What is the role of internal auditing- A- To subsitute for the externa.docx
•Download as DOCX, PDF•
0 likes•4 views
What is the role of internal auditing? A. To subsitute for the external auditor whenever possible. B. To provide assurance and consulting services to improve n organization\'s operations C. To assist the audit committe in negiations with the external auditor D. To mediate disagreements between the external auditor and corporate management Solution The Institute of Internal Auditors (\"IIA\") offers the following description: \"Internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organizations\' operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes.\" Thus answer to our question is B The provide assurance and consulting services to improve an organization\'s operations. Apart from this there are many other roles and responsibilities that internal auditors have to perform: .
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
The Objectives Of Internal Audit
The internal audit of a business assessed the controls around sole source contracting. The audit found that divisions need better procedures to determine if a vendor is truly the only option available. Divisions also need to improve documentation in contract files to support sole source declarations. Overall, the audit aimed to ensure sole source contracts comply with procurement regulations by having sufficient controls and documentation of vendor selection processes.
Basics of internal audit
The document defines internal audit as an independent, objective function that evaluates risk management, controls and governance to help an organization achieve its objectives. It lists skills like communication, technical expertise, integrity, business acumen and skepticism as important for internal auditors. The document also describes functional and administrative reporting structures and outlines the key components an internal audit charter should include like scope, responsibilities and standards. Finally, it provides an overview of the audit process from planning to closing meetings and recommends training resources on auditing best practices.
vdocuments.mx_cia-part-1-slides.ppt
This document discusses the internal audit activity's role in governance, risk, and control. It covers several topics:
- Section A of Part 1 of the CIA exam focuses on complying with the Attribute Standards of the IIA.
- The development of internal auditing as a profession began with railroad executives needing assurance about stationmasters handling receipts.
- Internal auditors differ from external auditors in that they are employed by the organization and focus on evaluating controls to assure goals, while external auditors are independent contractors focused on financial statements.
- An internal audit charter formally defines the internal audit activity's purpose, authority, and responsibilities as approved by the board. The charter establishes the activity's independence,
CIA part 1 essentials of internal auditing
The Institute of Internal Auditors (The IIA) uses the International Professional Practices Framework (IPPF) to organize its authoritative guidance in a manner that is readily accessible. The IPPF, sometimes called the “Red Book,” is intended to help practitioners and stakeholders throughout the world respond to the expanding market for high-quality internal auditing.
Internal Audit Of The California Department Of Public...
The internal audit department aims to maintain independence and objectivity as outlined by the International Institute of Internal Auditors. While internal auditors are organization employees, they report functionally to the board of directors or audit committee and not operational management to avoid potential bias. The department also has a quality assurance program that includes periodic external assessments to ensure audits are performed properly. Maintaining independence is important for the internal audit department to add value and provide assurance to the organization.
3a 5 Value Adding Internal Audit
How does the audit add value to the organization ? This presentation will take you through the step by step process....
Applicability of internal audit capsule on ia program good
Internal audit is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization's operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes. Internal audit provides critical assurance to management and stakeholders by assessing risks, controls, and compliance. It identifies issues and makes recommendations to strengthen operations, increase efficiency, and ensure legal and regulatory compliance.
Overview of Internal Audit
The sole objective of this course is to give you a ground understanding of the basics, what Auditing is all about, the objectives, benefits and concept. We plan to turn beginners in Internal Auditing to masters. Anyone with a keen interest on how to conduct an Internal Audit would benefit from this course.
Recommended
The Objectives Of Internal Audit
The internal audit of a business assessed the controls around sole source contracting. The audit found that divisions need better procedures to determine if a vendor is truly the only option available. Divisions also need to improve documentation in contract files to support sole source declarations. Overall, the audit aimed to ensure sole source contracts comply with procurement regulations by having sufficient controls and documentation of vendor selection processes.
Basics of internal audit
The document defines internal audit as an independent, objective function that evaluates risk management, controls and governance to help an organization achieve its objectives. It lists skills like communication, technical expertise, integrity, business acumen and skepticism as important for internal auditors. The document also describes functional and administrative reporting structures and outlines the key components an internal audit charter should include like scope, responsibilities and standards. Finally, it provides an overview of the audit process from planning to closing meetings and recommends training resources on auditing best practices.
vdocuments.mx_cia-part-1-slides.ppt
This document discusses the internal audit activity's role in governance, risk, and control. It covers several topics:
- Section A of Part 1 of the CIA exam focuses on complying with the Attribute Standards of the IIA.
- The development of internal auditing as a profession began with railroad executives needing assurance about stationmasters handling receipts.
- Internal auditors differ from external auditors in that they are employed by the organization and focus on evaluating controls to assure goals, while external auditors are independent contractors focused on financial statements.
- An internal audit charter formally defines the internal audit activity's purpose, authority, and responsibilities as approved by the board. The charter establishes the activity's independence,
CIA part 1 essentials of internal auditing
The Institute of Internal Auditors (The IIA) uses the International Professional Practices Framework (IPPF) to organize its authoritative guidance in a manner that is readily accessible. The IPPF, sometimes called the “Red Book,” is intended to help practitioners and stakeholders throughout the world respond to the expanding market for high-quality internal auditing.
Internal Audit Of The California Department Of Public...
The internal audit department aims to maintain independence and objectivity as outlined by the International Institute of Internal Auditors. While internal auditors are organization employees, they report functionally to the board of directors or audit committee and not operational management to avoid potential bias. The department also has a quality assurance program that includes periodic external assessments to ensure audits are performed properly. Maintaining independence is important for the internal audit department to add value and provide assurance to the organization.
3a 5 Value Adding Internal Audit
How does the audit add value to the organization ? This presentation will take you through the step by step process....
Applicability of internal audit capsule on ia program good
Internal audit is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization's operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes. Internal audit provides critical assurance to management and stakeholders by assessing risks, controls, and compliance. It identifies issues and makes recommendations to strengthen operations, increase efficiency, and ensure legal and regulatory compliance.
Overview of Internal Audit
The sole objective of this course is to give you a ground understanding of the basics, what Auditing is all about, the objectives, benefits and concept. We plan to turn beginners in Internal Auditing to masters. Anyone with a keen interest on how to conduct an Internal Audit would benefit from this course.
The internal auditor can improve an organization reducing cost, enhancing rev...
The internal auditor can improve an organization reducing cost, enhancing rev...Mohammad Wahid Abdullah Khan
The internal auditor can improve an organization by reducing costs, enhancing revenue, and improving profits in three main ways:
1. By examining processes and operations to identify inefficiencies and weaknesses that increase costs or reduce revenues. The auditor makes recommendations to address these issues.
2. By evaluating risk management, controls, and financial reporting systems to ensure they operate effectively and efficiently. This helps reduce the risk of issues like fraud.
3. By providing objective and accurate assessments of performance to management. This helps management make informed decisions to further reduce costs, boost revenues, and increase profits.How To Make An Internal Audit Report In Dubai.pptx
An internal audit evaluates a company's financial and operational activities to ensure compliance with laws and regulations. The internal audit process assesses business procedures and risks, while an external audit evaluates financial records. To create an effective internal audit report, auditors follow several steps: planning the audit scope and objectives, conducting fieldwork like transaction testing and risk assessment, providing a draft report of conclusions and recommendations, and following up to ensure recommendations were implemented. Hiring an independent audit firm is preferable for quality internal auditing services in Dubai.
How To Make An Internal Audit Report In Dubai.pdf
An internal audit evaluates a company's financial and operational activities to ensure compliance with laws and regulations. It provides transparency and accountability. All organizations in Dubai are required to have an internal audit function. An internal audit report details the audit findings, highlighting strengths, issues, and conclusions so management can see what is working and what needs improvement. The internal audit process involves planning, fieldwork where controls and risks are assessed, providing a report, and follow-up to ensure recommendations are implemented. Hiring an independent audit firm is preferable for quality internal auditing services in Dubai.
Audit Report And Internal Control Evaluation
The document discusses conducting an internal communication audit within an organization. The primary purpose of an internal communication audit is to evaluate whether the company's internal communication strategy meets its goals. It can involve collecting feedback through observations, analysis, interviews, focus groups and surveys of employees and other stakeholders. The audit helps identify areas for improvement and ensures communication efforts are effective and aligned with the company's objectives.
