The document provides several small BPMN examples to introduce core concepts such as using pools and message flows to model collaborations, and using sub-processes and call activities to decompose process models, though the examples do not contain executable process models.
This document provides Rules of Behavior for the internal and external users of the <Information System Name> system. The Rules of Behavior describe security controls associated with user responsibilities and expectations for following security policies. Section 1 provides an overview of Rules of Behavior. Section 2 describes recommended Rules of Behavior for internal users, such as complying with copyright, reporting security incidents, and safeguarding resources. Section 3 describes recommended Rules of Behavior for external users, such as maintaining credential confidentiality, reporting security incidents, and using encryption. Both sections require users to sign acceptance of the Rules of Behavior.
This document provides guidance to Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) on FedRAMP's continuous monitoring strategy and requirements for maintaining provisional authorization. It describes roles and responsibilities, expectations for operational visibility, change control processes, required control assessment frequencies, annual self-attestation requirements, and assistance with incident response. CSPs must continuously monitor their systems, report any changes to security controls, and provide annual updates to maintain their FedRAMP authorization.
This document describes a hybrid test automation framework that combines modular, data-driven, and keyword-driven approaches. The hybrid framework uses initialization, driver/controller, data table, generic, utility, test case, logger, and timer functions. It initializes parameters, reads keywords and test data from a table to call the corresponding functions, and logs results to improve maintainability and reuse across applications.
Business Process Model and Notation,BPMN2.0(Beta1)BPC流程社区
This document provides an overview of the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) Beta 1 specification for Version 2.0. It introduces BPMN as a standard for business process modeling and outlines the key elements and concepts in BPMN including processes, collaboration, choreography, activities, events, gateways, data, and more. The document also establishes the conformance requirements and references for BPMN and provides copyright and usage information.
Revised submission for Unified Component Model (UCM) for Distributed, Real-Ti...Remedy IT
Remedy IT revised submission for the Unified Component Model (UCM) for Distributed, Real-Time and Embedded Systems.
Change of address Remedy IT:
Melkrijder 11
3861 SG Nijkerk
tel. +31 (0)88 053 0000
This document provides installation instructions for Microsoft Dynamics GP Release 10.0. It discusses preparing for the installation, including checking system requirements, configuring the network and SQL Server, and planning the account framework. It also covers installing Microsoft Dynamics GP on the server and using the Utilities module.
The document provides several small BPMN examples to introduce core concepts such as using pools and message flows to model collaborations, and using sub-processes and call activities to decompose process models, though the examples do not contain executable process models.
This document provides Rules of Behavior for the internal and external users of the <Information System Name> system. The Rules of Behavior describe security controls associated with user responsibilities and expectations for following security policies. Section 1 provides an overview of Rules of Behavior. Section 2 describes recommended Rules of Behavior for internal users, such as complying with copyright, reporting security incidents, and safeguarding resources. Section 3 describes recommended Rules of Behavior for external users, such as maintaining credential confidentiality, reporting security incidents, and using encryption. Both sections require users to sign acceptance of the Rules of Behavior.
This document provides guidance to Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) on FedRAMP's continuous monitoring strategy and requirements for maintaining provisional authorization. It describes roles and responsibilities, expectations for operational visibility, change control processes, required control assessment frequencies, annual self-attestation requirements, and assistance with incident response. CSPs must continuously monitor their systems, report any changes to security controls, and provide annual updates to maintain their FedRAMP authorization.
This document describes a hybrid test automation framework that combines modular, data-driven, and keyword-driven approaches. The hybrid framework uses initialization, driver/controller, data table, generic, utility, test case, logger, and timer functions. It initializes parameters, reads keywords and test data from a table to call the corresponding functions, and logs results to improve maintainability and reuse across applications.
Business Process Model and Notation,BPMN2.0(Beta1)BPC流程社区
This document provides an overview of the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) Beta 1 specification for Version 2.0. It introduces BPMN as a standard for business process modeling and outlines the key elements and concepts in BPMN including processes, collaboration, choreography, activities, events, gateways, data, and more. The document also establishes the conformance requirements and references for BPMN and provides copyright and usage information.
Revised submission for Unified Component Model (UCM) for Distributed, Real-Ti...Remedy IT
Remedy IT revised submission for the Unified Component Model (UCM) for Distributed, Real-Time and Embedded Systems.
Change of address Remedy IT:
Melkrijder 11
3861 SG Nijkerk
tel. +31 (0)88 053 0000
This document provides installation instructions for Microsoft Dynamics GP Release 10.0. It discusses preparing for the installation, including checking system requirements, configuring the network and SQL Server, and planning the account framework. It also covers installing Microsoft Dynamics GP on the server and using the Utilities module.
This performance test plan outlines objectives to compare the responsiveness and resource utilization of an application between a current and new production environment. It defines dependencies, limitations, the testing process, and deliverables. Performance testing will be done using JMeter to simulate anticipated workload and compare metrics between environments. Results will be analyzed to identify any bottlenecks before moving to the new environment.
The document provides an overview of the FedRAMP program, which aims to standardize how federal agencies assess and authorize the use of cloud services. It establishes a "do once, use many times" framework to reduce duplication and costs. Key elements include a Concept of Operations, stakeholders like agencies and cloud service providers, a phased implementation approach, and processes for security assessments and leveraging provisional authorizations across agencies.
Test automation: Are Enterprises ready to bite the bullet?Aspire Systems
This whitepaper talks about the actual challenges in implementing a successful Test Automation process. It give a glimpse of the 3Ws and 1H(Why, When, What & How) of automation and explains how the cost factor is just a myth. Eventually it talks about how Continuous Innovation with opensource tools together with a robust framework and business focused testing approach can lead to a successful test automation implementation.
GLab360 a laboratory information management system and electronic laboratory network document from GTS Systems healthcare and business solution provider
The document discusses the system requirements for installing and configuring Analysis Cubes for Microsoft Dynamics GP. It describes configurations where the Microsoft Dynamics GP and Analysis Cubes components are installed on the same server or on separate servers. It also covers requirements for client workstations and scenarios with multiple Analysis Cubes servers.
Enterprise Social Collaboration Progression ModelMicrosoft
This document presents a progression model for enterprise social collaboration with six stages. The third stage, called Rationalized, represents the midpoint. At this stage, social collaboration tools and policies are standardized and documented. A common platform is instituted and the culture becomes division-oriented and proactively engaged in a social integration strategy. Governance policies are formalized and enforced. Moving to this stage provides benefits like connecting members across departments within a division and greater efficiency, while challenges include overcoming friction during inter-group collaboration and removing attachment to old tools.
In this CTMS document the complete knowledge regarding the clinical trials and management of the clinical trials is involved.The end to end clinical trial process is involved in this along with the reporting part. The soft ware part that is involved in the clinical trials is also clearly mentioned in this CTMS for reference.
The document describes new features in Primavera P6 EPPM 15.2, including usability enhancements like global search and replace, filtering on rolling dates, and saving detail window settings as part of views; improvements to P6 Team Member like assigning yourself to existing tasks and filtering tasks by WBS; and enhancements to P6 Mobile like assigning yourself to tasks, filtering by additional criteria, and cropping/annotating images. New features are also added to P6 Professional, including a 64-bit installation and Microsoft Project XML 2013 support.
The document provides release notes for Oracle Hyperion Planning version 11.1.2.2. Key features introduced in this release include an upgrade wizard to convert existing business rules to the new calculation manager, hosted online help, enhancements to administrative features like diagnostic tools and substitution variable management, and support for WebSphere. Functional enhancements include rolling forecasts, predictive planning, support for group approvals, an "All Years" member, multiple document and comment attachments per cell, and improved navigation, formatting, and usability features. A new project financial planning application is also introduced.
The document outlines a 10-step process for building a test automation framework. It discusses factors that are important for successful test automation such as management commitment, budget, process, resources, and realistic expectations. The 10 steps include identifying test scope and types, requirements to automate, evaluating tools, designing the framework including reusable components and data storage, developing the framework, populating test data, and configuring schedulers. The framework is intended to provide benefits like standardization, independence from dependencies, complete test coverage, and support for future enhancements.
This document provides step-by-step instructions for setting up a test lab to demonstrate Network Access Protection (NAP) enforcement using virtual private network (VPN) connections. The test lab uses four computers - one domain controller, one VPN server, one NAP policy server, and one client computer. The instructions cover installing and configuring each system to validate client health policies, enforce network access based on compliance, and automatically remediate noncompliant clients.
