohammed’s religion, which is Islam. Amr hits this guy as he alwa.
The Wisdom Behind The Islamic Laws Regarding Women _ EnglishAbdullah Baspren
This document is an essay written by Sheikh 'Abdur-Rahman 'Abdul-Khaliq explaining the wisdom behind Islamic laws regarding women. It was prepared for the UN Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China in 1995. The essay discusses how Muhammad is proven to be a true prophet of God through various lines of evidence. It explains that the laws and teachings brought by Muhammad could not have been conceived of through human intellect alone, as Islam provides the perfect moral, legal and spiritual system for humanity. The essay notes how a single verse from the Quran (4:1) calls all of humanity to righteousness and commands kind treatment of women as all humans descend from Adam and Eve.
This document summarizes the rise of Islam in Arabia. It details the life of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, who received revelations from God and taught monotheism. After facing persecution in Mecca, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina, where he became the political and religious leader. Muhammad's followers, called Muslims, began converting more tribes to Islam and raiding caravans traveling to Mecca. By 632 when Muhammad died, much of Arabia had accepted Islam as its dominant faith.
The Land of (Amal) Hope: Discussion of the Prophet Muhammad’s Plan for Islami...islamicjerusalem
The document discusses the Prophet Muhammad's strategic plan for Islamic Jerusalem based on his Night Journey experience. It argues that:
1) The Night Journey provided hope for Muhammad and early Muslims facing persecution, and established Jerusalem as spiritually, religiously, and politically important.
2) It marked the beginning of Muhammad's efforts to conquer Jerusalem, including raising awareness among companions and endowing land in Hebron.
3) Jerusalem became known as the "Land of Hope," being a source of hope and change, and the starting point from which Islam's message could radiate globally. Muhammad saw it as inclusive place open to all.
My brothers and sisters everywhere! With this essay, I am not singling
out the adherents of Islam—to which I ascribe—but rather I am writing
this essay to every man and woman throughout the whole world.
I ask Allah that He facilitates that this essay reaches every ear, falls under
the sight of every eye, and is understood by every heart.
By Allah, I have written this essay sincerely. I do not seek from anyone
reward or praise. I only seek to convey to all my brethren in humanity,
irrespective of their races or religions, an aspect of the great message
that Muhammad the son of ‘Abdullah, Allah’s final messenger to all the
peoples of the earth, was sent with.
Specifically, I have chosen to explain the wisdom behind those laws that
Allah has legislated regarding women. As contingent upon these laws, an
individual’s bliss on earth is gained and his humanity is achieved. Moreover,
these Islamic regulations pertaining to women have been singled
out for attack by the enemies of humanity, who seek to follow their desires
and who are short-sighted. Rather, they have put an end to a person’s
bliss on earth and exchanged that with misery and a wretched life.
They have attacked these Divine regulations, so that they may turn humanity
away from Allah’s true religion, His straight path, and bliss in this
world and the next – toward which the final Messenger of all Divine
messages came to give glad tidings and to invite all humanity to receive.
Abdur-Rahman Abdul-Khaliq
Language: English | Format: PDF | Pages: 40 | Size: 1.5 MB
The Wisdom behind the Islamic Laws Regarding Women: A treatise presented for the Fourth United Nations World Conference on Women, held in Beijing, China.
For Whom Am I Writing this Essay?
My brothers and sisters everywhere! With this essay, I am not singling out the adherents of Islam—to which I ascribe—but rather I am writing this essay to every man and woman throughout the whole world. I ask Allah that He facilitates that this essay reaches every ear, falls under the sight of every eye, and is understood by every heart. By Allah, I have written this essay sincerely. I do not seek from anyone reward or praise. I only seek to convey to all my brethren in humanity, irrespective of their races or religions, an aspect of the great message that Muhammad the son of ‘Abdullah, Allah’s final messenger to all the peoples of the earth, was sent with.
Specifically, I have chosen to explain the wisdom behind those laws that Allah has legislated regarding women. As contingent upon these laws, an individual’s bliss on earth is gained and his humanity is achieved. Moreover, these Islamic regulations pertaining to women have been singled out for attack by the enemies of humanity, who seek to follow their desires and who are short-sighted. Rather, they have put an end to a person’s
bliss on earth and exchanged that with misery and a wretched life. They have attacked these Divine regulations, so that they may turn humanity away from Allah’s true religion, His straight path, and bliss in this world and the next – toward which the final Messenger of all Divine messages came to give glad tidings and to invite all humanity to receive.
Muhammad the son of ‘Abdullah is Allah’s Prophet and the Final Messenger Sent by Allah to the Inhabitants of Earth.
You should know that the Messenger, Muhammad the son of ‘Abdullah (may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him) is Allah’s Messenger in reality and truth. The evidences that show his veracity are abundant. None but an infidel, who out of arrogance alone, could deny these signs.