319155985-project-report-on-a-CA-firm (1).pdf
This major project report summarizes Neela Kohli's study on auditing functions at Neosis Advisory Pvt. Ltd. as part of her Bachelor's degree. The report includes an acknowledgements section, student undertaking, table of contents, and introductory chapter defining auditing and internal auditing. It discusses selecting qualified internal audit staff, ensuring their independence, and structuring the internal audit function. The audit committee's role in overseeing the internal audit function is also summarized.
Internal Audit Project
This document provides information about a student project on how internal audit can control costs. It includes:
- An introduction and title page identifying the student, college, and subject of the advanced cost accounting project.
- Pages for evaluation certificates, declarations, acknowledgements, and a table of contents of the project material.
- The start of chapter 1 on introducing internal audit, including its meaning, history, and how it relates to cost control.
The document appears to be the beginning sections of a student project outlining how internal audit functions can help control costs within an organization. It provides background information and sets up the structure for the project analysis.
IAD Introduction - 1-2010
The document provides an introduction to internal auditing at Morris Heights Health Center. It discusses that the purpose of internal auditing is to independently evaluate an organization's activities as a service to help management meet goals, assess and monitor risks, and ensure compliance. The internal audit process involves planning, performing fieldwork and testing, documenting results in a report. It describes how internal audit can help by objectively assessing operations and sharing best practices to improve controls, processes and risk management. Finally, it notes that building trust with auditees is important by keeping commitments and through collaboration.
Managing An Internal Audit Department
Here are some key ways that internal audit is an important part of a company's governance and risk management:
1. Provides independent assurance. Internal audit provides objective assurance to the board and senior management on the effectiveness of governance, risk management and internal controls. This independent perspective helps ensure issues are identified and addressed.
2. Assesses risk management. Internal audit evaluates whether the organization's risk management processes are adequate and functioning as intended. They assess if risks are being properly identified, assessed and responded to.
3. Tests internal controls. A major role of internal audit is testing whether key controls are designed effectively and operating as intended. They help validate that controls are in place to mitigate financial, operational and compliance risks.
4
Steps for setting up Internal Audit Function / Department in Small / Medium S...
How to set up internal audit department in India, Strengthen Internal Audit Department, Internal Audit Department for Small and Medium size company in India.
3a 2 Internal Audit A Bane Or Boon
It is how you think ! I am sure all Internal Auditors will say it is a BOON ! PLEASE GO THROUGH MY PRESENTATION. YOU WILL BE CONVINCED !
TYPES OF AUDIT1. Is there an internal audit function within your o.pdf
TYPES OF AUDIT
1. Is there an internal audit function within your organisation? What is its role and how
do you view it?
2. Is there an external auditor for your organisation? What functions does the auditor
carry out and how do you view it?
Solution
Is there an internal audit function within your organisation? What is its role and how do you
view it?
ANSWER: YES, my organisation has an internal audit function. My company is small; and a
small business simply cannot afford employee fraud, government fine or a waste. Thus,
establishment of an internal audit function provides a vital step in the growth of a small
organisation. It\'role ncludes reviewing, assessment, and reporting the condition of the internal
controls in a company thus is beneficial in improvement and maintenance of the internal controls
in the company. It targets to reduce the opportunity for the fraudster, and also the management
will have no or little opportunity to conduct fraud in the company. Moreover is helpful in
findings the weaknesses and giving recommendations for the improvement in the internal
controls.
In my views internal audit function is important to my organisation as protect and enhance
organisational value by providing risk-based and objective assurance, insight and advice..
Internal auditing for boosting company performance in Dubai.pptx
Internal auditing plays an important role in streamlining and boosting company performance. Best audit firms in Dubai help organizations in Dubai uncover key risk factors. This allows the entities to project potential future concerns and discover current weaknesses. Moreover, the company can identify underperforming controls and processes and opens up an opportunity to improve on these.
CAE as CEO
1) The CAE must run internal audit like a business in order to ensure it adds value and remains responsive to executive management and the audit committee.
2) To add value beyond assurance, the CAE should be able to answer five key questions about internal audit: what is its mission, who are its customers, what do customers value, what results are wanted, and what is the plan.
3) It is the CAE's role to understand and manage the unique expectations of internal audit's three key constituents - the audit committee, executive management, and line management.
Interview Question for Manager
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of an internal auditor. It covers topics such as conducting internal audits, the daily routine of an internal auditor, challenges they may face, and the qualities and skills needed to be effective. Some key points include:
- An internal auditor reviews business processes, evaluates risk management procedures, and ensures compliance with laws and regulations. They identify control issues and propose improvements.
- Internal auditing is important for risk management, compliance, and protecting investors. It also promotes effective use of technology.
- To conduct an audit, the internal auditor sets objectives, plans activities, verifies facts, and produces a report with recommendations.
- Effective internal auditors have leadership, relationship building
Presentation
The internal audit charter formally defines the internal audit activity's purpose, authority, and responsibilities. It establishes the internal audit's position within the organization and must be periodically reviewed and approved by senior management and the board of directors. The charter outlines important components like the definition of internal auditing, code of ethics, scope of responsibilities, and reporting structure.
Enhancing Organizational Resilience through Effective Internal Audit Services
In a rapidly changing business landscape, organizations face various challenges that can impact their resilience and long-term success with MiMO. Internal audit services are a cornerstone in pursuing organizational resilience by providing comprehensive assessments, ensuring compliance, and enhancing operational efficiency. By addressing risks and promoting a culture of accountability, internal auditors contribute to creating robust, adaptive, and sustainable organizations.
Chapter 9 PPT 4th edition.pdf internal audit
This document discusses key aspects of managing an internal audit function according to The Institute of Internal Auditors' standards. It covers positioning the internal audit function, the roles of the chief audit executive and audit committee, maintaining independence and objectivity, ensuring proficiency, and developing an annual audit plan. The internal audit function needs an organizational structure and charter that allows it to properly evaluate risk management, controls, and governance. The chief audit executive is responsible for effective management of the function according to standards. Independence, objectivity, and managing any impairments are also important responsibilities.
Fice Of Internal Audit
The document discusses internal audits conducted by companies of their own business operations. It states that internal audits are conducted professionally and objectively to provide management an unbiased view of company operations. They are often performed by outside agencies or privately hired internal auditors. Companies may have full internal audit staffs that continuously audit various operations. Auditors report to an audit committee overseen by the board of directors and make recommendations to management and the board. Most adjustments from internal audits relate to protecting employee privacy and sensitive intellectual property. All internal audits are announced while external audits may be unannounced. Affected departments are notified in writing before an internal audit and must provide requested documents.
Most common questions about internal audit
The document discusses the most common questions asked about internal audit. It begins by stating it will focus on the 12 most asked questions in short form, and then provide more detailed answers to interested readers. It then lists the 12 questions, providing a 1-3 sentence response to each, covering topics like the importance and roles of internal auditors, the types of audits, challenges, techniques, focus areas, checklists, risk assessment importance, and the role of internal audit in risk management.
Value based internal auditing - Nilai Dasar Internal Audit
Value-based internal auditing focuses on providing forward-looking insights and actively seeking innovation to improve the organization. It emphasizes strategic positioning of internal audit, developing stakeholder relationships, maintaining a multi-disciplinary team, taking a risk-based approach, and continuously improving internal audit practices. Key elements include acting as an agent of change, using technology like audit management software, and reporting performance metrics in a balanced scorecard.
Create your own variant of both a hiring and a termination policy rela.docx
Create your own variant of both a hiring and a termination policy related to security and keeping company info secure.
Solution
Information Security management is a process of defining the security controls in order to protect the information assets.
Security Program
The first action of a management program to implement information security is to have a security program in place.
Security Program Objectives: Protect the company and its assets. Manage Risks by Identifying assets, discovering threats and estimating the risk. Objects are- Information Classification, Security Organization, and Security Education.
Security Management Responsibilities: Determining objectives, scope, policies,re expected to be accomplished from a security program. Evaluate business objectives, security risks, user productivity, and functionality requirements.
Approaches to Build a Security Program
Security Controls
Security Controls can be classified into three categories- Administrative Controls, Technical or Logical Controls ,Physical Controls.
The Elements of Security
Vulnerability: Vulnerability characterizes the absence or weakness of a safeguard that could be exploited.
Threat: Any potential danger to information or systems. A threat is a possibility that someone (person, s/w) would identify and exploit the vulnerability.
Risk: Risk is the likelihood of a threat agent taking advantage of vulnerability and the corresponding business impact. Reducing vulnerability and/or threat reduces the risk.
