A real-time operating system (RTOS) processes data and responds to inputs within predetermined time constraints, ensuring efficient management through components like schedulers and memory management. RTOS types are categorized into soft real-time, which tolerates some delays, and hard real-time, which demands strict adherence to timing. Applications span control systems, image processing, and Voice over IP, with factors like performance and team familiarity crucial for selection.

1. Over View of RTOS
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2. What is a Real-Time Operating
System (RTOS)?
 A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an
operating system that works in real time, with
deterministic constraints that require efficient time
usage and power to process incoming data and relay
the expected results without any unknown or
unexpected delays.
 RTOS software is time dependent, meaning that it
should process input and offer output within a short
predetermined deterministic period.
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3. Components of a RTOS
 A real-time operating system includes multiple
components:
 The scheduler: This is the main RTOS element that
determines the order of execution of tasks or threads
usually based on a priority scheme, and either in a run to
completion or round robin fashion.
 Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP): An RTOS has the
ability to handle and separate multiple tasks or threads so
that they can be run on multiple cores to allow for parallel
processing of code (i.e. multitasking).
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4. Components of a RTOS
 Function library: Is a standard interface that can
contain an application program interface (API) to call
routines within it, this is the interface that connects
that application code and the kernel.
 Fast dispatch latency/context switch
time: Dispatch latency represents the time from when
the operating system identifies that a task has finished
an until a ready to run thread is started or when an
event is triggered that causes a higher priority tasks to
preempt a currently running task.
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5. Components of a RTOS
 User-defined data objects and classes: An RTOS
relies on programming languages with data structures
that are organized based on their type of operation.
 Memory Management: Memory management is
required to allocate memory for every program to be
run or object to be referenced in memory.
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6. Types of Real-Time Operating
Systems
 Real-time operating systems are classified into two
types:
 Soft real-time systems: A soft RTOS requires that a
response be logically correct and occur before a certain
deadline or the result becomes increasingly inaccurate.
Essentially the result can still hold some value even though
it occurred after the required deadline.
 Hard real-time systems: A hard real-time system is a time
constrained and deterministic system that responds within
a specified time frame. They are dictated by deadlines,
latency and time constraints.
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7. Applications of Real-Time
Operating Systems
 An RTOS offers mostly operational solutions, including
applications such as:
 Control systems: The RTOS is used to monitor and
execute control system commands. Real-time systems are
used to control actuators and sensors for functions like
digital controllers.
 Image processing: Real-time image processing is essential
for making real-time adjustments for moving objects.
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8. Applications of Real-Time
Operating Systems
 Voice over IP (VoIP): VoIP relies on Internet protocols
to transmit voices in real time. As such, VoIP can be
implemented on any IP network like intranets, local
area networks, and the Internet. The voice is
digitalized, compressed and converted to IP packets in
real time before being transmitted over an IP network.
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9. Considerations for Choosing
an RTOS
 Consider the following factors while choosing RTOS:
 Performance: Performance is a core factor that must
be considered when choosing an RTOS.
 Unique features: A good RTOS should be scalable
and feature efficient memory protection systems.
 Your IT team: So, decide on an RTOS that your IT
team is familiar with and can work with.
 Middleware: Ensure that your middleware features
components like TCP/IPand file systems.
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10. Considerations for Choosing
an RTOS
 A real-time operating system should be of premium
quality and easy to navigate. Developing embedded
projects is hard and time-consuming; developers should
not have to struggle with real-time system-related issues
that can be distracting. An RTOS should be a trusted
component that any developer can count on.
 Good examples of real-time operating systems are the RTX
(32-bit) and RTX64 (64-bit) solutions that allow you and
your team to focus on adding value to your applications.
This software is designed to serve as a hard real-time
system that delivers output within a specified time frame to
improve embedded systems’ quality.
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11. Get in Touch
Address: 400 Fifth Avenue, Fourth Floor Waltham, MA
02451
Phone: 781-996-4481
Fax: 781-795-0158
E-mail: sales@intervalzero.com
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