One of the major Biological macromolecules is lipids. Lipids are biomolecule that are insoluble to water. This includes fat and oil, waxes, cholesterol and phospolipids. In this slides includes different type of lipids and its function and role. Also food sources.

1. WHAT IS LIPIDS?

2. LIPIDS
- are biomolecules that are insoluble in water but
soluble in nonpolar solvents like chloroform or
benzene. Lipids also make up the semipermeable
membrane of the cell.
- the components are Carbon, Hydrogen, and
Oxygen

3. TYPES OF LIPIDS
Fats and Oils
Phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes

4.  FATS and OIL – they are triglycerides because they are formed from the
reaction between the three fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated, and
polyunsaturated) and a glycerol (alcohol).
• SATURATED FATS – a type of fat containing a high proportion of fatty
acids molecules without double bonds, less healthy than unsaturated fat.
They tend to get packed tightly together and are solid at room temperature.
Ex. Palmitic acids (meat)
Butyric acids (butter)
• UNSATURATED FATS – liquid at room temperature and are called oil.
Help to improve blood cholesterol levels.
Ex. Olive oil
Canola oil

5. 2 TYPES OF UNSATURATED FATS
• TRANS-FAT – Two hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides.There are two forms
of trans-fat which are the natural trans-fat and artificial. They are formed during
the process of hydrogenation of vegetable oils.
Hydrogenation- the process of transforming oils to semi-solid for less spoilage
Ex: stick margarine
doughnuts
• CIS-FAT – Both hydrogen atoms are located on the same side. They are typical
in natural foods
Ex: Fish, nuts

6.  PHOSPHOLIPIDS- it forms most of the structure of the cell membrane.
They are composed of glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate
group that is modified by an alcohol.
PHOSPHATIDE- the glycerol-based phospholipids.
Ex: Lecithin- an effective emulsifying agent and plays roll in fat
metabolism in the liver.
Lysolecithin- a phospholipid that can destroy red blood cells and
caused spasmodic muscle contraction
 STEROIDS – also called sterols, characterized by the presence of 4 linked
carbon-rings (3 cyclohexane rings and 1 cyclopentane).
CHOLESTEROL- is a sterol formed in brain tissue, nerved tissue, and the blood.
Ex: Birth control pills

7.  WAXES – made of a fatty acid and a long alcohol chain. They have a high
melting point and exist as solid at room temperature.
Ex: Beeswax- from honey comb. Used in shoe polish, candles, crayons,
as well as in the manufacture of artificial flowers.
Carnauba- from leaves of carnauba palm. Used in making leather,
furniture, and shoes.
Jojoba wax- from seeds of jojoba plant. Used in formulation of cosmetics,
gear-oil additives, and various lubricants.

8. FUNCTION OF LIPIDS
• TRIGLYCERIDES- Energy storage, thermal insulation, binding organs
together
• FATTY ACIDS- precursor of triglycerides and source of energy
• STEROID- chemical messengers between cells
• PHOSPHOLIPIDS- major component of cell membrane and aid in fat
digestion
• CHOLESTEROL- component of cell membrane and precursor of other
steroids

9. SOURCES OF LIPIDS