Exposure: An exposure is an instance of being exposed to losses from a threat agent. Vulnerability exposes an organization to possible damages.
Countermeasure or Safeguard: It is an application or a s/w configuration or h/w or a procedure that mitigates the risk.
The Relation Between the Security Elements Example: If a company has antivirus software but does not keep the virus signatures up-to-date, this is vulnerability. The company is vulnerable to virus attacks. The likelihood of a virus showing up in the environment and causing damage is the risk.
.
Determine the valuation of long-term liabilities- Donald Lennon is the.docx
Determine the valuation of long-term liabilities.
Donald Lennon is the president, founder, and majority owner of Wichita Medical Corporation, an emerging medical technology products company. Wichita is in dire need of additional capital to keep operating and to bring several promising products to final development, testing, and production. Donald, as owner of 51% of the outstanding stock, manages the company\'s operations. He places heavy emphasis on research and development and long-term growth. The other principal stockholder is Nina Friendly who, as a nonemployee investor, owns 40% of the stock. Nina would like to deemphasize the R&D functions and emphasize the marketing function to maximize short–run sales and profits from existing products. She believes this strategy would raise the market price of Wichita\'s stock.
All of Donald\'s personal capital and borrowing power is tied up in his 51% stock ownership. He knows that any offering of additional shares of stock will dilute his controlling interest because he won\'t be able to participate in such an issuance. But, Nina has money and would likely buy enough shares to gain control of Wichita. She then would dictate the company\'s future direction, even if it meant replacing Donald as president and CEO.
The company already has considerable debt. Raising additional debt will be costly, will adversely affect Wichita\'s credit rating, and will increase the company\'s reported losses due to the growth in interest expense. Nina and the other minority stockholders express opposition to the assumption of additional debt, fearing the company will be pushed to the brink of bankruptcy. Wanting to maintain his control and to preserve the direction of “his†company, Donald is doing everything to avoid a stock issuance and is contemplating a large issuance of bonds, even if it means the bonds are issued with a high effective–interest rate.
Instructions
Answer the following questions.
Who are the stakeholders in this situation?
What are the ethical issues in this case?
What would you do if you were Donald?
Solution
a)Donald and nina are the stakeholders in this situation .
b)Ethical issue involved in this case is to Raise additional funds by issue of stock or to raise additonal debts to meet fund requirement.
If funds are raised through issue of stock ,Donald stock ownership will be diluted and when bonds are issued ,it will be costlier to a company to raise additional funds.
c) Donald can either go for BOOTSTRAPPING where funds are raised by investing the retained earnings of a company and finding a means within a company.
Also Donald can also suggest Right issue of shares where shares are offered to existing shareholders at concessional price (lower than market) so that his ownership is not diluted.
.
More Related Content
Similar to What is the role of internal auditing- A- To subsitute for the externa.docx
The internal auditor can improve an organization reducing cost, enhancing rev...
The internal auditor can improve an organization reducing cost, enhancing rev...Mohammad Wahid Abdullah Khan
The internal auditor can improve an organization by reducing costs, enhancing revenue, and improving profits in three main ways:
1. By examining processes and operations to identify inefficiencies and weaknesses that increase costs or reduce revenues. The auditor makes recommendations to address these issues.
2. By evaluating risk management, controls, and financial reporting systems to ensure they operate effectively and efficiently. This helps reduce the risk of issues like fraud.
3. By providing objective and accurate assessments of performance to management. This helps management make informed decisions to further reduce costs, boost revenues, and increase profits.How To Make An Internal Audit Report In Dubai.pptx
An internal audit evaluates a company's financial and operational activities to ensure compliance with laws and regulations. The internal audit process assesses business procedures and risks, while an external audit evaluates financial records. To create an effective internal audit report, auditors follow several steps: planning the audit scope and objectives, conducting fieldwork like transaction testing and risk assessment, providing a draft report of conclusions and recommendations, and following up to ensure recommendations were implemented. Hiring an independent audit firm is preferable for quality internal auditing services in Dubai.
How To Make An Internal Audit Report In Dubai.pdf
An internal audit evaluates a company's financial and operational activities to ensure compliance with laws and regulations. It provides transparency and accountability. All organizations in Dubai are required to have an internal audit function. An internal audit report details the audit findings, highlighting strengths, issues, and conclusions so management can see what is working and what needs improvement. The internal audit process involves planning, fieldwork where controls and risks are assessed, providing a report, and follow-up to ensure recommendations are implemented. Hiring an independent audit firm is preferable for quality internal auditing services in Dubai.
Audit Report And Internal Control Evaluation
The document discusses conducting an internal communication audit within an organization. The primary purpose of an internal communication audit is to evaluate whether the company's internal communication strategy meets its goals. It can involve collecting feedback through observations, analysis, interviews, focus groups and surveys of employees and other stakeholders. The audit helps identify areas for improvement and ensures communication efforts are effective and aligned with the company's objectives.
319155985-project-report-on-a-CA-firm (1).pdf
This major project report summarizes Neela Kohli's study on auditing functions at Neosis Advisory Pvt. Ltd. as part of her Bachelor's degree. The report includes an acknowledgements section, student undertaking, table of contents, and introductory chapter defining auditing and internal auditing. It discusses selecting qualified internal audit staff, ensuring their independence, and structuring the internal audit function. The audit committee's role in overseeing the internal audit function is also summarized.
Internal Audit Project
This document provides information about a student project on how internal audit can control costs. It includes:
- An introduction and title page identifying the student, college, and subject of the advanced cost accounting project.
- Pages for evaluation certificates, declarations, acknowledgements, and a table of contents of the project material.
- The start of chapter 1 on introducing internal audit, including its meaning, history, and how it relates to cost control.
The document appears to be the beginning sections of a student project outlining how internal audit functions can help control costs within an organization. It provides background information and sets up the structure for the project analysis.
IAD Introduction - 1-2010
The document provides an introduction to internal auditing at Morris Heights Health Center. It discusses that the purpose of internal auditing is to independently evaluate an organization's activities as a service to help management meet goals, assess and monitor risks, and ensure compliance. The internal audit process involves planning, performing fieldwork and testing, documenting results in a report. It describes how internal audit can help by objectively assessing operations and sharing best practices to improve controls, processes and risk management. Finally, it notes that building trust with auditees is important by keeping commitments and through collaboration.
Managing An Internal Audit Department
Here are some key ways that internal audit is an important part of a company's governance and risk management:
1. Provides independent assurance. Internal audit provides objective assurance to the board and senior management on the effectiveness of governance, risk management and internal controls. This independent perspective helps ensure issues are identified and addressed.
2. Assesses risk management. Internal audit evaluates whether the organization's risk management processes are adequate and functioning as intended. They assess if risks are being properly identified, assessed and responded to.
3. Tests internal controls. A major role of internal audit is testing whether key controls are designed effectively and operating as intended. They help validate that controls are in place to mitigate financial, operational and compliance risks.
4
Steps for setting up Internal Audit Function / Department in Small / Medium S...
How to set up internal audit department in India, Strengthen Internal Audit Department, Internal Audit Department for Small and Medium size company in India.
3a 2 Internal Audit A Bane Or Boon
It is how you think ! I am sure all Internal Auditors will say it is a BOON ! PLEASE GO THROUGH MY PRESENTATION. YOU WILL BE CONVINCED !
TYPES OF AUDIT1. Is there an internal audit function within your o.pdf
TYPES OF AUDIT
1. Is there an internal audit function within your organisation? What is its role and how
do you view it?
2. Is there an external auditor for your organisation? What functions does the auditor
carry out and how do you view it?
Solution
Is there an internal audit function within your organisation? What is its role and how do you
view it?
ANSWER: YES, my organisation has an internal audit function. My company is small; and a
small business simply cannot afford employee fraud, government fine or a waste. Thus,
establishment of an internal audit function provides a vital step in the growth of a small
organisation. It\'role ncludes reviewing, assessment, and reporting the condition of the internal
controls in a company thus is beneficial in improvement and maintenance of the internal controls
in the company. It targets to reduce the opportunity for the fraudster, and also the management
will have no or little opportunity to conduct fraud in the company. Moreover is helpful in
findings the weaknesses and giving recommendations for the improvement in the internal
controls.
In my views internal audit function is important to my organisation as protect and enhance
organisational value by providing risk-based and objective assurance, insight and advice..