Was liberty elastic clusters and centralised adminsflynn073
This document provides instructions for a hands-on lab to learn how to create and manage Liberty application clusters using the Liberty profile in WebSphere Application Server V8.5.5. The lab objectives are to build a real application cluster, add members, deploy applications, configure routing with IBM HTTP Server, enable auto-scaling, and use tags and search in the Admin Center. Key steps include creating a collective controller, adding cluster members, configuring dynamic routing, and changing a scaling policy.
NOTE: This document has been obsoleted by the Adopted DDS Specification
OMG DDS Security Draft Specification. This is the 4th Revised Submission to the DDS Security Specification.
Also accessible from the OMG at:
http://www.omg.org/members/cgi-bin/doc?mars/13-02-15.pdf
This document provides an overview and user guide for Oracle Process Manufacturing Cost Management. It describes how to set up and use standard, actual, and lot costing methods. The document also covers period-end cost processing, copying costs between periods and organizations, and available cost management reports.
The document provides an overview of the key features and functionalities of the Medical Records module in the Amalga Hospital Information System (HIS). It describes the medical records workflow including requesting records, viewing requests, checking out and checking in records. It also summarizes other record functions like creating, editing, viewing records as well as archiving, destroying and medical coding. The document highlights some new features introduced in version 5.4 like expected return date, linked records, bulk archive, record destruction and enhanced medical coding.
Gems to help you troubleshoot query performancePedro Lopes
This document is a presentation from Microsoft that discusses techniques for analyzing and improving query performance in SQL Server. It provides tips on identifying slow queries, analyzing execution plans, ensuring proper indexing, and using tools like SQL Server Profiler and dynamic management views. The presentation also covers non-sargable predicates, residual predicate pushdown, live query statistics, and ways to enhance query plan analysis through side-by-side comparisons.
This document describes sample files that demonstrate using Adobe XML/PDF form designer to create PDF forms. It includes a grant application PDF form, sample XML data to populate the form fields, and a rights-enabled PDF. The grant application form was created for a US government eGrants initiative to standardize grant management across agencies. It combines the paper grant application with an XML schema. Users can fill out the form, then agencies can extract the XML data to integrate into their systems. The form also calls a web service using JavaScript to validate identification numbers, demonstrating how to embed business logic in PDFs.
This document provides samples demonstrating Adobe's PDF/XML technology. It includes a grant application PDF form mapped to an XML schema, with sample data. It also allows pre-populating the form with XML data or exporting the entered data to XML. A second sample is a retirement fund allocation PDF form that can similarly export data to XML. The document discusses how these samples streamline paper-based processes by integrating human-entered form data directly into backend systems.
This document provides information about the 11th edition of the textbook "Business Data Networks and Security" including:
- Details about the publisher, authors, production team, and copyright information.
- Acknowledgements that third party content is included with permission.
- Notes that Microsoft and other third parties make no claims about the suitability of the information and disclaim warranties.
- Recognition of trademarks used in the textbook.
This performance test plan outlines objectives to compare the responsiveness and resource utilization of an application between a current and new production environment. It defines dependencies, limitations, the testing process, and deliverables. Performance testing will be done using JMeter to simulate anticipated workload and compare metrics between environments. Results will be analyzed to identify any bottlenecks before moving to the new environment.
The document provides an overview of the FedRAMP program, which aims to standardize how federal agencies assess and authorize the use of cloud services. It establishes a "do once, use many times" framework to reduce duplication and costs. Key elements include a Concept of Operations, stakeholders like agencies and cloud service providers, a phased implementation approach, and processes for security assessments and leveraging provisional authorizations across agencies.
Test automation: Are Enterprises ready to bite the bullet?Aspire Systems
This whitepaper talks about the actual challenges in implementing a successful Test Automation process. It give a glimpse of the 3Ws and 1H(Why, When, What & How) of automation and explains how the cost factor is just a myth. Eventually it talks about how Continuous Innovation with opensource tools together with a robust framework and business focused testing approach can lead to a successful test automation implementation.
GLab360 a laboratory information management system and electronic laboratory network document from GTS Systems healthcare and business solution provider
The document discusses the system requirements for installing and configuring Analysis Cubes for Microsoft Dynamics GP. It describes configurations where the Microsoft Dynamics GP and Analysis Cubes components are installed on the same server or on separate servers. It also covers requirements for client workstations and scenarios with multiple Analysis Cubes servers.
Enterprise Social Collaboration Progression ModelMicrosoft
This document presents a progression model for enterprise social collaboration with six stages. The third stage, called Rationalized, represents the midpoint. At this stage, social collaboration tools and policies are standardized and documented. A common platform is instituted and the culture becomes division-oriented and proactively engaged in a social integration strategy. Governance policies are formalized and enforced. Moving to this stage provides benefits like connecting members across departments within a division and greater efficiency, while challenges include overcoming friction during inter-group collaboration and removing attachment to old tools.
In this CTMS document the complete knowledge regarding the clinical trials and management of the clinical trials is involved.The end to end clinical trial process is involved in this along with the reporting part. The soft ware part that is involved in the clinical trials is also clearly mentioned in this CTMS for reference.
The document describes new features in Primavera P6 EPPM 15.2, including usability enhancements like global search and replace, filtering on rolling dates, and saving detail window settings as part of views; improvements to P6 Team Member like assigning yourself to existing tasks and filtering tasks by WBS; and enhancements to P6 Mobile like assigning yourself to tasks, filtering by additional criteria, and cropping/annotating images. New features are also added to P6 Professional, including a 64-bit installation and Microsoft Project XML 2013 support.
The document provides release notes for Oracle Hyperion Planning version 11.1.2.2. Key features introduced in this release include an upgrade wizard to convert existing business rules to the new calculation manager, hosted online help, enhancements to administrative features like diagnostic tools and substitution variable management, and support for WebSphere. Functional enhancements include rolling forecasts, predictive planning, support for group approvals, an "All Years" member, multiple document and comment attachments per cell, and improved navigation, formatting, and usability features. A new project financial planning application is also introduced.
The document outlines a 10-step process for building a test automation framework. It discusses factors that are important for successful test automation such as management commitment, budget, process, resources, and realistic expectations. The 10 steps include identifying test scope and types, requirements to automate, evaluating tools, designing the framework including reusable components and data storage, developing the framework, populating test data, and configuring schedulers. The framework is intended to provide benefits like standardization, independence from dependencies, complete test coverage, and support for future enhancements.
This document provides step-by-step instructions for setting up a test lab to demonstrate Network Access Protection (NAP) enforcement using virtual private network (VPN) connections. The test lab uses four computers - one domain controller, one VPN server, one NAP policy server, and one client computer. The instructions cover installing and configuring each system to validate client health policies, enforce network access based on compliance, and automatically remediate noncompliant clients.
Was liberty elastic clusters and centralised adminsflynn073
This document provides instructions for a hands-on lab to learn how to create and manage Liberty application clusters using the Liberty profile in WebSphere Application Server V8.5.5. The lab objectives are to build a real application cluster, add members, deploy applications, configure routing with IBM HTTP Server, enable auto-scaling, and use tags and search in the Admin Center. Key steps include creating a collective controller, adding cluster members, configuring dynamic routing, and changing a scaling policy.
NOTE: This document has been obsoleted by the Adopted DDS Specification
OMG DDS Security Draft Specification. This is the 4th Revised Submission to the DDS Security Specification.
Also accessible from the OMG at:
http://www.omg.org/members/cgi-bin/doc?mars/13-02-15.pdf
This document provides an overview and user guide for Oracle Process Manufacturing Cost Management. It describes how to set up and use standard, actual, and lot costing methods. The document also covers period-end cost processing, copying costs between periods and organizations, and available cost management reports.
The document provides an overview of the key features and functionalities of the Medical Records module in the Amalga Hospital Information System (HIS). It describes the medical records workflow including requesting records, viewing requests, checking out and checking in records. It also summarizes other record functions like creating, editing, viewing records as well as archiving, destroying and medical coding. The document highlights some new features introduced in version 5.4 like expected return date, linked records, bulk archive, record destruction and enhanced medical coding.
Gems to help you troubleshoot query performancePedro Lopes
This document is a presentation from Microsoft that discusses techniques for analyzing and improving query performance in SQL Server. It provides tips on identifying slow queries, analyzing execution plans, ensuring proper indexing, and using tools like SQL Server Profiler and dynamic management views. The presentation also covers non-sargable predicates, residual predicate pushdown, live query statistics, and ways to enhance query plan analysis through side-by-side comparisons.
This document describes sample files that demonstrate using Adobe XML/PDF form designer to create PDF forms. It includes a grant application PDF form, sample XML data to populate the form fields, and a rights-enabled PDF. The grant application form was created for a US government eGrants initiative to standardize grant management across agencies. It combines the paper grant application with an XML schema. Users can fill out the form, then agencies can extract the XML data to integrate into their systems. The form also calls a web service using JavaScript to validate identification numbers, demonstrating how to embed business logic in PDFs.