Similar to Who is prophet Muhammad (saw) By Khurram Murad (18)
By Shaykh Ashraf Ali Thanvi (رحمه الله)
(مولانا اشرف علی تھانوی)
This book contains a collection of most famous Islamic Duas/Azkar
(دعاؤں اور اذکار کا ایک بہترین اور مقبول مجموعہ)
Title: Dealing with the Coronavirus
Author:Shaykh-ul-Hadith Hadrat Mawlana Muhammad Saleem Dhorat Hifzahullah
Publisher: Islamic Da'wah Academy
Website: www.idauk.org
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This message is for every Christian who is willing to search for the truth with a sincere desire, and a broad mind to provide him with answers to questions that would otherwise take him long time to find.
CONTENTS:
• Foreword
• The divine purpose
• Who deserves to be worshiped?
• The birth of Mary
• The birth of Jesus
• The infant speaks
• People's reaction
• Jesus' privileges and miracles
• The reaction of the Children of Israel
• What is more difficult and miraculous, the creation of Adam, or the birth of Jesus?
• Cross-Examination
• Important points to remember
• Check and compare
• The Last Supper
This document discusses the conflict between Islam and secularism. It argues that secularism is a contemporary manifestation of jahiliyyah (ignorance) and is fundamentally at odds with Islamic monotheism. Secularism restricts Islam to the mosque and seeks to govern society without Islamic law, which constitutes polytheism. The document outlines how secularism entered Muslim lands through the influence of hypocritical secularists, using Turkey as an example. It concludes that secularism has no place in Muslim societies due to Islam's all-encompassing nature and the historical compatibility of Islam with science.
نور الاقتباس في مشكاة وصية النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لابن عباس
(ابن رجب الحنبلي)
Nurul Iqtibas fi Mishkat Wasiyyah Al-Nabi li Ibn 'Abbas
Prophet Muhammad's (ﷺ) Advice to Ibn Abbas (رضي الله عنه)
-------
The spiritual and wordly life of a Muslim is focused on Allah. Success in both entails knowing Allah, loving Him, trusting Him and worshipping Him alone. It requires the Muslim to learn his religion, discipline his soul and refine his conduct. The Muslim must have firm faith that everything that happens to him in this life is good for him, that his Lord would never decree anything that would be detrimental and, as such, he is required to be patient and steadfast in the face of adversity and grateful at times of ease.
In this treatise, the author, ibn Rajab sets out to explain the advice the Prophet (SAW) imparted to ibn Abbas (radiyAllahu’anhuma), ‘Safeguard Allah and He will safeguard you. Safeguard Allah and you will find Him in front of you. Know Allah in times of ease and He will know you in times of hardship. When you ask, ask Allah. When you seek aid, turn to Allah. The Pen has dried (after having written) all that will occur…’
It would not be an exaggeration to say that if a Muslim was to understand this hadith and follow it closely, he would be well on his way to fulfilling the goals highlighted above. It is for this reason that ibn al-Jawzi said, ‘I pondered this hadith and it struck me with awe; I was so astounded that I almost became light headed… The prevailing ignorance of this hadith and the lack of understanding thereof is truly distressing!’.
‘Abdu’l-Qadir al-Jilani said, ‘Every believer should make this hadith a mirror to his heart, his axiom, his shelter and his topic of conversation. He should act by it in all times of motion and stillness so that he can be saved in this world and in the Hereafter.’
Imam ibn Rajab al-Hanbali (d.795H) was a scholar praised extensively for his vast knowledge, ascetism and expertise in the Hanbali school of thought as well as in hadith and its related sciences. His writings, gatherings and sermons were full of blessings and he was loved by all. He has written numerous monographs explaining individual hadiths of which this one, a series of which is currently being published by Daar us-Sunnah Publishers.
The translator has added appendices which comprise further explanations to the hadith by Mulla Ali al-Qari, ibn ‘Allan, and ibn ‘Uthaymin
The document discusses downloading the Tajwidi Quran. It provides a resource for obtaining a digital copy of the Quran with Tajweed rules included to help with proper recitation. The document likely contains a link or instructions for accessing the Tajwidi Quran in an electronic format.
Quran with Tajwid Surah 98 ﴾القرآن سورۃ البينة﴿ Al-Bayyina 🙪 PDF
Who is prophet Muhammad (saw) By Khurram Murad
1. MUHAMMAD?
(Peace Be Upon Him)
Khurram Murad
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 1
2. Foreword
Khurram Murad has been a source of guidance and inspiration to
thousands of people the world over. His death in December 1996 has deprived
the Ummah of one of its great sons – thinkers, a prolific writer, a teacher, a
guide and a leader of the Islamic movement. During the last months of his life
he planned to write a trio on the Qur’an and the life and message of Prophet
Muhammad sallallaho ‘alaihi wassallam, particularly directed towards the
Muslim youth in the English-speaking world. These small tracts were meant to
reach the hearts and souls of our youth, yearning for guidance, seeking ideals
to live by. The Quranic Treasures and Gifts from Muhammad was proof-read by
him on his death bed. Who is Muhammad was still in the form of a first draft
when he breathed his last. Now we are able to present this last work of Brother
Khurram. We are grateful to Br. Abdur Rashid Siddiqui who has worked
meticulously to edit and prepare this tract for publication. I have gone through
the manuscript and made minor editorial modifications, keeping in view the
purpose and style of Br. Khurram. I hope this small booklet will be of immense
assistance, to all those who want to understand Muhammad, sallallaho ‘alaihi
wassallam, the man and his mission.