Internal auditing for boosting company performance in Dubai.pptx
Internal auditing plays an important role in streamlining and boosting company performance. Best audit firms in Dubai help organizations in Dubai uncover key risk factors. This allows the entities to project potential future concerns and discover current weaknesses. Moreover, the company can identify underperforming controls and processes and opens up an opportunity to improve on these.
CAE as CEO
1) The CAE must run internal audit like a business in order to ensure it adds value and remains responsive to executive management and the audit committee.
2) To add value beyond assurance, the CAE should be able to answer five key questions about internal audit: what is its mission, who are its customers, what do customers value, what results are wanted, and what is the plan.
3) It is the CAE's role to understand and manage the unique expectations of internal audit's three key constituents - the audit committee, executive management, and line management.
Interview Question for Manager
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of an internal auditor. It covers topics such as conducting internal audits, the daily routine of an internal auditor, challenges they may face, and the qualities and skills needed to be effective. Some key points include:
- An internal auditor reviews business processes, evaluates risk management procedures, and ensures compliance with laws and regulations. They identify control issues and propose improvements.
- Internal auditing is important for risk management, compliance, and protecting investors. It also promotes effective use of technology.
- To conduct an audit, the internal auditor sets objectives, plans activities, verifies facts, and produces a report with recommendations.
- Effective internal auditors have leadership, relationship building
Presentation
The internal audit charter formally defines the internal audit activity's purpose, authority, and responsibilities. It establishes the internal audit's position within the organization and must be periodically reviewed and approved by senior management and the board of directors. The charter outlines important components like the definition of internal auditing, code of ethics, scope of responsibilities, and reporting structure.
Enhancing Organizational Resilience through Effective Internal Audit Services
In a rapidly changing business landscape, organizations face various challenges that can impact their resilience and long-term success with MiMO. Internal audit services are a cornerstone in pursuing organizational resilience by providing comprehensive assessments, ensuring compliance, and enhancing operational efficiency. By addressing risks and promoting a culture of accountability, internal auditors contribute to creating robust, adaptive, and sustainable organizations.
Chapter 9 PPT 4th edition.pdf internal audit
This document discusses key aspects of managing an internal audit function according to The Institute of Internal Auditors' standards. It covers positioning the internal audit function, the roles of the chief audit executive and audit committee, maintaining independence and objectivity, ensuring proficiency, and developing an annual audit plan. The internal audit function needs an organizational structure and charter that allows it to properly evaluate risk management, controls, and governance. The chief audit executive is responsible for effective management of the function according to standards. Independence, objectivity, and managing any impairments are also important responsibilities.
Fice Of Internal Audit
The document discusses internal audits conducted by companies of their own business operations. It states that internal audits are conducted professionally and objectively to provide management an unbiased view of company operations. They are often performed by outside agencies or privately hired internal auditors. Companies may have full internal audit staffs that continuously audit various operations. Auditors report to an audit committee overseen by the board of directors and make recommendations to management and the board. Most adjustments from internal audits relate to protecting employee privacy and sensitive intellectual property. All internal audits are announced while external audits may be unannounced. Affected departments are notified in writing before an internal audit and must provide requested documents.
Most common questions about internal audit
The document discusses the most common questions asked about internal audit. It begins by stating it will focus on the 12 most asked questions in short form, and then provide more detailed answers to interested readers. It then lists the 12 questions, providing a 1-3 sentence response to each, covering topics like the importance and roles of internal auditors, the types of audits, challenges, techniques, focus areas, checklists, risk assessment importance, and the role of internal audit in risk management.
Value based internal auditing - Nilai Dasar Internal Audit
Value-based internal auditing focuses on providing forward-looking insights and actively seeking innovation to improve the organization. It emphasizes strategic positioning of internal audit, developing stakeholder relationships, maintaining a multi-disciplinary team, taking a risk-based approach, and continuously improving internal audit practices. Key elements include acting as an agent of change, using technology like audit management software, and reporting performance metrics in a balanced scorecard.
Similar to What is the role of internal auditing- A- To subsitute for the externa.docx (20)
The internal auditor can improve an organization reducing cost, enhancing rev...
The internal auditor can improve an organization reducing cost, enhancing rev...
How To Make An Internal Audit Report In Dubai.pptx
How To Make An Internal Audit Report In Dubai.pptx
Steps for setting up Internal Audit Function / Department in Small / Medium S...
Steps for setting up Internal Audit Function / Department in Small / Medium S...
TYPES OF AUDIT1. Is there an internal audit function within your o.pdf
TYPES OF AUDIT1. Is there an internal audit function within your o.pdf
Internal auditing for boosting company performance in Dubai.pptx
Internal auditing for boosting company performance in Dubai.pptx
Enhancing Organizational Resilience through Effective Internal Audit Services
Enhancing Organizational Resilience through Effective Internal Audit Services
Value based internal auditing - Nilai Dasar Internal Audit
Value based internal auditing - Nilai Dasar Internal Audit
More from earleanp
Create your own variant of both a hiring and a termination policy rela.docx
Create your own variant of both a hiring and a termination policy related to security and keeping company info secure.
Solution
Information Security management is a process of defining the security controls in order to protect the information assets.
Security Program
The first action of a management program to implement information security is to have a security program in place.
Security Program Objectives: Protect the company and its assets. Manage Risks by Identifying assets, discovering threats and estimating the risk. Objects are- Information Classification, Security Organization, and Security Education.
Security Management Responsibilities: Determining objectives, scope, policies,re expected to be accomplished from a security program. Evaluate business objectives, security risks, user productivity, and functionality requirements.
Approaches to Build a Security Program
Security Controls
Security Controls can be classified into three categories- Administrative Controls, Technical or Logical Controls ,Physical Controls.
The Elements of Security
Vulnerability: Vulnerability characterizes the absence or weakness of a safeguard that could be exploited.
Threat: Any potential danger to information or systems. A threat is a possibility that someone (person, s/w) would identify and exploit the vulnerability.
Risk: Risk is the likelihood of a threat agent taking advantage of vulnerability and the corresponding business impact. Reducing vulnerability and/or threat reduces the risk.
Exposure: An exposure is an instance of being exposed to losses from a threat agent. Vulnerability exposes an organization to possible damages.
Countermeasure or Safeguard: It is an application or a s/w configuration or h/w or a procedure that mitigates the risk.
The Relation Between the Security Elements Example: If a company has antivirus software but does not keep the virus signatures up-to-date, this is vulnerability. The company is vulnerable to virus attacks. The likelihood of a virus showing up in the environment and causing damage is the risk.
.
Determine the valuation of long-term liabilities- Donald Lennon is the.docx
Determine the valuation of long-term liabilities.
Donald Lennon is the president, founder, and majority owner of Wichita Medical Corporation, an emerging medical technology products company. Wichita is in dire need of additional capital to keep operating and to bring several promising products to final development, testing, and production. Donald, as owner of 51% of the outstanding stock, manages the company\'s operations. He places heavy emphasis on research and development and long-term growth. The other principal stockholder is Nina Friendly who, as a nonemployee investor, owns 40% of the stock. Nina would like to deemphasize the R&D functions and emphasize the marketing function to maximize short–run sales and profits from existing products. She believes this strategy would raise the market price of Wichita\'s stock.
All of Donald\'s personal capital and borrowing power is tied up in his 51% stock ownership. He knows that any offering of additional shares of stock will dilute his controlling interest because he won\'t be able to participate in such an issuance. But, Nina has money and would likely buy enough shares to gain control of Wichita. She then would dictate the company\'s future direction, even if it meant replacing Donald as president and CEO.
The company already has considerable debt. Raising additional debt will be costly, will adversely affect Wichita\'s credit rating, and will increase the company\'s reported losses due to the growth in interest expense. Nina and the other minority stockholders express opposition to the assumption of additional debt, fearing the company will be pushed to the brink of bankruptcy. Wanting to maintain his control and to preserve the direction of “his†company, Donald is doing everything to avoid a stock issuance and is contemplating a large issuance of bonds, even if it means the bonds are issued with a high effective–interest rate.
Instructions
Answer the following questions.
Who are the stakeholders in this situation?
What are the ethical issues in this case?
What would you do if you were Donald?
Solution
a)Donald and nina are the stakeholders in this situation .
b)Ethical issue involved in this case is to Raise additional funds by issue of stock or to raise additonal debts to meet fund requirement.
If funds are raised through issue of stock ,Donald stock ownership will be diluted and when bonds are issued ,it will be costlier to a company to raise additional funds.
c) Donald can either go for BOOTSTRAPPING where funds are raised by investing the retained earnings of a company and finding a means within a company.
