What is the role of president of india
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History of indian constitution
The document discusses the history of the Indian Constitution. It covers the development of the constitution from independence to the present day. However, no other details were provided in the document to summarize further in just 3 sentences.
Centre State Relations
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The president of India has several important powers according to the constitution. These include executive powers over the administration, legislative powers such as introducing bills and approving or returning acts of parliament, financial powers such as approving the national budget, judicial powers like pardoning convicted criminals, and emergency powers to declare different types of emergencies. The president can exercise these powers directly or through subordinate officers. Additionally, the president has the power to appoint key government officials and acts as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the president has significant authority, executive powers must be exercised according to the constitution and are subject to limited judicial review.
Directive principles of state policy
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History of indian constitution
The document discusses the history of the Indian Constitution. It covers the development of the constitution from independence to the present day. However, no other details were provided in the document to summarize further in just 3 sentences.
Centre State Relations
This document discusses center-state relations in India based on the country's federal system. It covers three key areas: legislative relations, administrative relations, and financial relations between the central and state governments as outlined in the Indian constitution. For legislative relations, it describes the division of lawmaking powers between the union/central parliament and state legislatures. For administrative relations, it discusses techniques of central control over states and mechanisms for inter-state coordination. For financial relations, it outlines the allocation of tax revenues and financial resources between the center and states.
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The president of India has several important powers according to the constitution. These include executive powers over the administration, legislative powers such as introducing bills and approving or returning acts of parliament, financial powers such as approving the national budget, judicial powers like pardoning convicted criminals, and emergency powers to declare different types of emergencies. The president can exercise these powers directly or through subordinate officers. Additionally, the president has the power to appoint key government officials and acts as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the president has significant authority, executive powers must be exercised according to the constitution and are subject to limited judicial review.
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Hindu jurisprudence developed from ancient Indian jurists and thinkers like Manu, Kautilya, and others who developed legal systems based on Dharma. Dharma encompasses religious, moral, social, and legal duties according to Hindu scriptures. Hindu legal theory, or Dharmasastra, is rooted in Hindu religion and customs. Key sources of Dharma law included the Vedas, Smritis, customs, and self-satisfaction. Important early Dharmasutras that formed the foundation of legal literature included the works of Gautama, Baudhayana, Apastamba, and Vasistha. Later jurists like Manu, Yajnavalkya,
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The document discusses the need for and process of amending the Indian constitution. It notes that all constitutions need to evolve over time to meet changing societal needs. The Indian constitution allows for amendment through simple majority votes, 2/3rd majority votes of parliament, or 2/3rd majority plus ratification by state legislatures depending on the type of amendment. However, the Supreme Court established in the Kesavananda Bharati case that amendments cannot alter the "basic structure" or fundamental founding principles of the constitution like its democratic and secular nature. The basic structure doctrine places important limits on the amendment power of parliament.
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- The text divides society into four functional varnas and emphasizes mutual cooperation between them.
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The document provides information on the Indian constitution, including:
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A constitution establishes the fundamental rules and principles that govern a nation. It lays out who holds power, how decisions are made, and limits on government power over citizens. The Indian Constitution was drafted by an elected Constituent Assembly over several years. It was informed by principles in the Objective Resolution to create a sovereign democratic republic that guarantees equality, liberty and justice for all people. The Constitution draws from other nations' models but adapted them to India's unique social, political and historical context.
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The document discusses the National Judicial Appointment Commission Act 2014 and the 99th Constitutional Amendment Act which established the National Judicial Appointment Commission (NJAC) in India. The NJAC was tasked with recommending appointments and transfers of judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts. Previously, appointments were decided by the collegium system consisting of senior judges. However, this was criticized for lack of transparency and accountability. The NJAC aimed to make the process more broad-based and independent. It consisted of the CJI, two senior SC judges, the Law Minister and two eminent members. However, the NJAC was later struck down by the Supreme Court in 2015 and the collegium system was restored.
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Rajiv Gandhi served as the 6th Prime Minister of India from 1984 to 1989. Some key facts about him:
- He was born in 1944 to Feroze Gandhi and Indira Gandhi. He studied in India and the UK but did not complete a degree.
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- He became Prime Minister in 1984 after the assassination of his mother, Indira Gandhi.
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Manu Dharma Satra is an ancient Hindu text that outlines a code of conduct for society. It discusses topics like dharma, duty, law, and the roles and responsibilities of different groups in society. Some key points include:
- Society functions best when individuals fulfill their respective roles, with personal and social good being interdependent.
