The document explores various philosophical perspectives on beauty, highlighting that beauty is both subjective and objective, with insights from figures such as Plato, Aristotle, and Kant. It emphasizes the significant role culture plays in shaping body image and self-esteem, as well as psychological phenomena related to physical attractiveness, such as the halo effect and cognitive biases. Additionally, it discusses the influence of hormonal factors on facial attractiveness and the evolutionary basis of perceived beauty traits among different genders.

1. WHAT
PHILOSOPHERS
THINK ABOUT
BEAUTY?

2. “Beauty is when you can
appreciate yourself. When you
love yourself, that’s when
you’re most beautiful”
- Zoe Kravitz

3. What is beauty?
How beauty is appreciated
varies through time, culture,
and the various perceptions
about the world.

4. Beauty is defined in so many
ways, but in its simplest sense,
beauty can be described as
HAPPINESS.

5. No culture, company, or concept
could ever truly define beauty.
“The best and most beautiful
things in the world cannot be
seen or even touched- they must
be felt with heart”
-Helen Keller

6. 1.BEAUTY IS OBJECTIVE
2.BEAUTY IS SUBJECTIVE
THE TWO MOST-DEBATED
VIEWS ABOUT BEAUTY ARE:

7. ST. AUGUSTINE -
asked whether things
were beautiful because
it gave delight, or
whether it gave delight
because it was
beautiful. He believed
it to be the latter.

8. PLATO - connected beauty
as a response to love and
desire. He asserted that be
exists in the realm of
Forms, and that objects are
found beautiful because
they reflection of the idea
of beauty that already
exists in the realm of
Forms.

9. ARISTOTLE - asserted
that the chief forms of
beauty are order,
symmetry, and
definitens that can be
demonstrated by
mathematical
sciences.

10. DAVID HUME -
"Beauty is no quality
in things themselves:
It exists merely in the
mind which
contemplates them;
and each mind
perceives a different
beauty.

11. IMMANUEL KANT - "The
judgment of taste is
therefore not a
judgment of cognition,
and is consequently not
logical but aesthetical,
by which we understand
that whose determining
ground can be no other
than subjective".

12. FRANCIS HUTCHESON -
"The perception of
beauty does depend
on the external sense
of sight; however, the
internal sense of
beauty operates as an
internal or reflex
sense.

13. *The term for a makeup artist in Egyptian
hieroglyphic is derived from the root (sesh) which
means, "to write. to engrave."
*Makeup application was taken pretty seriously
back then: the same accuracy was needed paint
lips as etching symbols into a rock.
TRIVIA

14. WHAT DID PSYCHOLOGY
DISCOVER ABOUT BEAUTY?

15. - is an error in reasoning,
evaluating, remembering, or any
other mental process that is often a
result of holding on to one's
preferences and beliefs regardless
of contrary information.
A COGNITIVE BIAS

16. - (also known as the physical
attractiveness stereotype and the "what
is beautiful is good" principle) refers to
the tendency of people to rate attractive
individuals more favorably for their
personality traits or characteristics as
compared to those who are less
attractive.
THE HALO EFFECT

17. Meanwhile, evolutionary psychology found that
faces hold certain fundamental and important
characteristics that could indicate a person's
quality as a romantic partner and as a mate.
* For example, in the eyes of female
experimental participants, an attractive man is
generally one with relatively prominent
cheekbones and eyebrow ridges and a relatively
long lower face.

18. *Meanwhile, male raters generally
found women to be attractive with
prominent cheekbones, large eyes,
small nose, a taller forehead, smooth
skin, and an overall young or even
childlike appearance.

19. To acknowledge the research of Fink and
Penton-Voak (2002) and its contribution to
understanding the relationship between
hormones and facial attractiveness.
Suggesting that their research supports the
connection between hormonal influences and
facial attractiveness.
THE RESEARCH Of FINK AND PENTON-VOAK-
VOAK (2002)

20. SEX-TYPICAL FACIAL FEATURES:
A Window into Biology,
Evolution, and Perception

21. Sex-typical facial features refer to the
distinct physical characteristics that
differentiate the faces of men and
women. These differences are not
simply aesthetic but are deeply rooted in
our biology, shaped by hormonal
influences during development and
influenced by evolutionary pressures.

22. TESTOSTERONE
AND
ESTROGEN

23. During development, higher levels of
testosterone in males contribute to
features like a prominent jawline,
strong brow ridges, a wider nose, and
a longer lower face. These features are
often perceived as masculine and are
associated with health and strength.
TESTOSTERONE

24. ESTROGEN
Higher levels of estrogen in females
during development contribute to
features like a smaller jawline, delicate
features, a more rounded face, and a
smaller nose. These features are often
perceived as feminine and are
associated with youthfulness and
fertility.

25. STRONG INDICATORS Of
MALENESS/FEMALENESS
The passage highlights that we are
"programmed" to be drawn to strong
indicators of maleness (for women) and
femaleness (for men). These features, shaped
by hormonal influences, act as visual cues
that signal a potential mate's reproductive
fitness and ability to produce healthy

26. TRIVIA
A full-lipped, cheek-chiseled man in Ancient Greece
knew two things-that his beauty was a blessing (a gift
of the gods no less) and that his perfect exterior hid an
inner perfection.
For the Greeks a beautiful body was considered direct
evidence of a beautiful mind. They even had a word for
it-kaloskagathos which meant being gorgeous to look
af, and hence being a good person.

27. HOW CULTURAL TRADITIONS
SHAPE BODY IMAGES?

28. Culture plays a profound role in shaping how
we perceive our bodies, influencing our self-
esteem and impacting our overall well-being.
Body image, defined as how we think and
feel about our physical appearance, is deeply
intertwined with cultural norms, beauty
standards, and societal expectations.

29. *Cultural traditions can either be a positive or a
negative influence on the body image and on self
esteem. Body image is generally defined as how
ones thinks and feels toward one's body( yam,
2013; Cash & smolak, 2011)
*Hence they are more likely to engage in events
and behaviors that are related to their culture
choose friends, media, and even marital partners
from their culture (Yam, 2013; Yei & Huang, 1996).

30. *For example, ideal standards of
body sizes are culturally specific.
Since the 1960 ideal body sizes for
white American women have
emphasized thinness (Yam, 2013;
Fallm 1990; Wiseman, Gray,
Mosimann, & Ahrens, 1992).

31. • Digitally retouched photos are the norm, and this
mentality can negatively influence a person’s body
image.
• study reported that young Filipino women were
dissatisfied with their bodies that possibly
stemmed from unreasonable weight concerns and
extreme drive fo thinness (Torres, 2012).

32. • Does your body image have an impact on your
self esteem?
• Self esteem is important because it can affect your
mental health as well as how you behave.
• Body image is how you view view your physical
body, whether you feel attractive, how you feel
some other people like your looks.

33. How important is
physical beauty?

34. “Do not judge the book
by its cover”

35. based on the dictionary’s
definition of beauty is, “the
degree to which a person’s
physical traits are considered
pleasing of beautiful

36. Self image problem
happens when your
looks do not match with
your beauty standards.

37. THANKYOU FOR LISTENING!