Also Donald can also suggest Right issue of shares where shares are offered to existing shareholders at concessional price (lower than market) so that his ownership is not diluted.
.
Describe three of the following attack types in the Operation Security.docx
Describe three of the following attack types in the Operation Security domain: man-in-the-middle, mail bombing, war-dialing, ping-of-death, teardrop, and slamming-and-cramming
Solution
The description of the attack types in the operation security domain is given below:
1) man-in-the-middle: In this type of attack, the intruder insert himself or insert any malicious code between the secure communication of two parties. This malicious code act as an third party, and its get the secure information that is being transfer between the two parties. Its third person or the intruder having access to the information send by both the parties involve in the communication.
2) mail bombing : Its refer to attack in which intruder try to send bulk of mails to the person\'s system, which may cause to disk full on persons system or even can crash the server, which is handling the mails. In this type of attack, the main aim is to crash the user\'s machine by fulling the disk space or can crash or stop the mail server.
3) War dialing: In this type of attack, hacker\'s uses the modem\'s to dial the range of numbers, for finding the computer machiner, servers and other devices. and after dialing they also get access to these type of devices.
4) Ping to death : Its a type of attack, in which the hacker send the incorrect ping packet to the user. There are various computer system which are designed not to handle the incorrect ping packets. Which results into system crash or system going into the abnormal state.
5) teardrop: Its a type of attack, in which the hacker sends the packets in incorrect way or in the fragmented way, that the end user is not able to reassemble these packets at their end, and results into the system crash and denial of service at user\'s end.
6)slamming-and-cramming: slamming refers to the activity in which hacker, switches the long distance calll carrier at user\'s phone, without its permission, its results into heavy bill at customer end. Cramming refers to the attack in which some extra bill is added into user\'s actual phone bill, and its keep on happening again and again
.
Describes the concept of ADTS and illustrates the concept with three o.docx
Describes the concept of ADTS and illustrates the concept with three of the most common abstract data types.
Solution
An abstract data type is a set of values, some of which may be distinguished as constants, together with a collection of operations involving members of the set.The primary objective is to seperate the implementation of the abstract data types from their function.The program must know what the operations do.
List,stack and queues are three fundamental data structures.When you declare a variable in a .NET application, it allocates some chunk of memory in the RAM. This memory has three things: the name of the variable, the data type of the variable, and the value of the variable.Depending on the data type, your variable is allocated that type of memory. There are two types of memory allocation: stack memory and heap memory
Stack memory stores data types like int , double , Boolean etc. While heap stores data types like string and objects.Stack is used for static memory allocation and Heap for dynamic memory allocation, both stored in the computer\'s RAM .Variables allocated on the stack are stored directly to the memory and access to this memory is very fast.When a function or a method calls another function which in turns calls another function etc., the execution of all those functions remains suspended until the very last function returns its value. The stack is always reserved in a LIFO order.Variables allocated on the heap have their memory allocated at run time and accessing this memory is a bit slower, but the heap size is only limited by the size of virtual memory . Element of the heap have no dependencies with each other and can always be accessed randomly at any time. You can allocate a block at any time and free it at any time. This makes it much more complex to keep track of which parts of the heap are allocated or free at any given time.
The Queue works like FIFO system , a first-in, first-out collection of Objects. Objects stored in a Queue are inserted at one end and removed from the other. The Queue provide additional insertion, extraction, and inspection operations. We can Enqueue (add) items in Queue and we can Dequeue (remove from Queue ) or we can Peek (that is we will get the reference of first item ) item from Queue. Queue accepts null reference as a valid value and allows duplicate elements.
A list is a collection of items that can be accessed by index and provides functionality to search, sort and manipulate list items. This can store any data types to create a list.The List class can be used to create any type including a class. In this article, we will see how to create a list of a class with several properties.
.
Describe- manage- and install Active Directory replication- federation.docx
Describe, manage, and install Active Directory replication, federation services, and certificate services. Demonstrate the ability to plan an advanced AD, DHCP, and DNS solution. Describe and plan for configuring a domain and forest as well as configuring trusts. Use technology and information resources to research issues in advanced network infrastructure environments. Write clearly and concisely about advanced network infrastructure topics using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.
Solution
Active directory replication
Replication is the process by which the changes that are made on one domain controller are synchronized with all other domain controllers in the domain or forest that store copies of the same information. Active Directory replication uses a connection topology that is created automatically, which makes optimal use of beneficial network connections and frees the administrators from having to make such decisions.
Manage and install active directory replication
Active Directory relies on site configuration in sequence to manage and optimize the process of replication. Active Directory make available automatic configuration of these settings in some cases as well as configure site-related information for network using Active Directory Sites and Services. Configurable information includes settings for site links, site link bridges, and bridgehead servers.
Federation service:
Active Directory Federation Services (AD Federation Services) is a feature of the Windows Server operating system. It uses a claims-based access-control authorization model to maintain application security and to implement federated identity and aims to reduce the complexity around password management and guest account provisioning. AD Federation Services builds upon this functionality to authenticate users on third-party systems.
Certificate service
Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) provides customizable services for issuing and managing public key certificates used in software security systems that employ public key technologies. AD CS include Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME), secure wireless networks, virtual private networks (VPN), Internet Protocol security (IPsec), Encrypting File System (EFS), smart card logon, Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) and digital signatures.
.
Describe the process to start and restart apache on CENTOS command lin.docx
Describe the process to start and restart apache on CENTOS command line. Also describe how to have apache start automatically when the server is rebooted.
Solution
In order to stop or restart the Apache HTTP Server, you must send a signal to the running httpd processes. There are two ways to send the signals. First, you can use the unix kill command to directly send signals to the processes. You will notice many httpd executables running on your system, but you should not send signals to any of them except the parent, whose pid is in the PidFile.
Start: Starting httpd using the apachectl control script sets the environmental variables in /etc/sysconfig/httpd and starts httpd. You can also set the environment variables using the init script.
You can also start httpd using /sbin/service httpd start. This starts httpd but does not set the environment variables. If you are using the default Listen directive in httpd.conf, which is port 80, you will need to have root privileges to start the apache server.
Restart:
Signal: HUP
apachectl -k restart
Sending the HUP or restart signal to the parent causes it to kill off its children like in TERM, but the parent doesn\'t exit. It re-reads its configuration files, and re-opens any log files. Then it spawns a new set of children and continues serving hits.
If you want your server to continue running after a system reboot, you should add a call to apachectl to your system startup files (typically rc.local or a file in an rc.N directory). This will start Apache as root. Before doing this ensure that your server is properly configured for security and access restrictions.
The apachectl script is designed to act like a standard SysV init script; it can take the arguments start, restart, and stop and translate them into the appropriate signals to httpd. So you can often simply link apachectl into the appropriate init directory. But be sure to check the exact requirements of your system.
.
Describe- in your own words- the mechanism for establishing a HTTPS co.docx
Describe, in your own words, the mechanism for establishing a HTTPS connection.
Solution
HTTPS consists of communication over HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) with an encrypted layer such as Transport Layer Security (TSL) or Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
The connection between Client and Server using HTTPS is established by a handshake process which has 3 main phases namely Hello, Certificate exchange and key exchange.
a) Hello-
This is the first phase where the client sends a message ClientHello which contains all the necessary information such as various cipher suites, SSL version number etc. for the server to connect to the client via SSL. Then the server responds with a ServerHello message which contains similar information for client.
b) Certificate Exchange –
Once the contact is established between the Server and the Client, the server has to prove its identity to the client using its SSL certificate. The SSL certificate contains various information such as name of the owner, the domain it is attached to, the certificate’s public key, certificate’s validity dates etc. The client then verifies the certificate whether it is a trusted certificate or it is verified and trusted by one of several Certificate Authorities (CAs) which client trusts.
c) Key Exchange –
In this phase the exchange of encryption key is happened by the client and server using a symmetric algorithm which was already agreed during the Hello phase. The client generates a random key for the symmetric algorithm. It then encrypts the key using an algorithm (which was also agreed upon during the Hello phase) and the server’s public key from the SSL certificate. Client then sends this encrypted key to the server, where it is decrypted using the server’s private key.
Once the client and server have verified each over’s identity and have secretly agreed on a key to symmetrically encrypt the data that they are about to send each other, then the HTTP requests and responses can start flowing form one party to other in the form of a plaintext message with encryption. The other party using the key decrypt is while reading.
.