This document provides samples demonstrating Adobe's PDF/XML technology. It includes a grant application PDF form mapped to an XML schema, with sample data. It also allows pre-populating the form with XML data or exporting the entered data to XML. A second sample is a retirement fund allocation PDF form that can similarly export data to XML. The document discusses how these samples streamline paper-based processes by integrating human-entered form data directly into backend systems.
This document provides information about the 11th edition of the textbook "Business Data Networks and Security" including:
- Details about the publisher, authors, production team, and copyright information.
- Acknowledgements that third party content is included with permission.
- Notes that Microsoft and other third parties make no claims about the suitability of the information and disclaim warranties.
- Recognition of trademarks used in the textbook.
‘ICHAPTER TWOChapter Objectives• To define stakeholdLesleyWhitesidefv
This document discusses stakeholders and their importance for businesses. It defines stakeholders as groups that a business is responsible to, such as customers, employees, suppliers, communities and governments. Primary stakeholders like employees and customers are essential to a business's survival, while secondary stakeholders like special interest groups are not directly involved in transactions. The document examines how businesses should consider both primary and secondary stakeholder needs to build effective relationships and ensure social responsibility. It also provides examples of common stakeholder issues and how businesses can measure their impacts in these areas.
– 272 –
C H A P T E R T E N
k Introduction
k Albert Ellis’s Rational Emotive
Behavior Therapy
k Key Concepts
View of Human Nature
View of Emotional Disturbance
A-B-C Framework
k The Therapeutic Process
Therapeutic Goals
Therapist ’s Function and Role
Client ’s Experience in Therapy
Relationship Between Therapist and Client
k Application: Therapeutic
Techniques and Procedures
The Practice of Rational Emotive Behavior
Therapy
Applications of REBT to Client Populations
REBT as a Brief Therapy
Application to Group Counseling
k Aaron Beck ’s Cognitive Therapy
Introduction
Basic Principles of Cognitive Therapy
The Client–Therapist Relationship
Applications of Cognitive Therapy
k Donald Meichenbaum’s Cognitive
Behavior Modifi cation
Introduction
How Behavior Changes
Coping Skills Programs
The Constructivist Approach to Cognitive
Behavior Therapy
k Cognitive Behavior Therapy
From a Multicultural Perspective
Strengths From a Diversit y Perspective
Shortcomings From a Diversit y Perspective
k Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Applied to the Case of Stan
k Summary and Evaluation
Contributions of the Cognitive Behavioral
Approaches
Limitations and Criticisms of the Cognitive
Behavioral Approaches
k Where to Go From Here
Recommended Supplementary Readings
References and Suggested Readings
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
– 273 –
A L B E R T E L L I S
ALBERT ELLIS (1913–2007)
was born in Pittsburgh but
escaped to the wilds of New
York at the age of 4 and lived
there (except for a year in New
Jersey) for the rest of his life. He
was hospitalized nine times as
a child, mainly with nephritis,
and developed renal glycosuria
at the age of 19 and diabetes at the age of 40. By rigor-
ously taking care of his health and stubbornly refusing
to make himself miserable about it, he lived an unusually
robust and energetic life, until his death at age 93.
Realizing that he could counsel people skillfully and
that he greatly enjoyed doing so, Ellis decided to become
a psychologist. Believing psychoanalysis to be the
deepest form of psychotherapy, Ellis was analyzed and
supervised by a training analyst. He then practiced psy-
choanalytically oriented psychotherapy, but eventually
he became disillusioned with the slow progress of his cli-
ents. He observed that they improved more quickly once
they changed their ways of thinking about themselves
and their problems. Early in 1955 he developed rational
emotive behavior therapy (REBT). Ellis has rightly been
called the “grandfather of cognitive behavior therapy.”
Until his illness during the last two years of his life, he
generally worked 16 hours a day, seeing many clients for
individual therapy, making time each day for professional
writing, and giving numerous talks and workshops in
many parts of the world.
To some extent Ellis developed his approach as a
method of dealing with his own problems during his
youth. At one point in his life, for example, he had exag-
ge ...
‘Jm So when was the first time you realised you were using everydLesleyWhitesidefv
‘Jm: So when was the first time you realised you were using everyday
P: First tiem I used every day, I’d met a girl, she was ten years older than me, I was twenty, she was thirty
Jm: so that’s eight years ago was it?
P: yeah yeah, met her, what happened, she had had a previous two year heroin addiction, and up to that period I had tried it but I’d never smoked it everyday, but she had obviously, and for six weeks, after meeting her we were smoking it everyday, and I’d said to her I don’t understand how people get addicted to this stuff, people must be weak, I mean I don’t understand how they’re getting addicted to this stuff, and after six weeks, what happened is I woke up and realised I’d lost all this weight, I hadn’t been to the toilet for six weeks, and also, I really really needed to go to the toilet, and I didn’t know what the feeling of clucking was, if you see what I mean, what the sensations and that felt like, and you know I can remember that very first day vividly, /just feeling that pain and the want for heroin like, erm it’s hard to explain what it feels like, erm it’s like a rushing on your mind, you can’t stop thinking about it, I want it, I want it, I want it, so obviously we had to go and score then, but that was when I had my first real feeling of it washing over me, it was actually making me feel better than normal, before previously I was getting a good buzz off it, it was giving me a good buzz like, but fromthat point on it would wash over me where I just used to feel normal again, as in, whereas before, so then my tolerance built up, then my use went up even more, I was smoking like sixty pounds worth a day, and I was committing crimes to like supply that,’
Jm: So you said there was this one day you’d woken up with a habit, had you already realised you’d been using everyday by this point?
P: yeah, yeah,
Jm: can you remember the first time you realised you were using heroin every day?
P: yeah
Jm: can you remember where you were at this time?
P: lying in bed
Jm: and do you remember exactly what you thought when you realised this?
P: I thought I gotta go and buy heroin, I gotta go and get some heroin
Jm: you said there were other times you were using every day
P: I was using every day, and I thought it was addictive, I thought it wasn’t physically addictive, I thought must have been a mentally addictive drug, and then all of a sudden I had the physical withdrawals, I realised that I was physically addicted to it,
Jm: so you woke up and felt you needed to go and get some, did you have any other thoughts about it? Like fuck I need to sort myself out?
P: yeah, basically
Jm: and when you woke up with that runny nose, was it first of all what’s wrong with me, or was it I know exactly what I need?
P: I knew what was wrong straight away. I just knew, I dunno how, I just knew it would make me feel better, I just knew it would like, I dunno why, it just did, it’s strange
Jm: About this time did you have any conversations w ...
•2To begin with a definition Self-esteem is the dispLesleyWhitesidefv
•2
“To begin with a definition: Self-esteem is the disposition to experience oneself as
being competent to cope with the basic challenges of life and of being worthy of
happiness.” (“What Self-Esteem Is and Is Not” by Dr. Nathaniel Branden, 1997,
article adapted from The Art of Living Consciously, Simon & Schuster, 1997).
•3
“Self-esteem is an experience. It is a particular way of experiencing the self. It is a
good deal more than a mere feeling — this must be stressed. It involves emotional,
evaluative, and cognitive components. It also entails certain action dispositions: to
move toward life rather than away from it; to move toward consciousness rather
than away from it; to treat facts with respect rather than denial; to operate self-
responsibly rather than the opposite.” (“What Self-Esteem Is and Is Not” by Dr.
Nathaniel Branden, 1997, article adapted from The Art of Living Consciously,
Simon & Schuster, 1997).
•4
“Self-esteem is an experience. It is a particular way of experiencing the self. It is a
good deal more than a mere feeling — this must be stressed. It involves emotional,
evaluative, and cognitive components. It also entails certain action dispositions: to
move toward life rather than away from it; to move toward consciousness rather
than away from it; to treat facts with respect rather than denial; to operate self-
responsibly rather than the opposite.” (“What Self-Esteem Is and Is Not” by Dr.
Nathaniel Branden, 1997, article adapted from The Art of Living Consciously,
Simon & Schuster, 1997).
•5
“Self-esteem is an experience. It is a particular way of experiencing the self. It is a
good deal more than a mere feeling — this must be stressed. It involves emotional,
evaluative, and cognitive components. It also entails certain action dispositions: to
move toward life rather than away from it; to move toward consciousness rather
than away from it; to treat facts with respect rather than denial; to operate self-
responsibly rather than the opposite.” (“What Self-Esteem Is and Is Not” by Dr.
Nathaniel Branden, 1997, article adapted from The Art of Living Consciously,
Simon & Schuster, 1997).