Prof. Kurshid Ahmad
Leicester
11th April 1998
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 2
3. One in every five persons on this earth firmly believes that the Prophet
Muhammad is the last Messenger of God. He was a Muslim and there are more
than 1.3 billion such Muslims today.
Not only individual but entire countries take pride in declaring their allegiance
to him. There are 54 such Muslim states today, ranging from those as large as
Indonesia and Bangladesh, with populations of 200 and 125 million respectively,
to those as tiny as the Maldives or Brunei with populations of 230,000 and
260,000. Even in non-Muslim countries, large Muslim populations constitute
significant minorities; as much as 120 million in India and 20 million in China,
Indeed, within the last half century, Islam, the religion brought by the Prophet
Muhammad, has become the second large religion in most European countries,
as also in America and Canada.
Black and white, red and yellow, followers of the Prophet Muhammad come
from all human races. Whether in Asia or Europe, Africa or America, in every
nook and cranny of this globe, you are sure to find Muslims. They live in the
most advanced, sprawling megalopolis as well as in the most primitive nomadic
tent, village, hamlet, and even in the bush.
As now so always, down the centuries, across the planet, from end to end,
billions and billions of men and women have lived all their lives, loving the
Prophet an trying to follow in his footsteps, as no one else has been so loved
and followed. They have lived and died, believed and acted, married and
raised families, worshipped and ruled, made was and peace, even eaten and
dressed, walked and slept, just as he did or taught them to do.
Indeed, never in history has a man influenced mankind, even beyond his death,
so deeply and so pervasively as he has. He brings light and peace to countless
hearts and lives. They love him more dearly than their own selves. In him they
find their greatest source of inspiration and guidance. He is the ultimate norm
and the perfect example for them. Faith in him is their mainstay, and he is
their chief source of support and comfort in all personal vicissitudes and
tribulations. To him they also look to lead them through social and political
turmoil. He has always inspired them to greater and greater heights of spiritual
and moral upliftment and civilization achievements. And still does.
In short, they believe that through him, a human like themselves, God has
spoken to hem, and guided him to live amongst them, setting a example and a
model for all times to come. Even today he motivates and induces whole
populations to yearn and strive to shape their private lives, politics and policies
according to his teachings.
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 3
4. Who, then, is this man Muhammad?
It was in the year 570, after Jesus that Muhammad was born in Makkah, in what
is now Saudi Arabia. Arabia, by all accounts, is the cradle of the human race.
All the oldest human remains so far found come from the area of its location.
Hemmed in by red, black and brown volcanic hills about 80 kilometers to the
east of the Red Sea, stands the city of Makkah. It was then a small merchant
town on the ancient ‘incense’ route through which passed the great trade
caravans between the south and north.
However, Makkah was, and remains, important for an altogether different
reason. For here lies the Ka’bah, the ‘first House’ ever set up for mankind to
worship their only God. More than 1,000 years before the Prophet Solomon
built the temple in Jerusalem, his ancestor, the Prophet Ishmael, raised its
walls on very ancient foundations.
Close by the Ka’bah lies the well-called Zam Zam. Its origin, too, goes back to
the Prophet Abraham’s time. It was this well which sprang up miraculously to
save the life of the infant Ishmael. In the words of the Bible:
And God heard the voice of the boy; and the angel of God called to Hagar out
of heaven, and said to her: ‘What ails you, Hagar? Fear Not, for God has heard
the voice of the boy where he is. Arise, lift up the boy, and hold him in your
hand; for I will make him a great nation. And God opened her eyes, and she
saw a well of water; and gave the boy a drink. And God was with the boy; and
he grew and dwelt in the wilderness, and became an archer.(Genesis 21:17 –
20)
Or, as the Psalmist sings:
As they pass through the dry Valley of Baca, it becomes a place of springs; the
early rain fills it with pools. (Psalms 84:6)
Makkah never had, nor does it have now, any worldly inducement to offer for
settlement. It is a barren, desolate place, where even grass does not grow!
There were springs and wells of abundant water nearby in Taif, and a short
distance away in Madinah. But it was the first House of God, architecturally an
unremarkable cube, but spiritually and civilizationally the most remarkable
foundation and spring of life – which made it supremely important, a place of
attraction for people from all over the world. Forever, therefore, Makkah has
been a great center of pilgrimage.
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 4
5. By the time Muhammad was born, the Ka’bah’s latest guardians, the tribe of
Quraysh, had more than 300 idols installed in and around the Ka’bah to be
worshipped as lords, gods and intercessors besides the One God. Muhammad
was a direct descendent of the Prophet Abraham through the Prophet Ishmael.
He belonged to the financially poor but politically strong and noble clan of
Banu Hashim from the tribe of Quraysh. As guardians of the Ka’bah, the House
of God and the center of pilgrimage for all Arabia, the Quraysh ranked higher in
dignity and power than any other tribe. Hashim held the high office of levying
taxes and providing the pilgrims with food and water.
Muhammad was born an orphan. His father, Abdullah, died before he was born.