Describe the process of creating and exporting a schedule report for t.docx
Describe the process of creating and exporting a schedule report for the medicalpractice. What is the purpose of the schedule report?
Solution
Purpose of the Schedule report:
A shedule report is a task that lets you export data from one or more dash boards on one-time or recurring basis. The following are the main purposes that are considered mainly.
you can create and manage your own scheduled reports while viewing dashboards. A scheduled report has both a name and a schedule which is defined in the same way as scheduled in the import of a file. You can export the dashboard in a report to the same excel file has png image or url links to the dashboard. Other export formats are available depending on the addons you have installed. The exported data can be delivered to you via email attachment or has file stored on the disk.
Creating and exporting a schedule report for the medical practice:
When creating a new schedule report first view the Dashboard in that view the first dashboard that you want to include in your report ,Set any parameter controls on the dashboard to desired filter parameters, Now click schedule on the toolbar After that schedule report definition window is opened.
Steps:
1) Select the Create new schedule option in the Schedule Report Definition. In that click next to go the next step.
2) In this step enter the Report name and choose when to send the report by schedulling it. After that select a schedule type A dialy schedule,A Weekly schedule, A monthly Schedule, A custom schedule.
now click on the edit button besides your selected schedule type to launch define report schedule window. Click on next to goto next step.
3) choose the report file format from the drop down list microsoft excel, png image, link only. If you choose excel options click excel settings to set advanced excel export option then click next to goto next page.
4) This is the last step you have to set the delivery option for the report by first choosing the delivery method from that drop down list email, create files. After setting delivery optins click finish to complete the scheduled report definition window.
.
Describe the principal technologies that have shaped contemporary tele.docx
Describe the principal technologies that have shaped contemporary telecommunications systems. Compare Web 2.0 and Web 3.0. It has been said that within the next few years, smartphones will become the single most important digital device we own. Discuss the implications of this statement.
Solution
Describe the principal technologies that have shaped contemporary telecommunications systems.
Current networks have been influenced by the ascent of client-server computing, the use of packet switching, and the adoption of Transmission Control Protocol-Internet Protocol as a universal communications standard for linking disparate networks and computers, including the Internet. Protocol provides a mutual set of guidelines that enable communication among numerous components in a telecommunications network.
Compare Web 2.0 and Web 3.0. It has been said that within the next few years, smartphones will become the single most important digital device we own. Discuss the implications of this statement
Web2.0 refers to second-generation interactive Internet based services that enable people to collaborate, share information, and create new services online. Web2.0 is distinguished by technologies and services like cloud computing, software mashups and widgets, blogs, RSS, and wikis. These software applications run on the Web itself instead of the desktop and bring the vision of Web-based computing closer to realization. Web2.0 tools and services have fueled the creation of social networks and other online communities where people can interact with one another in the manner of their choosing.
Web3.0 focuses on developing techniques to make searching Web pages more productive and meaningful for ordinary people. Web3.0 is the promise of a future Web where all digital information and all contacts can be woven together into a single meaningful experience. Sometimes referred to as the semantic Web, Web3.0 intends to add a layer of meaning a top the existing Web to reduce the amount of human involvement in searching for and processing Web information. It also focuses on ways to make the Web more
.
Describe the typical duties of a security manager that are strictly ma.docx
Describe the typical duties of a security manager that are strictly managerial and not technical in nature.
Solution
Duties of a Security Mamger:
Write or review security-related documents, such as incident reports, proposals, and tactical or strategic initiatives.
Train subordinate security professionals or other organization members in security rules and procedures.
Plan security for special and high-risk events.
Review financial reports to ensure efficiency and quality of security operations.
Develop budgets for security operations.
Order security-related supplies and equipment as needed.
Coordinate security operations or activities with public law enforcement, fire and other agencies.
Attend meetings, professional seminars, or conferences to keep abreast of changes in executive legislative directives or new technologies impacting security operations.
Assist in emergency management and contingency planning.
Arrange for or perform executive protection activities.
Respond to medical emergencies, bomb threats, fire alarms, or intrusion alarms, following emergency response procedures.
Recommend security procedures for security call centers, operations centers, domains, asset classification systems, system acquisition, system development, system maintenance, access control, program models, or reporting tools.
Prepare reports or make presentations on internal investigations, losses, or violations of regulations, policies and procedures.
Identify, investigate, or resolve security breaches.
Monitor security policies, programs or procedures to ensure compliance with internal security policies, licensing requirements, or applicable government security requirements, policies, and directives.
Analyze and evaluate security operations to identify risks or opportunities for improvement.
Create or implement security standards, policies, and procedures.
Conduct, support, or assist in governmental reviews, internal corporate evaluations, or assessments of the overall effectiveness of the facilities security processes.
Conduct physical examinations of property to ensure compliance with security policies and regulations.
Communicate security status, updates, and actual or potential problems, using established protocols.
Collect and analyze security data to determine security needs, security program goals, or program accomplishments.
Supervise subordinate security professionals, performing activities such as hiring, training, assigning work, evaluating performance, or disciplining.
Plan, direct, or coordinate security activities to safeguard company assets, employees, guests, or others on company property.
.
Describe the four categories of international airports in the federal.docx
Describe the four categories of international airports in the federal classification of international airports.
Solution
Commercial Service Airports are publicly owned airports that have at least 2,500 passenger boardings each calendar year and receive scheduled passenger service. Passenger boardings refer to revenue passenger boardings on an aircraft in service in air commerce whether or not in scheduled service. The definition also includes passengers who continue on an aircraft in international flight that stops at an airport in any of the 50 States for a non-traffic purpose, such as refueling or aircraft maintenance rather than passenger activity. Passenger boardings at airports that receive scheduled passenger service are also referred to as Enplanements. Nonprimary Commercial Service Airports are Commercial Service Airports that have at least 2,500 and no more than 10,000 passenger boardings each year. Primary Airports are Commercial Service Airports that have more than 10,000 passenger boardings each year. Hub categories for Primary Airports are defined as a percentage of total passenger boardings within the United States in the most current calendar year ending before the start of the current fiscal year. For example, calendar year 2014 data are used for fiscal year 2016 since the fiscal year began 9 months after the end of that calendar year. The table above depicts the formulae used for the definition of airport categories based on statutory provisions cited within the table, including Hub Type described in 49 USC 47102. Cargo Service Airports are airports that, in addition to any other air transportation services that may be available, are served by aircraft providing air transportation of only cargo with a total annual landed weight of more than 100 million pounds. \"Landed weight\" means the weight of aircraft transporting only cargo in intrastate, interstate, and foreign air transportation. An airport may be both a commercial service and a cargo service airport. Reliever Airports are airports designated by the FAA to relieve congestion at Commercial Service Airports and to provide improved general aviation access to the overall community. These may be publicly or privately-owned. General Aviation Airports are public-use airports that do not have scheduled service or have less than 2,500 annual passenger boardings (49 USC 47102(8)). Approximately 88 percent of airports included in the NPIAS are general aviation.
.
Describe the major types of VPNs and technologies- protocols- and serv.docx
Describe the major types of VPNs and technologies, protocols, and services used to deploy VPNs. Also describe the business benefits of VPNs.
Solution
A virtual private network (VPN) is a technology that creates an encrypted connection over a less secure network. The benefit of using a VPN is that it ensures the appropriate level of security to the connected systems when the underlying network infrastructure alone cannot provide it. The justification for using a VPN instead of a private network usually boils down to cost and feasibility: It is either not feasible to have a private network (e.g., for a traveling sales rep) or it is too costly to do so. The most common types of VPNs are remote-access VPNs and site-to-site VPNs
A remote-access VPN uses a public telecommunication infrastructure like the Internet to provide remote users secure access to their organization\'s network. A VPN client on the remote user\'s computer or mobile device connects to a VPN gateway on the organization\'s network, which typically requires the device to authenticate its identity, then creates a network link back to the device that allows it to reach internal network resources (e.g., file servers, printers, intranets) as though it was on that network locally. A remote-access VPN usually relies on either IPsec or SSL to secure the connection, although SSL VPNs are often focused on supplying secure access to a single application rather than to the whole internal network. Some VPNs provide Layer 2access to the target network; these require a tunneling protocol like PPTP or L2TP running across the base IPsec connection.