- The text divides society into four functional varnas and emphasizes mutual cooperation between them.
- It provides guidance on self-purification, respect for teachers as well as parents, prescribed conduct for students, and emphasizing knowledge over other attributes like wealth or age.
- Overall it serves as an authoritative social code that guided human behavior and jurisprudence in Indian
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The constitution of India is considered to be the ‘General Will’ of the people of India. It is a document of immense importance.
It is not only is the basic law of the land but the living organic by which the other laws are to be created as per the requirement of the nation.
The life of a nation is dynamic, living, and organic its political, social and economic conditions are always subject to change.
Therefore, a constitution drafted in one era and in a particular circumstance may be found to be inadequate in another era in a different context.
It becomes necessary therefore to have machinery or some process by which the constitution may be adopted from time to time as per the contemporary needs of the nation. Such changes may be brought by different ways including formal method of amendment contained in Article 368 of the constitution. Article 368 of the constitution does not prescribe any express limitation upon the parliament’s amending power.
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
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The document provides details about the syllabus and terminology for the Indian polity subject for prelims and mains examinations. For prelims, the topics include Constitution, political system, panchayati raj, public policy, and rights issues. For mains, the topics cover Constitution, polity, social justice, governance, and international relations. Key terms defined include polity, politics, political science, government, legislature, executive, judiciary, governance, panchayati raj structure, public policy, and rights.
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The document summarizes the powers and roles of the President of India. It outlines that the President is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the President has several executive, legislative, and emergency powers outlined in the constitution, in practice the executive authority is exercised by the Prime Minister and council of ministers. The document then provides details on the various legislative, executive, judicial, appointment, financial, diplomatic, military, pardoning and emergency powers vested with the office of the President of India.
Constitutional law ii c
Meaning of federalism:- in the words of prof k.C wheare federalism means there is a single independent authority for the whole area in respect of some matters and there are independent regional authorities for the other matters.
Federalism is a system of government of a country under which there exist simultaneously a federal or central government and several state as contrasted with a unitary state.
Both the central and the state governments derive their powers from the constitution.
Both are supreme in particular spheres and both operate directly on the people.
State government are not subordinate to the central government.
The distribution of legislative power between the center and state is the core of any federal system.
Our Indian constitution
The document provides an overview of the Indian Constitution. It discusses that the Constitution is the supreme law of India, governing all other laws. The Constituent Assembly framed the Constitution over several sessions from 1946 to 1949. Key figures involved in drafting the Constitution included Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, and Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar. The Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950, becoming the Republic Day of India.
Introduction to constitution
The document provides information on the Indian constitution, including:
1. It defines a constitution as a set of fundamental principles that govern how a state is organized.
2. The Indian constitution is the supreme law of the land and all other laws must conform to it. It defines the government and the relationship between the government and citizens.
3. The Indian constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly over a period of almost 3 years, borrowing elements from several other constitutions, and came into effect on January 26, 1950.
Federalism in India
Federalism: Meaning and Importance
Quasi-Federalism in India
Unitary and Federal Features in India
Centre-State Relations: Division of Powers
Challenges faced by Indian Federalism
Leading leaders of Indian constitution
The document provides brief biographies of 15 Indian leaders who played important roles in India's independence movement and the drafting of the Indian constitution:
- Vallabhbhai Patel, Abul Kalam Azad, T. T. Krishnamachari, Rajendra Prasad, Jaipal Singh, Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, Durgabai Deshmukh, Baldev Singh, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi, B. R. Ambedkar, Syama Prasad Mookerjee, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sarojini Naidu, Somnath Lahiri.
Many of these leaders served as ministers
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The three organs that have the responsibility of running the government of India democratically are:
1. Legislature
2. Executive
3. Judiciary
The legislature refers to the parliament which is responsible for law making. The executive refers to the council of ministers and prime minister which are responsible for law implementation. And the judiciary refers to the court system which is responsible for law interpretation.
Minerva mill case ltd
The Supreme Court of India ruled that Sections 4 and 55 of the Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976 were unconstitutional in the landmark Minerva Mills case. The Court established that the power of parliamentary amendment is limited and cannot be used to alter the basic structure of the constitution, such as by removing judicial review or the balance between fundamental rights and directive principles. While directive principles are important, they cannot totally disregard fundamental rights and liberties. The basic structure doctrine and limited parliamentary amendment power are integral to India's constitutional design.
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