His mother, Aminah, too, passed away when he was only six years old. Doubly
an orphan, his grandfather, Abdal-Muttalib, took him into his care. Only two
years later, however, the orphaned boy was bereaved of his grandfather as
well, leaving him in the care of his uncle, Abu Talib.
After his birth, the infant child was sent to the desert to be suckled and
weaned and to spend part of his childhood among one of the Bedouin tribes,
Bani Sa’d ibn Bakr, who live in the southeast of Makkah. This was the usual
custom of all the great families in Makkah.
As Muhammad grew up, to earn his livelihood he pastured sheep, and goats, as
have done most Prophets. His uncle and guardian, Abu Talib, also took him
along with him on his travels with the trade caravans to greater Syria. He, thus,
grained experience in trading. Because of his great honesty and diligence and
the business acumen he showed in trading, he was soon being sought after to
take charge of other people’s merchandise, i.e. for those who could not travel
themselves, and to trade on their behalf.
At the age of 25, Muhammad married a lady named Khadijah. A widow,
Khadijah was 15 years older than Muhammad. She was a rich merchant of
Makkah, and Muhammad had managed some of her trade affairs. It was she who
proposed marriage. Khadijah remained Muhammad’s wife and his closest friend
and companion all her life till her life till her death 25 years later. She bore
him six children, of whom four daughters survived.
Until he was 40, Muhammed led a very uneventful life, showing so signs of the
Prophet in the making that he was suddenly to be. What set him apart from his
compatriots was his absolute truthfulness, trustworthiness and integrity, his
sense of justice and compassion for the poor, oppressed and downtrodden, as
well as his total refusal to worship any idol or do anything immoral. He was
popularly acclaimed for these qualities. Al-Amin, the Trustworthy, the Honest,
al-Sadiq, the Truthful, were the titles on everybody’s lips for Muhammad,
which itself means the Praised One.
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 5
6. At a very young age, Muhammad enthusiastically joined a pact of chivalry for
the establishment of justice and the protection of the weak and the oppressed
made by certain chiefs of the Quraysh. He took part in the Oath when they all
vowed that henceforth they would stand together as one man on the side of
the oppressed against the oppressor until justice was done, whether the
oppressed were a man of the Quraysh or one who had come from abroad.
In later years, at Madinah, Muhammad used to say: ‘I was present in the house
of Abd Allah Ibn Jud’an at so excellent a pact that I would not exchange my
part in it for a herd of red camels, and if now, in Islam, I were summoned to a
similar pact, I would gladly respond.’
A testimony to Muhammad’s character was given by his wife Khadijah as she
comforted him at the time when the first Revelation came to him. He said
later: ‘I fear for my life.’ She replied: ‘By no means! I swear by God that God
will never lose you. You join ties of relationship, you speak the truth, you bear
people’s burdens, you earn for the poor, you entertain guests, and you help
against the vicissitudes, which affect people’s rights.
Muhammad’s wisdom was also acknowledged by all. Once, while repairing the
Ka’bah, various clans of the Quraysh disputed violently as to who should have
the honor of placing the Black Stone in its place. As they were about to
unsheathe their swords and go to war, they made the Prophet their arbitrator
and he brought them peace. He placed the Black Stone on his cloak and asked
all the clan chiefs to hold its edges and raise it, and then he placed the Black
Stone in its appointed spot with his own hands.
Muhammed was not only a wise, just, compassionate, honored and respected
man, but also a profoundly contemplative and spiritual person. As he
approached the age of 40, increasingly he came to spend more and more of his
time in retreat, in contemplation, worship, prayer, in the Cave of Hira in Jabal
at-Nur, sometimes for several days at a time.
It was here that one night before dawn, in the last part of the month of
Ramadan, the holy month of fasting for Muslims, the Angel Gabriel
appeared before him in the form of a man, and said to him: ‘Read’, and the
Prophet said: ‘I am not a reader.’ Thereupon, as he himself told it, ‘the
Angel Jibrail overwhelmed me in his embrace until I reached the limit of
any endurance. Then he returned me and said: ‘Read.’ Again I said: ‘I am
not a reader.’ Thrice the same thing happened. The third time, after
releasing me from his embrace, the Angel finally said:
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 6
7. Read in the name of your Lord Who has created. He has created man
from a clot of blood. Read, and your Lord is the Most Bountiful: He who
has taught by the pen, taught man what he knew not. (al-Alaq 96: 1-5)
He recited thee words after the Angel. And, then, the Angel said to him:
‘you are the Messenger of God.’
Overawed by the unique experience or the Divine and overwhelmed by the
huge burden of truth and message, he came out of the cave, his body
trembling and his heart quaking. The Prophet returned home. ‘Cover me!
Cover me!’, he said to his wife Khadijah. She quickly covered him with a
cloth. Wrapped in the cloth, he told her what had happened in the cave of
Hira, how he had come to be appointed as God’s Messenger.
The event in Hira, as narrated by Muhammad, was the supreme and most
crucial event of his life. All that happened later has been happening over
the centuries, and all the positions that he enjoys in the eyes of his
followers, or his detractors, hinges on the veracity, truthfulness,
authenticity and nature of this event in Hira.