A site-to-site VPN uses a gateway device to connect the entire network in one location to the network in another, usually a small branch connecting to a data center. End-node devices in the remote location do not need VPN clients because the gateway handles the connection. Most site-to-site VPNs connecting over the Internet use IPsec. It is also common to use carrier MPLS clouds rather than the public Internet as the transport for site VPNs. Here, too, it is possible to have either Layer 3 connectivity (MPLS IP VPN) or Layer 2 (Virtual Private LAN Service, or VPLS) running across the base transport.
VPNs can also be defined between specific computers, typically servers in separate data centers, when security requirements for their exchanges exceed what the enterprise network can deliver. Increasingly, enterprises also use VPNs in either remote-access mode or site-to-site mode to connect (or connect to) resources in a public infrastructure as a service environment. Newer hybrid-access scenarios put the VPN gateway itself in the cloud, with a secure link from the cloud service provider into the internal network.
.
Describe the different metrics that BGP can use in building a routing.docx
Describe the different metrics that BGP can use in building a routing table
Solution
The metrics used by BGP in building a routing table are
1) Weight — weight is the first criterion used by the router and it is set locally on the user’s router. The Weight is not passed to the following router updates. In case there are multiple paths to a certain IP address, BGP always selects the path with the highest weight. The weight parameter can be set either through neighbor command, route maps or via the AS-path access list.
2) Local Preference — this criterion indicates which route has local preference and BGP selects the one with the highest preference. Local Preference default is 100.
3) Network or Aggregate — this criterion chooses the path that was originated locally via an aggregate or a network, as the aggregation of certain routes in one is quite effective and helps to save a lot of space on the network.
4) Shortest AS_PATH — this criterion is used by BGP only in case it detects two similar paths with nearly the same local preference, weight and locally originated or aggregate addresses.
5) Lowest origin type — this criterion assigns higher preference to Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) and lower preference to Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP).
6) Lowest multi-exit discriminator (MED) — this criterion, representing the external metric of a route, gives preference to the lower MED value.
7) eBGP over iBGP — just like the “Lowest origin type†criterion, this criterion prefers eBGP rather than iBGP.
8) Lowest IGP metric — this criterion selects the path with the lowest IGP metric to the BGP next hop.
9) Multiple paths — this criterion serves as indication whether multiple routes need to be installed in the routing table.
10) External paths — out of several external paths, this criterion selects the first received path.
11) Lowest router ID — this criterion selects the path which connects to the BGP router that has the lowest router ID.
12) Minimum cluster list — in case multiple paths have the same router ID or originator, this criterion selects the path with the minimum length of the cluster list.
13) Lowest neighbor address — this criterion selects the path, which originates from the lowest neighbor address.
.
Describe the ethnic city and the benefit of ethnic communiti- (-I need.docx
Describe the ethnic city and the benefit of ethnic communiti? (. I need 4 paragraphs please .
Explain what you believe social justice meant to Progressive? ( 1 paragraph
Solution
1ans)
An ‘ethnic group’ has been defined as a group that regards itself or is regarded by others as a distinct community by virtue of certain characteristics that will help to distinguish the group from the surrounding community. Ethnicity is considered to be shared characteristics such as culture, language, religion, and traditions, which contribute to a person or group’s identity.
Ethnicity has been described as residing in:
• The belief by members of a social group that they are culturally distinctive and different to outsiders;
• Their willingness to find symbolic markers of that difference (food habits, religion, forms of dress, language) and to emphasized their significance
• Their willingness to organize relationships with outsiders so that a kind of ‘group boundary’ is preserved and reproduced
This shows that ethnicity is not necessarily genetic. It also shows how someone might describe themselves by an ethnicity different to their birth identity if they reside for a considerable time in a different area and they decide to adopt the culture, symbols and relationships of their new community.
It is worth noting that the Traveller Community is recognised as a distinct ethnic group in the UK and Northern Ireland, but only as a distinct cultural group in the Republic of Ireland.
Ethnicity is also a preferential term to describe the difference between humans rather than ‘race’. This is because race is a now a discredited term that divided all peoples based on the idea of skin colour and superiority. There is only one ‘race’, the human race as we are essentially genetically identical. For example, there is no French ‘race’ but the French people could be described as a separate ethnic group.
Advantages
Disadvantages
2ans)
Progressivism is a term commonly applied to a variety of responses to the economic and social problems that arose as a result of urbanization and the rapid industrialization introduced to America in the 19th Century. Progressivism began as a social movement to cope with a variety of social needs and eventually evolved into a reform movement and greater political action. The early progressives rejected Social Darwinism. In other words, they were people who believed that the problems society faced (poverty, poor health, violence, greed, racism, class warfare) could best be addressed by providing good education, a safer environment, an efficient workplace and honest government. Progressives lived mainly in the cities, were college educated, and believed that government could be a tool for change.
.
Describe the different types of qualitative analysis and indicate whic.docx
Describe the different types of qualitative analysis and indicate which is most persuasive.
Solution
A qualitative analysis or a research is based on the collection and analysis of non-numeric data like words or pictures. Qualitative methods have three distinct dimensions which are as follows:
1. Understanding Concept
2. Understanding People
3. Understanding Interaction
Four major types of qualitative research are:
1. Phenomenology - The analysis of data is done by getting access to individuals life-worlds, which is actually their world of experience. This can be done by conducting in-depth interviews. In this analysis the commonalities across individuals are sought. Once the data is collected it will be analyzed and report will be prepared based on the collected data and understandings.
2. Ethonography - It is a analysis based on the study of a group of people based on their culture. People from same or similar culture share beliefs, customs, rituals, practices and language norms. This will be highly effective in analyzing data qualitatively. The data that are collected in this method of analysis are based on the cultural standards, insider\'s perspective, external and social scentific view.
3. Grounded Theory - Here the analysis is based on the theoretical approach. The major characteristics of grounded theory are Fit, Understanding, Generality and control. Theories provide explanation and they tell us how and why of any situiation.
4. Case Study - In this analysis the various cases are considered and in-depth analysis is performed to study the variations and deviations.
In all the above steps Data coding and analysis takes place. Data Analysis is done in three different steps and they are:
1. Open Coding -Â Â Reading transcripts
2. Axial Coding - Organizing concepts
3. Selective Coding - Focusing on main ideas
Phenomenology is the most pursuasive method of qualitative analysis since the data is sought directly from the individuals. Hence this can be relied upon thoroughly.
.
Describe neo-evolution- What is it and what are its primary tenets- Pr.docx
Describe neo-evolution. What is it and what are its primary tenets?
Provide an example of a technology that is altering or may alter human evolution.
What are the potential benefits of this type of technology?
What are the potential drawbacks?
What are the moral and ethical implications of neo-evolution?
Should we continue to pursue this form of technology? Why or why not?
Solution
oevolutionism , school of anthropology concerned with long-term culture change and with the similar patterns of development that may be seen in unrelated, widely separated cultures. It arose in the mid-20th century, and it addresses the relation between the long-term changes that are characteristic of human culture in general and the short-term, localized social and ecological adjustments that cause specific cultures to differ from one another as they adapt to their own unique environments. Further, neoevolutionists investigate the ways in which different cultures adapt to similar environments and examine the similarities and differences in the long-term historical trajectories of such groups. Because most neoevolutionists are interested in the environmental and technological adjustments of the groups they study, many are identified with the cultural ecological approach to ethnography, with the culture process approach to archaeology, and with the study of early and protohumans in biological anthropology.
Neoevolutionary anthropological thought emerged in the 1940s, in the work of the American anthropologists Leslie A. White and Julian H. Steward and others. White hypothesized that cultures became more advanced as they became more efficient at harnessing energy and that technology and social organization were both influential in instigating such efficiencies. Steward, inspired by classifying the native cultures of North and South America, focused on the parallel developments of unrelated groups in similar environments; he discussed evolutionary change in terms of what he called “levels of sociocultural integration†and “multilinear evolution,†terms he used to distinguish neoevolution from earlier, unilineal theories of cultural evolution.
In the years since White’s and Steward’s seminal work, neoevolutionary approaches have been variously accepted, challenged, rejected, and revised, and they continue to generate a lively controversy among those interested in long-term cultural and social change.
.
Describe ip protocol security pros and cons-SolutionIP Protocol Securi.docx
Describe ip protocol security pros and cons.
Solution
IP Protocol Security:
Internet Protocol Security ( IPsec ) is a protocol suite for secure Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating and encrypting each IP packet of a communication session. IPsec can be used in protecting data flows between a pair of hosts ( host-to-host ), between a pair of security gateways ( network-to-network ), or between a security gateway and a host ( network-to-host ).
