The IT security industry is large and growing, with over 1,200 vendors worldwide, including 540 in the United States and 230 in the Bay Area. The industry is driven by growing threats like cyber warfare, cybercrime, hacktivism and exploratory hacking. New technologies emerge every 4-10 years, while new compliance regimes and audit practices develop on a timescale of 6 months to 2 years. The major segments of the industry include network security, identity and access management, endpoints, data protection, and cloud-based security services. Beaconing detection in gateways and whitelisting approaches for endpoint protection are newer developments. The industry continues to evolve as cyber conflicts increase globally.