Yet the only thing to support his claim in this respect was and remains his
own word. Was he truly a Messenger of God? Was what he saw real and true?
Or, was it an hallucination? Was he a man possesses? Did he just compose
in word as poets do, the ideas he found in his heart?
These questions are raised today, as they were raised by his compatriots
then. Of these his wife of 15 years was to be year was to be the first judge.
She knew him too well to doubt even for a moment that he could say
anything but the. She also knew his character .so, she believed in him
without a moment’s hesitation.
As with his wife Khadijah, so his closest friend Abu Bakr, his adopted son
Zyad, his cousin Ali who lived with him, in short all who knew the Prophet
most intimately, believed in his truthfulness most spontaneously.
Khadijah took the Prophet to her cousin Waraqah, who had converted to
Cristianity, and acquired great learning in Christian Scriptures. Both the
Jews and Christians have been expecting the coming of the last Prophet as
foretold in their scriptures. Had not Moses, just before he died, been told:
‘I will raise up for them a Prophet like you from among their brethren; and I
will put my worked in his mouth’ (Deuteronomy 18:18)? Who could be the
brethren of the sons of Israel except the sons Ishmael?
Who could be the mysterious Shiloh but the Prophet Muhammad, about
whom Jacob prophesied immediately before his death, that to him would be
transferred the Divine mission in ‘ latter days’: ‘And Jacob called his sons
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 7
8. and said, gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which shall
befall you in the last days…. The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a
lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him the
gathering of the people be.’ (Genesis 49: 1, 10)
And, Whom did Jesus mean other than Muhammad when he said:’ If I do not
go away, the Helper will not come to you… he will not speak on his own
authority, but whatever he hears he will speak’ (John 16: 7-14)?
Waraqah therefore has no doubts that the last that the last Prophet had
come; so he, too, believed in him.
But most of the people of Makkah who had acclaimed him the Trustworthy
(Al-Amin) and the Truthful (Al-Sadiq) could not bring themselves to believe
in him. Nor could the Jews and Christians who had for so long been living in
expectation of his arrival. Not that they doubted his truthfulness or
integrity. But they were not prepared to turn their whole established way of
life upside down by submitting to his simple but radical message:
When I recite the Qur’an, I find the following clear instructions: God is He
who has created you, and the heavens and the earth, He is your only Lord
and Master, surrender your beings and your lives totally to Him alone and
worship and serve no one but Him. Let God be the only God.
The words I speak, He places in my mouth, I speak on His an authority. Obey
me and forsake all false claimants to human obedience. Every thing in the
heavens and on earth belongs to God; no man has a right to be master of
another man, to spread oppression and corruption on earth. An eternal life
beyond awaits you; where you will meet God face to face, and your life will
be judge; for that you must prepare.
This simple message shook the very foundation of the Makkan society as
well as the seventh-century world. That world, as today, lives under the
yoke of many false gods: kings and emperor’s priests and monks, feudal
lords and rich businessmen, soothsayers and spell-binders who claimed to
know what others knew not – all lorded over man. Not only that: man-made
gods of their own desires, their tribal loyalties, their ancestors, and the
powers of nature, like the nations, cultures, science and technology today
all lorded over man.
The Prophet’s message challenged them all, exposed them all, threaten4ed
them all. His immediate opponents in Makkah could do no better than brand
him unconvincingly as a liar, a poet, a soothsayer, a man possessed. But
how could he who was illiterate, he who had never composed a single verse,
he who had shown no inclination to lead men, suddenly, have words flowing
from his lips, so full of wisdom and light, morally so uplifting, specifically so
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 8
9. enlivening, so beautiful and powerful, that they began to change the hearts
and minds and lives of the hearers? His detractors and opponents had no
answer. When challenged to produce anything even remotely similar to the
words Muhammad claimed he was receiving from god, they could not match
God’s words.
First privately, then publicity, the Prophet continued to proclaim his
Message, He himself had an intense, living relationship with God, totally
committed to the Message and mission entrusted to him. Slowly and
gradually, people came forward and embraced Islam. They came from all
walks of life- chiefs and slaves, businessmen and artisans men and women –
most of them young.
Some simply heard the Qur’an, and that was enough to transform them.
Some saw the Prophet, and were immediately captivated b y the light of
mercy, generosity and humanity that was visible in his manners and morals,
in his words and works, and in his face too.
So also the opposition continued to harden and sharpen. It grew furious and
ferocious. Those who joined the Prophet as also the Prophet himself were
tortured in innumerable to ways: they were mocked, abused, beaten,
flogged, imprisoned, and boycotted. Some were subjected to much more
inhuman tortures: made to lie on burning coal fires until the melting body
fat extinguished them gave it up in the face of such trials and tribulation.
However, as the persecution became unbearable, the Prophet said to them:
‘If you go to Abyssinia, you will find there a king, a Christian, under whom
no one suffers wrong. ‘About 80 of his followers, therefore, forsook their
homes and immigrated to Abyssinia, where the Christian king gave them full
protection despite the pleadings and machinations of the emissaries sent by
the Quraysh chiefs. This was the first emigration of Islam.
All the while, the Prophet and his Companions continued to nourish their
souls and intellects and strengthen their character and resolve for the great
task that lay ahead. They met regularly, especially at a house near the
Ka’bah called Dar al-Arqam, to read and study the Qur’an to worship and
pray, and to forge the ties of brotherhood.
Ten years passed, but the people of Makkah would not give their allegiance
to the Prophet’s Message nor showed any signs of mitigating their
persecution. At the same time, the Prophet lost his closest Companions and
his wife Khadijah, as also his uncle Abu Talib, his chief protector in the
tribal world of Makkah.
The Prophet now decided to carry his Message to be people of the nearby
town of Taif, known for its wealth. In Taif, too, the tribal leaders mocked
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 9
10. and ridiculed him and rejected his Message. They also stirred up their slaves
and the street urchins to insult him, mock him, and throw stones at him.
Thus, he was stoned until he bled and was driven out of Taif. And yet when
his Companion, Zyad, requested him to curse the people of Taif, and when
God placed at his command the Angel of Mountains to crush the valley of
Taif if he so wished, he only prayed for their being guided. Such was the
mercy and compassion of the one who is the mercy for all the worlds’.
The Taif episode was the hardest moment in the Prophet’s life. It signaled
the advent of a new era for him, when his mission was to find a secure
base, and was to ascend higher and higher in the coming days until the end
of time.
To mark that, one night the Prophet was awakened and taken, in the
company of the angel Gabriel, first to Jerusalem. There he was met was
met by all the Prophets, Who gathered together behind him as he prayed on
the rock in the center of the site of the Temple, the spot where the Dome
of the Rock stands today. From the rock, led by the Arcangel, he ascended
through the seven heavens and beyond. Thus he saw whatever Gods made
him see, the heavenly worlds Which no human eye can see, the heavenly
worlds which no human eye can see, and which were the focus of his
Message and mission.
During this journey, the five daily prayers were ordained for his people.
Furthermore, it was then that the Prophet was given the charter for the
new society and state soon to be born, which, too, was prophesied and
which is described in Surah al-Isra (Chapter 17) of the Qur’an.
The Message that Makkah and Taif rejected, found responsive hearts in
Yathrib, a small oasis about 400 kilometers to the north of Makkah. Now
known a Madinatun Nabi, the city of the Prophet, or Madinah Munawwarah,
the radiant city, it was destined to be the center of the Divine light that
was to spread to all parts of the world for all times to come.
In quick succession, the Prophet suffered the terrible loss of Khadijah, his
intimate and beloved companion of 25 years, and of Abu Talib, his guardian
and protector against the bloodthirsty Makkan foes, and encountered the
worst ever rejection, humiliation and persecution at nearby Taif. As the
Prophet reached the lowest point in his vocation, God brought him comfort
and solace. On the one hand, 65spiritually, He took him during the Night of
the Ascension to the highest of highs, realities and divinities, face to face
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 10
11. with the Unseen. And on the other, materially, he opened the hearts of the
people of Yathrib to the Message and mission of Muhammad.
Soon after Muhammad’s return from Taif and the Night Journey, at the time
of the pilgrimage, six men from Yathrib embraced Islam. They delivered the
message of Islam to as many as they could, and at the time of the next
pilgrimage in the year 621 CE, 12 persons came. They pledge themselves to
the Prophet that they would make no god beside God, which they would
neither steal nor commit fornication, or slay their infants, nor utter
slanders, nor disobey him in that, which is right. The Prophet said: “If you
fulfill this pledge, then paradise is yours. “ This time the Prophet sent
Mus’ab ibn ‘Umayr with them to teach them the Qur’an and Islam and to
spread the Message of Islam.
More and more people over the course of a year-tribal leaders, men and
women- in Yathrib became Muslims. A the time of the next pilgrimage, they
decided to send a delegation to the Prophet, make a pledge to him, and
invite him and all Muslims in Makkah to Yathrib as a sanctuary and as a base
for spreading the Divine Message of Islam.
In all 73 men and two women came. They met the Prophet at ‘Aqabah. They
pledge to protect the Prophet as they would protect their own women and
children, and to fight against all men, red and black, even if their nobles
were killed and they suffered the loss of all their possessions. When asked
what would be theirs if they fulfilled their pledge, the Prophet said:
‘Paradise. This. The beginning was made, the foundation of the Islamic
society, stage and civilization were set.
The road was now open for the persecuted and tortured followers of the
Prophet to come to the House of Islam that was to be Madinah. He
therefore, instructed them to emigrate, and gradually most of them found
their way to Yathrib.
Their Makkan foes could not bear to see the Muslims living in peace. They
knew the power of the Prophet’s Message, they knew the strength of those
dedicated believers who cared nothing for the age – old Arab customs and
ties of kinship, and who if they had to would fight for their faith. The
Makkans sensed the danger that the Muslims presence in Madinah posed for
their northern trade caravan routes. They saw no other way to stop al this
but to k ill the Prophet.
Hence they hatched a conspiracy: one strong and well-connected young man
was to be nominated by each clam, and all of them were to pounce upon
and kilo the Prophet one morning as he came out of his house, so that his
blood would be on all the clan’s hands. Thus, the Prophet‘s clan would have
to accept blood money in place of revenge.
