What makeacivilizations activity
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The document discusses the key elements and resources needed for humans to survive - water, food, and shelter. It then examines the four major cradles of ancient civilizations - Mesopotamia along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Egypt along the Nile river, India along the Indus river, and China along the Yellow river. The document also lists the eight basic features of a civilization as writing systems, infrastructure, government/laws, art/architecture, social classes, organized religion, job specialization, and the development of cities.
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Culture is defined as the complex whole acquired by humans as members of society, including knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, customs, and law. It includes the man-made part of our environment. Culture encompasses symbols, cultural lag, ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, globalization, subcultures, and cultural diversity that exists through differences in race, religion, region, language, and social structures among cultural groups within a society. The key components that make up symbolic culture are symbols, gestures, language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos.
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This document outlines 8 key features of early civilizations: 1) Cities formed as settlements grew due to agricultural surplus, 2) Specialization of jobs emerged as societies became more complex, 3) Central governments oversaw cities and maintained order through laws, 4) Complex religions developed to appease gods through rituals, 5) Social classes stratified as some jobs were more respected than others, 6) Art and architecture expressed cultural beliefs and values, 7) Writing systems enabled record keeping of trade, food storage, laws, and ideas, and 8) Agricultural surplus initially allowed settlements to grow into cities with specialized populations.
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This document provides an overview of the development of early states and chiefdoms. It discusses how agriculture led to sedentary settlements and increasing social complexity, with some settlements developing into chiefdoms with social ranking and inequality. States are defined as having central governments and class divisions. The first states emerged in Mesopotamia by 5500 BP and later in Mesoamerica. Factors that contributed to state formation included population growth, conflicts over resources, and the need to regulate irrigation for agriculture. Archaeologists can identify early states by evidence of monumental architecture, centralized food storage, irrigation systems, and early writing systems.
Quick review
Fossil evidence shows that the earliest humans originated in Africa and spread across the globe. The word Mesopotamia literally means "land between rivers" referring to the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Judaism, with over 3,000 years of history, is the oldest monotheistic religion in the world. Early civilizations were polytheistic and technological breakthroughs like farming and domesticating animals occurred around 10,000 years ago.
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2. All humans share a common ancestry in Africa within the last 200,000 years. While biological traits have diversified slightly over time, this diversity is minor and primarily driven by genetic drift rather than natural selection.
3. Cultural evolution, not biological evolution, has been the main driver of increasing human diversity in the last 50,000 years as modern humans spread across the globe.
An overview of civilization
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This document provides an overview of using social network analysis to study cultural production. It discusses how the Manchester punk/post-punk music scene from 1976-1980 formed a cultural network among over 100 key actors. Having a "critical mass" of interconnected artists allowed resources and enthusiasm to be pooled, cultural work to be completed, and a music scene to emerge and be recognized. The network structure influenced opportunities for collaboration, support, and innovation. Studying relationships and dynamics within cultural networks can provide insights into how conventions, resources, and opportunities are distributed and how cultural production unfolds over time.
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Quick review
Fossil evidence shows that the earliest humans originated in Africa and spread across the globe. The word Mesopotamia literally means "land between rivers" referring to the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Judaism, with over 3,000 years of history, is the oldest monotheistic religion in the world. Early civilizations were polytheistic and technological breakthroughs like farming and domesticating animals occurred around 10,000 years ago.
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1. The document discusses the concept of human diversity and challenges the idea that diversity can be explained by biological races. It argues that race is a social construct not supported by genetic evidence.
2. All humans share a common ancestry in Africa within the last 200,000 years. While biological traits have diversified slightly over time, this diversity is minor and primarily driven by genetic drift rather than natural selection.
3. Cultural evolution, not biological evolution, has been the main driver of increasing human diversity in the last 50,000 years as modern humans spread across the globe.
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This document provides an overview of the origins and key developments of early civilization in the Middle East around 4000 BC. It notes that while agriculture had taken hold earlier, more time was needed for populations to grow sufficiently to support specialization and surplus production. By 4000 BC, widespread agriculture across the region along with new inventions and social organizations came together to provide the necessary conditions for civilization to emerge, centered initially in localized areas but pulling an expanding region into their economic orbit. Key factors that enabled this transition included improved agricultural productivity and the formation of regional population centers.
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The document provides an overview of key concepts in global history and social sciences, including:
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2) Early civilizations developed near rivers due to resources and barriers protecting from invasion. Mountains and deserts also isolated groups.
3) History studies past events, especially related to humans. Primary sources directly observed events, while secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources.
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The document discusses early civilizations that developed around rivers in fertile valleys. It describes how hunter-gatherer societies in Mesopotamia transitioned to farming along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers by 3000 BCE, forming several city-states, notably Sumer. Egypt is also discussed, with the annual Nile River floods depositing fertile silt and enabling the development of a unified civilization under King Menes around 3100 BCE. Surplus grain from agriculture allowed societies to support non-farmers and fund public works projects like the Great Pyramids of Giza. Overall, the document outlines how early humans in river valleys progressed from hunter-gatherers to establishing some of the first major civilizations in Mes
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This document provides information about ancient civilizations for students. It begins by defining what a civilization is. It then lists the learning objectives for the lesson, which are to name six ancient civilizations, four Ancient Wonders of the World, put civilizations in order using information, and explain the importance of ancient civilizations today. The document proceeds to provide details about specific ancient civilizations, activities for students to complete involving ordering civilizations by date, length of existence, and population size, and a template for information cards about each civilization.