•6
“Self-esteem is an experience. It is a particular way of experiencing the self. It is a
good deal more than a mere feeling — this must be stressed. It involves emotional,
evaluative, and cognitive components. It also entails certain action dispositions: to
move toward life rather than away from it; to move toward consciousness rather
than away from it; to treat facts with respect rather than denial; to operate self-
responsibly rather than the opposite.” (“What Self-Esteem Is and Is Not” by Dr.
Nathaniel Branden, 1997, article adapted from The Art of Living Consciously,
Simon & Schuster, 1997).
“One does not need to be a trained psychologist to know that some people with low
self-esteem strive to compensate for their deficit by boasting, arrogance, and
conceited behavior.” (“What Self-Esteem ...
•2Notes for the professorMuch of the content on theseLesleyWhitesidefv
•2
Notes for the professor:
Much of the content on these slides are based on Robbins & Judge (2012)
(“Essentials of Organizational Behavior” textbook, edition 11, chapter 2: attitudes
and job satisfaction)
•3
Attitudes are evaluative statements and these statements can be favorable or
unfavorable. Individuals’ attitudes at work such as their satisfaction with their jobs
or their commitment to the organization are important because factors like job
satisfaction and organizational commitment can relate to one’s performance at
work.
According to the single component definition, attitudes constitute of only “affect”
or, in other words, of feelings we have about objects, people, or events. This single
component view simplifies things for us as it only refers to “affect” or feelings. We
tend to have complex views about the world but at the same time we want to predict
behavior. We can predict behavior by looking at one’s attitudes through identifying
one’s affect about objects, people, or events.
According to the tri-component view, which represents a more complicated view of
attitudes, attitudes consist of affect, behavior, and cognition. These are the ABC’s of
attitudes. According to this view or definition, affect includes how you feel,
behavior includes how you behave (how you behave is considered as part of your
attitude), and cognition includes your thoughts, your rationalizations. According to
the tri-component view of attitudes, one’s attitudes include one’s affect, behaviors,
and cognitions about objects, people, or events. For example, you may hate your job
(negative affect), but you may show up at work (behavior) not to get fired. You
might also have these cognitions that say “I should be happy to get this job…”. As you see in
this example, the components (affect, cognition, and behavior) may not be consistent.
An example where the components (affect, cognition, and behavior) are consistent is the
following: “I like my job (affect), I show up at work (behavior), and work is good for me
because it keeps my mind sharp and allows me to learn new skills, travel, make friends, be a
part of a social community, pay for my bills, pay for the things I want to do in my life, and
keeps me active and in the work force. Also, I should be very happy and grateful to have this
job because so many of my friends have been looking for a great job for a long time now.” In
another example, you may like smoking (affect), you may smoke a pack a day (behavior), and
you may have a cognition that says “smoking is good for me because I don’t get overweight”
or “it increases brain activity” (cognition). In both of these examples, the components (affect,
cognition, behavior) are consistent and, therefore, individuals do not experience dissonance.
However, to the extent that these components are not consistent, individuals experience
dissonance, in others words, an aversive mental state (which will be discussed in later s ...
· You must respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refLesleyWhitesidefv
· You must respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts and supporting your opinion with a reference. Response posts must be at least 150 words. Your response (reply) posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response). Your post will include a salutation, response (150 words), and a reference.
· Quotes “…” cannot be used at a higher learning level for your assignments, so sentences need to be paraphrased and referenced.
· Acceptable references include scholarly journal articles or primary legal sources (statutes, court opinions), journal articles, and books published in the last five years—no websites or videos to be referenced without prior approval.
Discussion and responses must be posted in APA format for Canvas to receive full grades. Automatic deduction of 10% if not completed
Culturally Competent
Vixony Vixamar
St. Thomas University
Prof. Kathleen Price
NUR 417
October 28, 2021
Culturally Competent
The COVID-19 has affected over 45 million in the United States and has led to over seven hundred and forty thousand deaths across the United States. The pandemic has increasingly affected all individuals and has led to various economic as well as social changes. However, there have been some health disparities identified with people of color being among the most affected individuals (Reyes, 2020). Nurses are at the frontline of providing health care services to individuals that have been infected by the virus. Therefore, as a nurse, I have come across various COVID-19 cases where the patient needed to be observed or there was a need to manage the condition.
One case was that of a middle-aged pregnant woman that had contracted the virus. The symptoms started as headaches and feeling tired. She stated that she initially assumed these symptoms as normal pregnancy symptoms as she had earlier on in the week engaged in some intensive exercises as she went shopping with some family members. However, one evening she had some challenges breathing and her family members rushed her to the hospital. She had to be put on oxygen as she needed support breathing. She was given a PCR test that turned out to be negative. However, the fact that she needed to be on oxygen necessitated another test which also read negative. At this point, it was crucial that a chest scan be done to help with the diagnosis. Upon the scan, the physician diagnosed the patient with COVID-19. Her condition quickly deteriorated and she had to be put in intensive care. It was especially challenging caring for her given that she was seven months pregnant at the time. At one point, the family had contemplated terminating the pregnancy to increase her chances of surviving given that fetal movements had subsided for a while. However, after a few weeks in the intensive care unit, she made a full recovery and was able to deliver her baby full-term. She remained on oxygen and under observation until ...
· You have choices. You should answer three of the four available LesleyWhitesidefv
· You have choices. You should answer three of the four available short answer questions and one of the two essay questions. Please label each response (e.g., Short Answer 3) to indicate what question you are responding to. Please also sort your short answer responses in numerical order (so 1,2,4 if those are the three questions you answer – even if you prepared them in 4,1,2 order).
PART ONE: Answer three of the following four short answer questions. Be sure to label your answers with the question number and arrange them in question order number. A target range for responses to these questions is approximately 250 words.
Short Answer 1
History depends on the choice to narrate certain facts and omit others. All histories are incomplete, which makes the act of writing history both powerful and creative. Why does the distinction between “what happened” and “what is said to have happened” matter?
Short Answer 2
What is the “Great Man Myth” and how does that lens shape what histories get told? What histories get omitted when we focus on the Great Man Myth? Incorporate examples from at least one media technology to help support your answer.
Short Answer 3
In “The Case of the Telegraph,” James Carey argued, “The simplest and most important point about the telegraph is that it marked the decisive separation of ‘transportation’ and ‘communication.’” Describe two ideologies that were ushered in by the telegraph and how they changed society. Your answer should consider both the dominant history and also an alternative or counter history for each development.
Short Answer 4
While mainstream history celebrates photography as the first visual medium for objectivity and evidence, counter histories claim that it actually muddied the distinction between objective and subjective knowledge. Explain how photography blurred the distinction between objectivity and subjectivity and how that transmitted and influenced cultural and social ideologies. Provide specific examples to support your argument.
PART TWO: Answer one of the following two essay questions. Be sure to label your answers with the question number and arrange them in question order number.
Your answers should engage these questions at the conceptual level and use specific examples from the media histories we have covered this semester to support your arguments. A target range for this essay response is probably in the 1,200-2,000 word range.
Essay 1
In the first part of the Media Histories course, we have repeatedly turned to Benedict Anderson’s argument about imagined communities:
I propose the following definition of the nation: it is an imagined political community – and imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign.
It is imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communication…
Communities are to be distinguished not by their ...
· You may choose one or more chapters from E.G. Whites, The MinistLesleyWhitesidefv
This document outlines a research study that uses data mining techniques to analyze student behavior data from an online course. Specifically, it uses cluster analysis to group students based on similarity of behavior patterns in the learning management system. It also uses decision tree analysis to classify students and identify attributes that influence exam performance. The goal is to gain insights into how recorded student activities in the online platform relate to successful course completion. The study analyzes log file data capturing student interactions from one course during one semester at a university in Croatia. Results from both cluster analysis and decision tree modeling are presented.
· · Prepare a 2-page interprofessional staff update on HIPAA andLesleyWhitesidefv
The document provides guidance for creating a 2-page staff update on appropriate social media use and HIPAA compliance in healthcare. It describes a situation where a nurse posted a photo of a patient on Facebook, which was a violation of the organization's social media policy. As a result, the organization formed a task force to educate staff on these topics through interprofessional updates. The document outlines required content and competencies to be demonstrated in the staff update, such as defining protected health information, privacy/security, and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to safeguard patient data. Staff are asked to select a topic and create a 2-page update within APA guidelines.
· · Introduction· What is hyperpituitarism and hypopituitariLesleyWhitesidefv
·
· Introduction
· What is hyperpituitarism and hypopituitarism?
· Signs and symptoms
· Include all necessary physiology and/or pathophysiology in your explanation.
· How do you treat the disorder?
· Which population is at risk of developing this disorder and why
· Use appropriate master’s level terminology.