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 11
12. Informed of the plot by the Angel Gabriel, and instructed to leave Makkah
for Madinah, the Prophet went to Abu Bakr’s house to finalize the travel
arrangements. Abu Bakr was overjoyed at having been chosen for the honor
and blessing of being the Prophet’s Companion on this blessed and
momentous, sacred and epoch-making journey. He offered his she-camel to
the Prophet, but the Prophet insisted on paying its price.
On the fateful night, as darkness fell, the youths selected by the Quraysh
leaders to kill the Prophet surrounded his house. They decided to pounce on
him when he came out of his house for the dawn Prayers.
Meanwhile, the Prophet handed over all the money left by the Makkans with
him for safe keeping to Ali. Ali offered to lie in the Prophet’s bed. The
Prophet slipped out of his house, threw a little dust in their direction, and
walked past his enemies, whose eyes were still on the house.
He met Abu Bakr at his house, and they both traveled to a nearby cave, the
Jabal Thur. When the Quraysh realized that the Prophet had evaded them,
they were furious. They looked for him everywhere and on all roads; they
also offered a reward of 100 she-camels for anybody who would bring them
the Prophet, dead or alive.
A tribal chief, Suraqa, sighted the Prophet and followed him, to earn the
reward. The Prophet, with bloodthirsty foes in pursuit and an uncertain
further ahead of him in Madinah, told Suraqa: “A day will soon come when
Kisra’s golden hand bracelet will be in Suraqa’s hands.” Thereafter, Suraqa
retreated, and the Prophet proceeded towards Madinah.
This was Hijrah, the emigration – a small distance in space, a mighty leap in
history, an event that was to become a threshold in the shaping of the
Islamic Ummah. This is why the Muslims date their calendar from Hijrah,
and not from the birth of the Prophet.
In Qubah, 10 kilometers outside Madinah, the Prophet made his first
sojourn. Here he built the first mosque. Here he also made his first public
address: “Spread peace among yourselves, give away food to the needy,
pray while people sleep – and your enter Paradise, the house of peace”.
Three days later, the Prophet entered Madinah. Men, women, children, the
entire populace came out on the streets and jubilantly welcomed him.
Never was there a day of greater rejoicing and happiness. “Come is the
Prophet! Come is the Prophet!” sang the little children.
The first thing the Prophet did after arriving in Madinah was to weld the
Emigrants (called Muhajirs) and the hosts, called the Helpers (or Ansar) into
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 12
13. on brotherhood. Still today this brotherhood remains the hallmark of the
Muslims. One person from the Emigrants was made the brother of one from
amongst the Helpers. The Helpers offered to share equally all that they
possessed with the Emigrants.
So the Muslims were forged into close-knit community of faith and
brotherhood and the structure of their society and polity was being built.
The first structure was also raised. This was the Mosque, or Masjid, the
building consecrated to the worship of One God – called Masjid-al-Nabawi,
the Prophet’s Mosque. Since then the Masjid has also remained the hallmark
of the Muslims’ collective and social life, the convenient space for the
integration of the religious and political dimensions of Islam, a source of
identification, a witness to Muslim existence.
At the same time, steps were taken and the required institutions built to
integrate the entire social life around the center and pivot of the worship of
One God. For this purpose, five daily Prayers in congregation were
established.
Ramadan, fasting every day from dawn to sunset for an entire month was
also prescribed. Similarly, to establish ‘giving’ as the way of life, Zakat, a
percentage of one’s wealth to be given in the way of God was made
obligatory.
As long as there was no different instruction from God, the Muslims
followed the practice observed by the Jews and Christians. Hence, they
used to pray with their faces turned towards Jerusalem. But soon this
direction to which the Muslims faced in prayer was changed from Jerusalem
to Makkah. This historic episode signaled the formation of the new Muslim
community, charged with Divine trust and the mission of God’s guidance,
replacing the earlier Jews and Christians, and following the most ancient
message of Abraham turning towards the most ancient House of God, built
by him.
The Prophet, after arriving in Madinah, first formed an alliance with the Jews.
Next, he approached all the nearby tribes and tried to persuade them to make
an alliance or at least enter into a no-war pact. Many did. Thus the small group
evicted from Makkah assumed strategic importance.
The Makkans who had earlier planned to kill the Prophet, were now determined
to annihilate this nascent community of Islam. Having failed in all other ways
they decided on a military solution.
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 13
14. A heavily armed Makkah force-marched towards Madinah in the second year
after Hijrah, on the pretext of protecting their trade caravan. The Prophet,
despite his community’s small number and lack of arms, decide to face their
threat boldly. On the 17th of Ramadan, at Badr, the two forces met and fought
a battle in which 313 Muslims defeated the 1,000 strong Makkan army.
Seventy of the Makkan chiefs who had been most active and vehement in
persecuting the Muslims were killed; many others were taken prisoner, later to
be released for ransom. For the first time, prisoners of war were treated
humanely and kindly; they were fed and housed in the same way as their
captors ate and lived.
In the third year of Hijrah, a 3,000 strong Makkan force again marched on
Madinah, both to an avenge the defeat at Badr and to make another attempt to
defeat the Muslims; 700 of them were mailed and 200 mounted. The Muslims
numbered only 700. The two sides met just outside Madinah near the Uhud
Mountain. The initial Muslim victory was, however, reversed; the Muslim
contingent posted to protect the rear, violated the Prophet’s instructions and
abandoned its position. The Quraysh attacked from behind, and victory was
turned into defeat, resulting in the deaths of about 65 Muslims. The Makkans,
however, failed to pursue their advantage and clinch victory.
The Makkans now planned to make a final assault on Madinah to settle the
matter once and for all. All Bedouin tribes, Jews and hypocrites within Madinah
joined forces with them. In the fifth year after Hijrah, 24,000 of them
advanced on Madinah. It was impossible to fight them on the open battlefield,
or defend Madinah, which was without walls. The Muslims therefore defended
themselves by digging ditches all round Madinah for 25 days, due to inner
dissension, lack of supplied, cold weather and high winds, the Makkan army
was forced to withdraw. This was the turning point in the history of
confrontation with the Makkans. Madinah was never to be attacked again.
Form the beginning, the Jews were given full rights of citizenship, yet they still
committed acts of treason and treachery. Some had to be expelled; some were
killed as a result of judgments given by an arbitrator appointed by them.
However, subsequent generations of Jews were never held responsible for the
misdeeds of the Jews of Madinah, as they were in Christendom for 2,000 years,
for the crucifixion of Jesus. Instead, the Muslims always treated them justly
and kindly.
The next year, the sixth after Hijrah, the Prophet and 1,400 Companions
journeyed to Makkah to perform umrah, the lesser Pilgrimage, in accordance
with several traditions of the time. They were unarmed. The Quraysh chiefs,
against all established and accepted traditions, refused them admission.
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 14
15. However, the Quraysh were now so low in morale and strength that they had to
sign a peace treaty with the Prophet, the Hudaybiyah Treaty.
Though the terms appeared highly unfavorable, even humiliating, for the
Muslims, they made tremendous gains by virtue of this Treaty. They, who were
driven out of Makkah and attacked thrice, were now recognized as an equal
force, to be treated respectfully, taken seriously. Peace provided an
opportunity for the wavering and the neutral, even the hostile, to witness Islam
at first hand, and many sensed the imminent victory of Islam. The result was
that many Makkans and Arab tribes either embraced Islam or made peace with
the Prophet.
As soon as the Hudaybiyah Treaty was signed, the Prophet sent letters to
various neighbouring Arab and non-Arab rulers, including Chosroes of Iran and
Heraclitus of the Byzantine Empire. He invited them to Islam, and assured
them that he did not covet their kingdoms or riches. They could retain both,
but only if they surrendered themselves to serve and worship the One God.
The Quraysh, however, soon broke the Treaty of Hudaybiyah. It was, thus, time
to deal with their continuing hostility. The Prophet marched to Makkah, and
captured the town. The fall off Makkah witnessed unparalleled acts of mercy,
forgiveness and generosity. Not a single drop of blood was shed. Everybody who
remained indoors was granted security of life and property. The Prophet
forgave all who had been his bitterest foes all his life, who had persecuted him
and planned to kill him, who had driven him out of Makkah, and who had
marched thrice to Madinah to defeat the Muslims.
The neighbouring Byzantine Empire now prepared to attack and destroy the
Muslim community in Madinah. However, when the Prophet marched to Tabuk
on the northern border, his determination, courage and timely response made
the enemy lose heart and withdraw.
6.Soci y Buidi
et l ng
Throughout those years, when the Prophet was surrounded by hostile forces
and ultimately triumphed over them, he continued to purify the souls and
uplift the morals of his followers and lay the foundations of a just and
compassionate family, society and state. His mission was now complete: he had
created a new man, and changed the lives of multitudes of men and women by
bringing them in total surrender to their Creator. He had created a new
society: one based on justice. In his own life example, and in the Qur’an,
mankind was given the light and way of a godly life.
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 15
16. It is remarkable that this entire epoch-making revolution which transformed
not only Arabia but all of mankind for all time to come and which heralded the
birth of the most brilliant civilization in the world cost no more than 750 lives,
mostly opponents, in the various battles. Yet the Prophet is sometimes
maligned as a man of violence by those who have exterminated thousands of
people in pursuit of their civilizational ideals.
The Prophet performed his only Hajj in the tenth year after migration to
Madinah. In the Plain of Arafat, he gave a sermon of unsurpassable beauty and
lasting value: ‘No man has any right to lord over other man; all men are equal,
whatever their origin, color or nationality’.
A few months later, in the eleventh year after Hijrah, the Prophet Muhammad
died. He was buried in the house in which he had lived in Madinah.
The Prophet possessed a character of exquisite beauty and charm. He was
merciful, kind and compassionate. He loved children and taught kindness to
animals. He spoke softy, never abused anyone, and forgave even his worst
enemies. He lived a very simple life. He repaired his own shoes and clothes. He
lived frugally, sometimes for days no food was cooked in his household.
Such in Muhammad. According to every standard by which human greatness can
be measured he was matchless; no man was ever greater!
Source: www.al-islamforall.org 16