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The document discusses some key features that emerged with the rise of early civilizations along river valleys approximately 5,000 years ago. Cities developed as farmers produced surplus food, leading to larger populations. Central governments formed to ensure food supply and protection, using bureaucratic systems. Rulers also commissioned public works like roads, bridges, and walls. Religion grew more complex with polytheistic beliefs and temple construction. Writing systems were invented to keep records for tasks like taxation and grain storage. Work became specialized rather than general, and social classes developed based on occupations. Art and architecture reflected cultural beliefs and values through religious buildings and governmental displays of strength.
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The document provides an overview of key concepts in global history and social sciences, including:
1) Geography studies location, place, inhabitants, and human adaptation. Rivers provided water and fertile soil, enabling early civilizations.
2) Early civilizations developed near rivers due to resources and barriers protecting from invasion. Mountains and deserts also isolated groups.
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This document provides information about ancient civilizations for students. It begins by defining what a civilization is. It then lists the objectives of the lesson which are to name six ancient civilizations, four ancient wonders of the world, put civilizations in order using information, and explain the importance of ancient civilizations today. The document proceeds to provide details about specific ancient civilizations, activities for students to complete using information cards, and a description of what information is on the cards.
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This document provides information about ancient civilizations for students. It begins by defining what a civilization is. It then lists the learning objectives for the lesson, which are to name six ancient civilizations, four Ancient Wonders of the World, put civilizations in order using information, and explain the importance of ancient civilizations today. The document proceeds to provide details about specific ancient civilizations, activities for students to complete involving ordering civilizations by date, length of existence, and population size, and a template for information cards about each civilization.
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The document provides information about ancient river valley civilizations, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley. It discusses the key characteristics and features of each civilization, such as their geography, governments, economies, social structures, and innovations. Students are asked questions to assess their understanding of topics like Mesopotamian laws, Egyptian pharaohs, and the Indus Valley's economy. The document uses images, diagrams, and text to convey information about these early civilizations in a comprehensive manner.
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The Indus Valley civilization and Shang Dynasty shared some similarities as early river valley societies, such as relying on agriculture, but they also differed in important ways. Both civilizations developed complex urban planning and irrigation systems to support agriculture along major river valleys. However, the Shang Dynasty left behind extensive oracle bone inscriptions that provided insights into their religious beliefs and rulers, unlike the Indus Valley civilization which left no written records.
Civilization2
This document provides an overview of several ancient civilizations including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and the Indus Valley. It discusses the key characteristics that define civilization, including food surpluses, new technologies, organized social structures, division of labor, calendars, writing systems, and the development of the Bronze and Iron Ages. For each civilization, the summary highlights important time periods, rulers, belief systems, and cultural/scientific achievements. It concludes by noting the four modern global civilizations of Islamic, South Asian, East Asian, and Western.
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Early writing began as pictograms used by Mesopotamians to record crop amounts and taxes. Over time, these signs evolved into the script known as cuneiform, which was invented in southern Mesopotamia. Cuneiform was adopted by other groups like the Sumerians and Akkadians to record all sorts of administrative and cultural information. Scribes wrote cuneiform wedge-shaped signs onto clay tablets using reed tools, and the system developed over thousands of years, with signs changing orientation and taking on multiple meanings, including becoming representations of sounds.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
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What makeacivilizations activity
- 1. Ancient Civilizations What makes a civilization? M Anderson
- 2. What are the elements or resources that humans need to survive? They need a source of Water Food shelter
- 3. Did Ancient People only settle in the Fertile Crescent along the Euphrates River? No….. Let’s take a look at an Ancient Map of the World.
- 5. The Four Cradles of Civilization Mesopotamia – people settled along the Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys Egypt – people settled along the Nile River Valley India – people settled along the Indus River Valley China – people settled along the Yellow River
- 6. Learning Objective: What advances in government, technology, and culture did early civilizations make? Think of the word Civilized. Write down three ways to describe civilized or how you would associate with the word civilized. (5 minutes)
- 7. OUR CIVILIZATION: NEW YORK CITY WHAT FACTORS MAKE US A “CIVILIZED” AND COMPLEX SOCIETY? Write down at least 3 ideas.
- 8. *NOTES* CIVILIZATION- (1) group of people living and working together for the purpose of creating an organized society. (2) “the highest cultural grouping of people which distinguishes humans from other species” (3) “complex systems or network of cities that emerge from pre-urban culture” WHAT IS A CIVILIZATION???
- 9. *NOTES* EIGHT BASIC FEATURES OF A CIVILIZATION: (1) Writing Systems (2) Infrastructure- public works such as bridges, roads etc. (3) Government / Laws
- 10. *NOTES* (4) Art / Architecture (5) Social Classes
- 11. *NOTES* (6) Organized Religion (7) Job Specialization (8) Development of Cities
- 12. On your own sheet of paper. Activity: Rank the “Eight Characteristics of a Civilization” in order of what you think is most important and why.
- 13. Writing In one paragraph (5-7 sentences), discuss two negative (bad) and two positive (good) consequences of civilization growth. What types of issues do complex societies deal with??? Think about the problems that we have in society: good ones and bad.