· Reference a minimum of three sources; you may cite your etext as a source. Use APA format to style your visual aids and cite your sources.
explain the processes or concepts in your using references to support your explanations.
...
· · Write a 3 page paper in which you analyze why regulatory ageLesleyWhitesidefv
·
· Write a 3 page paper in which you analyze why regulatory agencies began monitoring quality in health care, explain how regulatory agencies have impacted quality of care, and provide an evaluation of quality.
Introduction
Early attempts at quality efforts were limited to the resources, knowledge, and environment in which health care services and treatment were rendered. As medical education and research advanced so did the knowledge of and focus on quality improvement efforts. Basic functions including handwashing and sterile environments were two of the many simple advancements resulting in dramatic improvements in outcomes and overall quality.
Regulatory agencies have directly impacted health care organizations' focus on, and attention to, quality improvement. Founded in 1951, The Joint Commission offers accreditation to various health care organizations who demonstrate compliance with established regulatory standards. Combined with various government agencies, initiatives have been implemented that require health care organizations to report on quality measures, thereby making their quality performance transparent throughout the industry.
As a leader in the health care industry, understanding historical perspectives of quality, regulatory oversight, and medical malpractice will allow you to effectively lead your organization to meet or exceed its strategic goals related to improved outcomes, increased reimbursements, and reduced cost.
Demonstration of Proficiency
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
· Competency 2: Explain the development of health regulation and the evolution of medical malpractice.
1. Explain the evolution of medical malpractice.
1. Analyze the development of health regulation and regulatory agencies.
1. Analyze how regulatory agencies have impacted the quality of care.
1. Evaluate ways in which quality has improved or not improved since the 1800s.
. Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and respectful of the diversity, dignity, and integrity of others.
2. Produce writing that conveys understanding of the topic, its context, and its relevance.
2. Use academic writing conventions such as APA formatting and citation style, or others as required.
2. Produce writing that includes minimal grammar, usage, and mechanical errors, including spelling.
Instructions
For this assessment, you will write a 3 page paper in which you:
. Explain the evolution of medical malpractice.
. Analyze why regulatory agencies began monitoring quality in health care.
. Explain how organizations like the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Joint Commission, and other regulatory agencies have impacted quality of care.
. Explain what is meant by "deemed status."
. Describe how current attempts at quality compare to efforts on quality in the 1800s.
. Evaluate ways in whic ...
· Write a response as directed to each of the three case studies aLesleyWhitesidefv
This document discusses three case studies related to public health ethics and provides background information on relevant ethical principles and frameworks. The case studies involve: 1) a community health initiative on teenage pregnancy, 2) a proposal to strengthen laws against homelessness, and 3) the use of "sin taxes" to influence health behaviors. Background information is presented on ethical theories like egalitarianism, libertarianism, and theories of justice. Principles of public health ethics and frameworks for analyzing issues of social and economic justice are also defined.
· Write a brief (one paragraph) summary for each reading.· · RLesleyWhitesidefv
This document summarizes a lesson taught by a fourth grade teacher on simple machines. The teacher introduced different simple machines to the students and then assigned groups of students performance assessment tasks to design and build simple machines to solve everyday problems. The groups were assessed on both the process and the product using rubrics. Overall, the performance assessments allowed students to demonstrate their understanding of simple machines and how they make work easier through hands-on modeling and presentation of their designs.
· Write a 2-page single spaced (12 font Times New Roman) book repoLesleyWhitesidefv
· Write a 2-page single spaced (12 font Times New Roman) book report on the key highlights. Mentioned five major topics that you liked and how you plan to use them to develop yourself and your career.
BOOK SUMMARY: (key highlights)
Techniques in Handling People :
-Don’t criticize, condemn or complain.
-Give honest and sincere appreciation.
-Arouse in the other person an eager want.
Six ways to Make People Like You :
-Become genuinely interested in other people.
-Smile.
-Remember that a person’s name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language.
-Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves.
-Talk in terms of the other person’s interests.
-Make the other person feel important – and do it sincerely.
Win People to Your Way of Thinking:
-The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it.
-Show respect for the other person’s opinions. Never say, “You’re wrong.”
-If you are wrong, admit it quickly and emphatically.
-Begin in a friendly way.
-Get the other person saying “yes, yes” immediately.
-Let the other person do a great deal of the talking.
-Let the other person feel that the idea is his or hers.
-Try honestly to see things from the other person’s point of view.
-Be sympathetic with the other person’s ideas and desires.
-Appeal to the nobler motives.
-Dramatize your ideas.
-Throw down a challenge.
Be a Leader: How to Change People Without Giving Offense or Arousing Resentment:
-Begin with praise and honest appreciation.
-Call attention to people’s mistakes indirectly.
-Talk about your own mistakes before criticizing the other person.
-Ask questions instead of giving direct orders.
-Let the other person save face.
-Praise the slightest improvement and praise every improvement. Be “hearty in your approbation and lavish in your praise.”
-Give the other person a fine reputation to live up to.
-Use encouragement. Make the fault seem easy to correct.
-Make the other person happy about doing the thing you suggest.
Criticism
“Criticism is futile because it puts a person on the defensive and usually makes him strive to justify himself. Criticism is dangerous, because it wounds a person’s precious pride, hurts his sense of importance, and arouses resentment. …. Any fool can criticize, condemn and complain—and most fools do. But it takes character and self-control to be understanding and forgiving.”
People are Emotional
“When dealing with people, let us remember we are not dealing with creatures of logic. We are dealing with creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudices and motivated by pride and vanity.”
The Key to Influencing Others
“The only way on earth to influence other people is to talk about what they want and show them how to get it.”
The Secret of Success
“If there is any one secret of success, it lies in the ability to get the other person’s point of view and see things from that person’s angle as well as from your own.”
FMM 325
Milestone Three
Megan Georg ...
· Weight 11 of course gradeInstructionsData Instrument and DLesleyWhitesidefv
· Weight: 11% of course grade
Instructions
Data Instrument and Data Collection Tool
For this assignment, you will complete another portion of the research paper, which will be included in your final paper in Unit VII. In part one of this assignment, you will describe your data instrument. In part two, you will provide the data collection tool that will be used in your research study (remember this is a hypothetical research study that you will not conduct).
For part one, Data Instrument, provide the following:
· What type of research will be conducted (qualitative, quantitative)?
· Is this a questionnaire with open-ended or close-ended questions or an interview?
· Will there be a questionnaire, face-to-face interviews, or the use of the telephone or mail?
· Will there be an interview (one-on-one or group)?
· Who is the study population?
For part two, Data Collection Tool, provide the following:
· Give a short introduction on your research; provide the purpose of your study and why you chose to conduct it.
· Explain how long participation will take.
· Explain how you will avoid sampling bias.
· Provide a minimum of ten (10) questions for your questionnaire.
Submit a two to three-page paper (page count does not include title and references pages). Please adhere to APA Style when creating citations and references for this assignment. APA formatting, however, is not necessary.
Resources
10/5/2021 Assignment Print View
https://ezto.mheducation.com/hm.tpx?todo=c15SinglePrintView&singleQuestionNo=2.&postSubmissionView=13252714224874008,13252714225034381&wid=13252717358425567&role=student&pid=34975829_51290… 1/4
Problem-Solving Application Case—
Incentives Gone Wrong, then Wrong
Again, and Wrong Again
The Wells Fargo scandal demonstrates how a company’s choice and implementation of performance management incentives can have
disastrous side effects. This activity is important because it illustrates why managers must never implement an incentive scheme without
considering as much as possible any and all effects that it may have on employees’ behavior.
The goal of this activity is for you to understand the link between the details of Wells Fargo’s incentive scheme and the employee behaviors that
resulted from it.
Read about how performance incentives led to scandal at Wells Fargo. Then, using the three-step problem-solving approach, answer the
questions that follow.
Money is an important tool for both attracting and motivating talent. If you owned a company or were its CEO, you would likely agree and
choose performance management practices to deliver such outcomes. It also is possible you’d use incentives to help align your employees’
interests, behaviors, and performance with those of the company. After all, countless companies have used incentives very successfully, but not
all. The incentives used by Wells Fargo had disastrous consequences for employees, customers, and the company itself.
The Scenario and Behaviors
A client enters a ...
· Week 3 Crime Analysis BurglaryRobbery· ReadCozens, P. M.LesleyWhitesidefv
· Week 3: Crime Analysis: Burglary/Robbery
· Read:
Cozens, P. M., Saville, G., & Hillier, D. (2005). Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED): A review and modern bibliography. Property Management, 23(5), 328-356. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/docview/213402232?accountid=8289
Famega, C. N., Frank, J., & Mazerolle, L. (2005). Managing police patrol time: The role of supervisor directives. Justice Quarterly : JQ, 22(4), 540-559. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/docview/228177475?accountid=8289
Zhang, C., Gholami, S., Kar, D., Sinha, A., Jain, M., Goyal, R., & Tambe, M. (2016). Keeping pace with criminals: An extended study of designing patrol allocation against adaptive opportunistic criminals. Games, 7(3), 15. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.apus.edu/10.3390/g7030015
Lesson Introduction
After reading this week’s materials, you will be able to define the role of police patrol and its importance as applied to law enforcement intelligence.
Lesson Objectives
● Outline and discuss early police and patrol procedures
● Evaluate modern patrol allocations
Course Objectives that apply to this lesson:
CO: (3) Demonstrate an understanding of the history of police patrol procedures from the days of early policing to modern day policing allocations.
Patrol
There are many ways to determine the best way to allocate patrol resources in a community. Some of them are covered in our studies but that is not the whole story. Keep in mind that it is more likely to be a combination of models as well as a sensitivity to specific to regional and demographic considerations.
It is important to take many variables into consideration when determining how best to utilize patrols. At the same time, we must remember to expect the unexpected and be as prepared as possible to respond. No two situations, weeks, months, or years will ever be exactly the same. This is part of what makes a career in criminal justice such a challenge and also so rewarding.
In the early 1900’s and before the work of August Vollmer, there was not much information concerning police allocation. Vollmer created a list of police functions such as crime prevention, criminal investigation, traffic control, and patrol. In the early deployment allocation models, the police were distributed based on calls for service and officer workloads. Although what appeared to be effective at the time, more research began to see potential issues with this model such as police saturation may cause a higher number of arrests. Other departments in this time frame distributed patrol units evenly without taking into account other factors such as crimes, population, distance, or number of personnel.
Preventative Patrol
As police operations moved forward, other methods of deployment emerged. In the 1960’s, law enforcement professional started to shift focus on preventative patrol methods. As discussed in previous lessons, t ...
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
3. conditions of merchantability, of fitness for a particular purpose
, of accuracy or completeness of responses,
of results, of workmanlike effort, of lack of viruses, and
of lack of negligence, all with regard to the
document.
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WITH REGARD TO THE DOCUMENT. IN NO EVENT
WILL GEOMETRIC LIMITED BE LIABLE TO ANY
OTHER
PARTY FOR LOST PROFITS, LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF DATA
, OR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, DIRECT,
INDIRECT, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES WHETHER UNDER
CONTRACT, TORT, WARRANTY, OR OTHERWISE,
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THIS DOCUMENT, WHETH
ER OR NOT SUCH PARTY HAD ADVANCE NOTICE OF
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This document is disclosed only to the recipient pursuant to a co
nfidentiality relationship under which the
recipient has confidentiality obligations defined herein
after. This document constitutes confidential
4. information and contains proprietary information belonging to
Geometric Limited, and the recipient, by its
receipt of this document, acknowledges the same. The recipient
shall use the confidential information only
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ed. The recipient must obtain Geometric
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t acknowledges its obligation to comply
with the provisions of this confidentiality notice.
3
Getting ready for PLM
Contents
Introduction............................................................................
............................................ 4
5. Automation Frameworks..........................................................
.......................................... 4
The Need for a Framework
....................................................................................... ........
..........4
Types of Frameworks...............................................................
...................................................5
Test Automation Life Cycle (TALC).........................................
............................................. 6
Cost of test automation............................................................
.......................................... 9
Cost of the Automation Tool....................................................
...................................................9
Cost of the Automation Effort..................................................
...................................................9
Benefits of Test Automation.....................................................
........................................ 10
ROI on Automation: A Conservative Estimate...........................
....................................... 11
What can be Automated...........................................................
........................................ 12
What to Automate, and When
......................................................................................... 13
Relationship of the TALC to the SDLC.....................................
.......................................... 13
6. Challenges in Automation........................................................
......................................... 13
Automation Best Practices........................................................
........................................ 14
Conclusion..............................................................................
........................................... 14
About the Author.....................................................................
......................................... 15
About Geometric
...............................................................................................
............... 15
4
Getting ready for PLM
Introduction
Of every four dollars spent on software development, at least on
e dollar goes towards testing. Of
this dollar, at
least 70 cents go towards functional testing. Within functional t
esting, test case
design is the key determinant of the quality of testing, but it is t
7. est execution that is the single
largest consumer of effort. This effort multiplies rapidly with th
e number of configurations to be
tested, is required in cycles, and is repetitive to a significant ext
ent. Companies are constantly
looking for ways to ‘rationalize’ this cost and enable comprehen
sive testing, rather than having
to make risky choices about which platforms to test
thoroughly. Test automation offers an
elegant way to tackle this challenge, though it is by no means an
instant panacea. This explains
why worldwide spending on test automation is growing 10% fas
ter than spending on testing as a
whole.
Test automation refers to the development and usage of
tools to determine the success or
failure of pre‐ specified test cases, against the Application Und
er Test (AUT), without human input.
The primary objective of test automation is to reduce repetitive
manual tasks.
Several commercially available test automation tools allow the r
ecording of user actions taken on
the AUT. The recording session generates scripts that can later
be replayed without human input.
8. This paper attempts to outline the what, why, how and when of t
est automation. It focuses more
on automation for the QA team, as compared to that for the Dev
elopment team.
Automation Frameworks
The Need for a Framework
An automation test suite can be built by simply recording variou
s test cases. However, it is often
possible to significantly enhance the reusability and maintainabi
lity of such suites, by developing
frameworks for automation.
Reusability
•
Consider an AUT that has a combo with five possible values. Fu
rther, assume there are five
separate test cases, each using a different value, but identical in
other respects. If we use the
‘record and replay’ approach, we would have to record five diff
erent test cases. Instead, we
can abstract the combo as an argument to be passed to the script
, and then call the same
script five times with different arguments.
• There are certain user actions – log on, for instance –
9. that might be common to several test
cases. Again, these actions (sequences) can be abstracted
out and reused in several
automated test cases, rather than recording the same sequence m
ultiple times. Short action
sequences can also be used to compose long ones.
5
Getting ready for PLM
Maintainability
Consider a website (the AUT) that has a set of commonly neede
d links appearing in several web
pages. Further assume that we have automated the testing of this
website.
In the absence of any frameworks, the
identification of the links will be arbitrary: it could
be indexed on the current page layout, for
instance. In a future version of the website, these
indices could change – say, due to the addition of
10. other links. In this case, each test script involving a
web page that has this set of links will be broken,
and will need rectification. This could mean a
significant rework effort, as there could be many
such pages and perhaps the whole website.
Additional benefits of a framework
A framework makes it easy to provide
exception handling and wait
mechanisms, both of which further
increase robustness.
_________________________________
A well designed set of utilities in the
framework makes it easy to create a
dashboard of the test results.
Instead, if named references are provided to these links and onl
y these names are referred by
the test scripts; then changes will be needed only to (re)map the
names to the actual links.
Conceptually, a framework eliminates ‘hard coding’ and provide
s ‘modularization’. Based on our
experience, we estimate that in the long run, up to 50%
of the script development and
maintenance effort can be saved by investing in creating an auto
11. mation framework.
Types of Frameworks
Automation frameworks can broadly be classified into three typ
es.
• Data driven: In this approach, variables are used to hold
test data. At runtime, these
variables could be loaded from an external data source. This app
roach reduces the problem
of hard coding. Note that identification of GUI elements is still
hard coded; for instance, the
script might contain instructions that effectively mean ‐
Select the image whose index
number is 3.
•
Keyword driven: In this approach, the input, user actions and ex
pected output are encoded
using keywords that are typically independent of the AUT. A tes
t case is encoded as a record
composed of these keywords. Test suites composed of such test
cases are typically stored in
tables. As part of the framework development, scripts are writte
n to translate these records
to a specific AUT.
This approach reduces the problem of hard coding and also prov
ides modularization.
12. •
Hybrid: This approach combines the two approaches outlined ab
ove, and brings in benefits
derived from both. Over a period of time, hybrid frameworks ha
ve emerged as the de facto
standard for automation requirements. Based on our
experience, we recommend serious
evaluation of the hybrid approach during framework design.
6
Getting ready for PLM
Test Automation Life Cycle (TALC)
Broadly, the Test Automation Life Cycle can be depicted as foll
ows. It should not be assumed that
efforts (person weeks) will be proportional to the schedules (cal
endar weeks) indicated.
Release Cycle n n+1
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Study
Framework
Design
13. Scripting
Execution &
reporting
Script
Maintenance
Scripting
Legend
Activities related to Release n‐ 1
Activities related to Release n
Activities related to Release n+1
Release independent activities
The automation project should ideally be divided into five distin
ct phases as described below. It
is assumed that test case design is already done, and is not treat
ed as part of the automation
effort.
Study
Typically, the study phase would involve the following steps:
•
Identification of a few (could be just two) test cases that are fair
ly complex
•
14. Identification of candidate tools. Several (say six) tools may be
compared and a few (say, two
or three) may be tagged as candidates. This short‐ listing
should be based on a multiple
criteria, some of them being support for the AUT’s
underlying technology, scripting
languages, cost etc.
•
PoC (Proof of Concept) automation of the selected test cases usi
ng the candidate tools. The
main intent is to discover problems that a particular automation
tool may have with the AUT,
and solutions to those problems. At this point, the focus is not o
n elegance in scripting, script
reuse etc.
•
Broad assessment of the long term returns from the automation i
nitiative
7
Getting ready for PLM
• If the above assessment confirms sponsorship for the
automation initiative, then
recommend the tool to be used, and the test cases to be taken up
15. in the first automation
cycle.
Deliverables from this phase
• Broad assessment of the long term returns from automation
• Recommendation on the tool to use
• List of test cases to be taken up in the first automation cycle
• Data for estimation of subsequent phases
Framework Design
This phase is similar to the high level design phase in the SDLC
(Software Development Lifecycle)
and involves deciding the type of framework to create, how to o
rchestrate the execution, and so
on.
Deliverables from this phase
• Architecture for the framework
•
High level flowchart for the way test case execution will be orc
hestrated
• Format for reporting test results
• Test management strategy if not already decided
16. • List of the main keywords and functions that will be required
Scripting
The scripting phase is similar to the construction (coding) and u
nit testing phase in the SDLC. It
includes verification to ensure that an automatically executed te
st case returns the exact same
result as the manually executed test case.
Deliverables from this phase
• Automated test cases
• Test result reporting mechanism
In order to precisely estimate the effort required for
scripting, it is recommended that the
following points are identified for each test case to be automate
d
•
Action points: They represent the number of user actions (clicks
, selections, etc.) that are
required while executing the test case. Conceptually, they are si
milar to ‘function points’ in
application development, but are at a much finer level of granul
arity.
• Verification points: These are of two types
• Checks required for the automation itself to work
17. correctly. For instance, has a link
appeared before we attempt to click it?
• Checks that are deliberately inserted to validate the
behavior of the AUT. These are
conceptually similar to ‘asserts’ used in application developmen
t.
8
Getting ready for PLM
A verification point often takes more efforts to develop than an
action point.
As a guiding indicator, scripting effort is linearly proportional t
o the number of action points and
verification points. The other factors that significantly impact t
he scripting effort are
•
Recording support: While most tools provide support for recordi
ng, some don’t (e.g. Unified
TestPro). In such cases, higher efforts are needed.
• Level of reuse: Higher the level of reuse of action and
verification points, the lower the
effort needed.
•
Wait points: More the wait points and their complexity, higher t
18. he effort needed.
•
AUT(s): Higher the complexity of the AUT, the higher the effor
t needed. Also, greater effort
is typically needed when more than one AUT is involved. The ar
chitecture of the AUT also
impacts the scripting effort needed (e.g. client‐ server versus w
eb).
Execution and reporting
This phase involves the actual execution of the automated test c
ases, and reporting the results.
This is an ongoing phase and is almost completely automatic.
Deliverable from this phase
• Test results (summary and detailed)
Maintenance
Maintenance involves modifying and updating the automated tes
t cases as required, to ensure
that they remain true to the intent of the test. Typical reasons ne
cessitating maintenance are–
• A GUI change in the AUT
• Enhancement of the test case
Deliverable from this phase
19. • Updated / enhanced automated test cases
While good framework design will minimize the need to
rework the scripts in response to a
change like GUI enhancement in the AUT, it is usually difficult
to eliminate this need completely.
9
Getting ready for PLM
Cost of test automation
Investment in automation has two key components
• Investment in the automation tool
•
Investment in the effort required for developing, executing and
maintaining the automated
test suite
Cost of the Automation Tool
Typical single user, perpetual licenses cost in the range of USD
5,000 for a named user license,
and USD 10,000 for a floating
license. AMCs are usually 20% of the license costs. Some of the
most successful commercial test automation tools are provided b
20. y vendors like HP, IBM, Borland
and AutomatedQA.
Cost of the Automation Effort
Estimates discussed here are a broad representation and are base
d on our experience with test
automation of CAx and PLM systems. Actual estimates
would primarily depend on the AUT,
automation tools and the actual test cases to be automated
• Study would take four‐ eight person weeks of effort.
•
Framework design would take two‐ four person weeks of effort.
•
Scripting: As indicated earlier, we recommend point based esti
mation. However, if a rough
estimate is needed in the early phases of the automation project,
then the number of web
pages / forms, controls embedded in them, etc. can be used to ar
rive at an estimate of the
number of test cases, which can then be translated into an effort
estimate.
•
Reporting: Creating the result reporting mechanism would take
one person week of effort.
21. 10
Getting ready for PLM
Benefits of Test Automation
Shorter test cycles
A ‘test cycle’ refers to a single run of a set of test cases. For ins
tance, a system test cycle means
that all system test cases have been run. Automation significantl
y reduces the time required to
execute a test cycle through
•
Faster action triggering: Typically, a script can trigger actions o
n the AUT much faster than a
human. However, actual actions triggered (UI interactions done)
during a manual test might
be different from those during an automated test due to a limitat
ion of the automation tool.
• 24x7 replays: Since it is rare for manual testing to be
done for more than eight working
hours in a day, the fact that automated replays can
run continuously, offers a significant
reduction in the test cycle time.
22. A 50‐ 70% reduction in the test cycle time is common.
Saving of manual testers’ time
The saving in a test engineer’s time is almost linearly proportio
nal to the number of test cases
automated, and the number of test cycles to be executed.
Repeatability
In complex test environments (those involving several
application components, platforms,
environment variables, etc.) human error can creep into
manual test execution. Automation
ensures 100% repeatability and hence greater predictability in e
xecution.
Enabling non‐ functional testing –
synergy with other quality tools
With additional tools and effort, it is often possible to configure
special runs of the automated
test cases in order to perform non‐ functional testing, for examp
le:
• Performance testing
• Scalability/ load testing
• Memory profiling
• Code coverage and impact analysis
23. Depending on the project’s priorities, the above benefits can be
translated into higher quality,
lower costs or lesser time to market.
11
Getting ready for PLM
ROI on Automation: A Conservative Estimate
Based on the benefits outlined above, we recommend that autom
ation should be seen as an
overall quality and productivity improvement initiative,
rather than merely as a cost saving
exercise.
At the same time, automation is more amenable, as
compared to some other quality
improvement initiatives, to a return on
investment (ROI) analysis. The monetary values of the
following can be compared:
•
Return: Saving of manual testers’ time, converted to a monetary
value
• Investment
24. • Cost of the automation tool
• Cost of the automation effort
For automation of functional test cases, a typical ROI profile mi
ght look like the one below.
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 2 3 4
Release Cycle
K
U
SD
‐ 100%
‐ 50%
0%
50%
100%
25. 150%
200%
%
ag
e
Cost of the Tool Cost of the Automation Effort
Cumulative %age test cases automated ROI %age
The above ROI assessment can be termed conservative, as it onl
y considers cost elements, and
does not take into account the benefits resulting from shorter cy
cles, higher repeatability, etc.
12
Getting ready for PLM
What can be Automated
There is a wide spectrum of tasks that can be automated
• Test data generation (particularly useful for load testing)
• Unit testing
• Integration testing
26. • System testing involving a single AUT
• System testing involving multiple AUTs and their integrations
• AUT installation
Non‐ textual input/ output
Consider a simple 2D CAD AUT that has a graphics area, in whi
ch the user can pick objects such
as circles, lines, etc. and drag them with the mouse. Or, conside
r an AUT that converts text to
speech. Commercially available automation tools are usually un
able to handle such AUTs out‐ of‐
the‐ box. However, with additional effort, it
is possible to automate testing of AUTs with non‐
textual input/ output as well.
Pixel based automation and journal based automation, two com
mon solutions to this problem
are described in more detail in the table below. While the CAD
AUT has been used as an example,
variations of the approaches described can be used with
other types of AUTs – the text‐ to‐
speech application, for instance.
Challenges
27. Non‐ textual input Non‐ textual output
A
p
p
ro
ac
h
Record the user actions of picking the circle, dragging the
mouse, etc. just like other user actions
Save a screenshot of the output to a
bitmap file
Then compare this with the reference
bitmap
GUI based, leading to high fidelity with respect to manual testin
g
P
ro
s
No extra coding required
P
ix
el
b
as
ed
a
u
28. to
m
at
io
n
C
o
n
s
Automation tends to be brittle. This can be mitigated by fine co
ntrol over the environment, by not picking
close to the edge, validating output at the right precision level,
etc.
A
p
p
ro
ac
h
Journal inputs (Pick Circle#15, Apply Move [10, 15], etc.) to
a file (one‐ time activity)
Write a test app that mimics the user by using this file to
drive the API of the AUT
Commercial automation tool not used at all
Record the test case as usual
Journal outputs (NewCirclePosition [25,70])
to a file during test execution
Compare this output file with the reference
29. file
P
ro
s Highly robust automation ‐ not affected by environment,
precision, etc. and even by changes to the GUI
Robust automation ‐ not affected by
environment, precision, etc.
Extra coding required in the AUT for journaling
GUI used neither for input nor for output ‐ leading to a
significant loss of fidelity with respect to manual testing
GUI used for input but not for testing
output ‐ leading to a loss of fidelity with
respect to manual testing
So
lu
ti
o
n
s
Jo
u
rn
al
b
as
ed
a
u
30. to
m
at
io
n
C
o
n
s
Significant extra coding required to create the test apps
13
Getting ready for PLM
What to Automate, and When
We do not recommend making automation decisions solely
on the basis of (costs only) ROI.
However, given that automation needs a non‐ trivial
effort, it is advisable to undertake
automation only after some parts of the AUT have become fairly
stable. This ensures that the
automated test cases will get executed enough number of times t
o offset the automation effort.
A few consequences of this rationale are as follows:
31. • Automation is much more attractive in product
development, as compared to services
projects.
•
In product development, it would be prudent to start automation
after a couple of releases
of the product. This ensures that chances of a GUI overhaul are
minimal.
• It is advisable to first automate those test cases that
involve functionalities that are fairly
stable. New features could typically be taken up for automation
in the next release. This also
means that automation is most effective for regression testing.
Relationship of the TALC to the SDLC
Since much automation is targeted towards regression testing, it
is not essential to synchronize
the Test Automation Lifecycle with the Software Development
Lifecycle. An automation initiative
can be started at any point in the SDLC, given that some parts o
f the AUT have reached stability.
However for convenience in planning and tracking, it
is common to synchronize these two life
cycles, and to then treat the TALC as a sub‐ project of the main
SDLC. This is depicted in the figure
below.
32. Challenges in Automation
•
The choice of the tool is often restricted by the technology und
erlying the AUT. For instance,
a popular cross‐ platform development framework Qt
is not supported well by one of the
leading automation tools.
• In web applications, multi‐ window test cases are usually
difficult to automate. Pop‐ ups,
single child windows are not a problem.
•
Integrations between AUTs are sometimes difficult to automate.
14
Getting ready for PLM
Automation Best Practices
We recommend the following best practices for automation.
• Since automation frameworks are essentially about
abstraction, an important set of best
practices deals with ensuring loose coupling between –
• The test data and the test scripts,
33. • Test scripts themselves,
• The automation framework and the AUT(s),
• The test cases and the automation framework, and
• The automation framework and the automation tool.
The entities listed above will essentially have to reference
one another to form a complete
working test automation system. It is important that these refere
nces be through well defined
interfaces only.
• Keyword names should be carefully chosen, so that
human readability is also high. This
enables gradual transitioning from manual testing to automated
testing.
• Avoid duplication in scripts. Any duplication should be
investigated to check whether a
separate unit (say, function) can be created.
•
Verification points should be judiciously inserted into the script
s. In case of test case failure,
these points accelerate the process of zeroing in on the reason o
f the failure.
• The development of an automation framework is similar
to the development of an
application in several respects, and hence should be planned and
tracked as a (sub) project
34. in itself. It should be noted that framework creation and
test case design are distinct
activities (and require different skills).
•
Simpler test cases should be automated before complex ones. Th
is makes it easy for later
scripts to build on earlier ones. There is an exception to this app
roach though: fairly complex
test cases should be taken up in the study phase, as the
objective there is to discover
problems in automation (rather than achieving a high level of re
use).
Conclusion
Test automation offers a promising way of quality and productiv
ity improvement in the area of
software testing – particularly in products. While manual
testing is required and also desired
(except perhaps for a product that is purely in sustenance mode)
, the time and cost required for
it can be significantly reduced. Moreover, a part of this saving c
an be invested for better quality.
15
35. Getting ready for PLM
Commercial tools and a rapidly growing body of knowledge hav
e led to a reduction in the time
needed for monetary returns to be seen, thus accelerating the ad
option of test automation in
the industry.
We recommend that for all product development, at least
the study phase of the test
automation lifecycle should be undertaken.
About the Author
Prashant Anaskure is the Head of the Quality Assurance
and Support Practice, part of the
Software Product Engineering group, at Geometric.
Prashant has a very strong background in
product development lifecycle having worked for over ten years
with different busines units in
Geometric. Prashant has lead teams in product development and
quality assurance activities for
Geometric’s Enterprise Products, Desktop Products and also for
our key customers.
About Geometric
Geometric is a specialist
36. in the domain of engineering solutions, services and technologie
s. Its
portfolio of Global Engineering services and Digital
Technology solutions for Product Lifecycle
Management (PLM) enables companies to formulate, implement
, and execute global engineering
and manufacturing strategies aimed at achieving greater efficien
cies in the product realization
lifecycle.
Headquartered in Mumbai, India, Geometric was
incorporated in 1994 and is listed on the
Bombay and National Stock Exchanges. The company recorded
consolidated revenues of Rupees
4.86 billion (US Dollars 121.6 million) for the year ended Marc
h 2008. It employs close to 3000
people across 10 global delivery locations in the US,
France, Romania, India, and China.
Geometric is assessed at SEI CMMI Level 5 for its software ser
vices and ISO 9001:2000 certified
for engineering operations. For further details, please visit www
.geometricglobal.com.
http://www.geometricglobal.com/IntroductionAutomation
FrameworksTest Automation Life Cycle (TALC)Cost of test
automationBenefits of Test AutomationROI on Automation: A
Conservative EstimateWhat can be AutomatedWhat to
37. Automate, and WhenRelationship of the TALC to the
SDLCChallenges in AutomationAutomation Best
PracticesConclusionAbout the AuthorAbout Geometric
This assignment is not required but is offered for those who
wish to add to their point totals. In order to get these points,
you must submit the assignment on or before November 10 at
11:00 pm CENTRAL TIME. Your paper per must be at least
550 words in length and must address the issues below.
The assignments consist of finding a newspaper article that is
published between October 5, 2021 and November 10, 2021
either in a local paper or in an on-line newspaper such as the
New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Sun Times,
Washington Post, Greenwood Commonwealth or any
other United States or English language newspaper. This means
CNN, yahoo, Fox News, MSNBC, Huffington Post, tv station
websites, etc. are not eligible for these assignments. ONLY
NEWSPAPERS/NEWSPAPER websites. Each article must have
some discussion of, or allusion to, African American history or
issues.
1. The article must come from newspapers, not websites
unconnected to a print paper. Don't use opinion/commentary
articles. Ask your instructor if you don't know what this is.
2. Cite the article [Title of the article, author [if given], name of
the newspaper, date of publication] AT THE TOP OF YOUR
PAPER. Put your name at the top of the paper, as well. No
repeat headers allowed in your papers. You lose 5 points if you
don’t follow the citation and repeat header direction. For this
course, the only repeat header that should appear on your pages
is a page number.
3. You are to summarize the article and the point of view of the
author.
4. Then indicate whether your textbook sheds any light on the
subject---use the index and cite the textbook pages.
5. Comment on how history is “used” by contemporary authors
to support their points of view or illustrate subject matters they
38. deal with.
6. Have you learned anything from the article?
7. Finally, and most importantly, what are the specific sources
the author(s) cite(s)/uses to support the article? That is, how
does the author prove to you, their reader, that they have facts
to back up their writing? They won't have a bibliography, but
they normally are letting their readers know where they are
getting their information. Don't use opinion/commentary
articles.
Your assignment must be turned in to Canvas by 11:00 pm
CENTRAL TIME on the date it is due. It must be at least 550
words in length, must address the seven numbered issues above,
and the article must have been published in the designated
dating range for the assignment in which you are turning in the
paper. The subject matter of the articles must be on a topic
appropriate for the course. You are not guaranteed the full 25
points if you don't follow these directions.
Another object of the assignment, as with other assignments in
the course, is to have you follow specific directions, as you
would be asked to do in any job situation.
The point of these assignments is for you to think about how
history relates to what is happening now, so think about this
issue as you write your essay.
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