Security architecture:
Pros of IPsec:
·Security at the Network Layer Level - Being based at the network level, this technology is completely invisible in its operation . The end users are never required to learn about it, and neither do they ever directly interact with it. This in itself is an added layer of security for the VPNs running on IPsec.
·No Application Dependence - While SSL-/ SSH-/ PGP-based VPNs are application-dependent, IPsec-based VPNs do not need to worry about application dependence. Since the entire security system is implemented at the network level, there are no application compatibility issues.
Cons of IPsec:
·CPU Overhead - Having to perform encryption and decryption on the hundreds of megabytes of data flowing through the machines requires quite a bit of processing power, and this translates to higher processor loads .
·Compatibility Issues - IPsec is a standardized solution today, and yet, some large software developers may not adhere to it, and may go ahead with standards of their own. As a result, this can lead to compatibility issues .
·Broken Algorithms - Some of the security algorithms that are still being used in IPsec have already been cracked. This poses a huge security risk, especially if the network administrators unknowingly use those algorithms instead of newer, more complex ones that are already available.
.
Describe core competencies and their relationship to operations manage.docx
Describe core competencies and their relationship to operations management. Please provide an example for a manufacturing environment and a service environment.
Solution
core competency fullfills three key criteria:
A core competency can take various forms, including technical/subject matter know-how, a reliable process and/or close relationships with customers and suppliers. It may also include product development or culture, such as employee dedication, best Human Resource Management (HRM), good market coverage, or kaizen or continuous improvement over time.
Core competencies are particular strengths relative to other organizations in the industry, which provide the fundamental basis for the provision of added value. Core competencies reflect the collective learning of an organization and involve coordinating diverse production skills and integrating multiple streams of technologies. It includes communication, involvement, and a deep commitment to working across organizational boundaries, such as improving cross-functional teams within an organization to address boundaries and to overcome them. Few companies are likely to build world leadership in more than five or six fundamental competencies.
As an example of core competencies, Walt Disney World Parks and Resorts has three main core competencies:
core competencies their relationship to operations management
Operations management is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as few resources as needed, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements.
Core competencies are the collective learning in the organization, especially how to coordinate diverse production skills and integrate multiple streams of technologies.It embodies an organization
.
Describe in detail a man-in-the-middle attack on the Diffie-Hellman ke.docx
Describe in detail a man-in-the-middle attack on the Diffie-Hellman key-exchange protocol whereby the adversary ends up sharing a key k A with Alice and a different key k B with Bob, and Alice and Bob cannot detect that anything has gone wrong.
What happens if Alice and Bob try to detect the presence of a man-in-the-middle adversary by sending each other (encrypted) questions that only the other party would know how to answer?
Solution
In man-in-the-middle attack, an opponent Eve intercepts Alice\'s public key K A and sends her own public key as K A to Bob. When Bob transmits his public key K B , Eve substitutes it with her own and sends it as K B to Alice. Eve and Alice thus agree on one shared key and Eve and Bob agree on another shared key. After this exchange, Eve simply decrypts any messages sent out by Alice or Bob, and then reads and possibly modifies them before re-encrypting with the appropriate key and transmitting them to the other party. This vulnerability is present because Diffie-Hellman key exchange does not authenticate the participants. The man-in-the-middle attack may be prevented by using digital signatures and other cryptographic schemes.
Bob to encrypt a message so that only Alice will be able to decrypt it, with no prior communication between them other than Bob having trusted knowledge of Alice\'s public key. Alice\'s public key is
g K A mod p, g,p. . To send her a message, Bob chooses a random K B and then sends Alice g K B mod p
together with the message encrypted with ( g K A ) K B mod p symmetric key. Only Alice can determine the symmetric key and hence decrypt the message because only she has K A.
.
Describe events that led to the signing of the Homeland Security Act 2.docx
Describe events that led to the signing of the Homeland Security Act 2002 into law on November 25, 2002. What was the intent of this Act and what department did it create? How did the Act change FEMA’s emergency response role? Several agencies resisted efforts to be incorporated in the new department. Identify three such agencies and explain why they may have been reluctant to join. Do you agree?
Solution
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was formed during the incorporation of all or part of 22 various federal departments into a united, incorporated Department. It was initiated to make the Americans safe.
The President of America says to form a novel DHS, by considering all the departments into a single to safeguard the America under the name of DHS. It is the strategic plan applied by him after the terrorist attack in pennenslavia.
The DHS mission is to keep the Americans safe from any of the attacks.
Blue campaign and citizen corps involved in the Department of Homeland security.
The Blue Campaign gives its support to the DHS and believe that every people has a right to have a freedom and then it combines with other NGO’s, to fulfill its belief.
The mission of Citizen Corps is to bind the people of Americans to enhance their knowledge with education, providing training centers, and volunteer service to make people strong and prepare them how to handle situations when they were troubles or attacks by other or some other natural disasters occurs.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is an organization of theUnited States Department of Homeland Security, initially created by Presidential Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1978 and implemented by twoExecutive Orders on April 1, 1979.The goal is to organize the reply to a disasters that has happened in the US and then provide the funds to local and state government. The governer from that state that is where the disaster took place is the right person to intimate to the FEMA and to president
.
More from earleanp (20)
Create your own variant of both a hiring and a termination policy rela.docx
Create your own variant of both a hiring and a termination policy rela.docx
Determine the valuation of long-term liabilities- Donald Lennon is the.docx
Determine the valuation of long-term liabilities- Donald Lennon is the.docx
Describe three of the following attack types in the Operation Security.docx
Describe three of the following attack types in the Operation Security.docx
Describes the concept of ADTS and illustrates the concept with three o.docx
Describes the concept of ADTS and illustrates the concept with three o.docx
Describe- manage- and install Active Directory replication- federation.docx
Describe- manage- and install Active Directory replication- federation.docx
Describe the process to start and restart apache on CENTOS command lin.docx
Describe the process to start and restart apache on CENTOS command lin.docx
Describe- in your own words- the mechanism for establishing a HTTPS co.docx
Describe- in your own words- the mechanism for establishing a HTTPS co.docx
Describe the process of creating and exporting a schedule report for t.docx
Describe the process of creating and exporting a schedule report for t.docx
Describe the principal technologies that have shaped contemporary tele.docx
Describe the principal technologies that have shaped contemporary tele.docx
Describe the typical duties of a security manager that are strictly ma.docx
Describe the typical duties of a security manager that are strictly ma.docx
Describe the four categories of international airports in the federal.docx
Describe the four categories of international airports in the federal.docx
Describe the major types of VPNs and technologies- protocols- and serv.docx
Describe the major types of VPNs and technologies- protocols- and serv.docx
Describe the different metrics that BGP can use in building a routing.docx
Describe the different metrics that BGP can use in building a routing.docx
Describe the ethnic city and the benefit of ethnic communiti- (-I need.docx
Describe the ethnic city and the benefit of ethnic communiti- (-I need.docx
Describe the different types of qualitative analysis and indicate whic.docx
Describe the different types of qualitative analysis and indicate whic.docx
Describe neo-evolution- What is it and what are its primary tenets- Pr.docx
Describe neo-evolution- What is it and what are its primary tenets- Pr.docx
Describe ip protocol security pros and cons-SolutionIP Protocol Securi.docx
Describe ip protocol security pros and cons-SolutionIP Protocol Securi.docx
Describe core competencies and their relationship to operations manage.docx
Describe core competencies and their relationship to operations manage.docx
Describe in detail a man-in-the-middle attack on the Diffie-Hellman ke.docx
Describe in detail a man-in-the-middle attack on the Diffie-Hellman ke.docx
Describe events that led to the signing of the Homeland Security Act 2.docx
Describe events that led to the signing of the Homeland Security Act 2.docx
Recently uploaded
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcRPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Covered community pharmacy topic of the subject Social and preventive pharmacy for Diploma and Bachelor of pharmacy
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Recently uploaded (20)
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
What is the role of internal auditing- A- To subsitute for the externa.docx
- 1. What is the role of internal auditing? A. To subsitute for the external auditor whenever possible. B. To provide assurance and consulting services to improve n organization's operations C. To assist the audit committe in negiations with the external auditor D. To mediate disagreements between the external auditor and corporate management Solution The Institute of Internal Auditors ("IIA") offers the following description: "Internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organizations' operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes." Thus answer to our question is B The provide assurance and consulting services to improve an organization's operations. Apart from this there are many other roles and responsibilities that internal auditors have to perform: