Real-time systems are those systems in which the correctness of the system depends not only on the logical result of computation, but also on the time at which the results are produced.
3. Introduction
Real-time systems are those systems in which
the correctness of the system depends not
only on the logical result of computation, but
also on the time at which the results are
produced.
Supports real-time applications by providing
logically correct result within the deadline
required.
RTOS is key to many embedded systems and
provides a platform to build applications.
4. Classification
Hard real time system
• Tasks have to be
performed on time
• Failure to meet
deadlines is fatal
• Example :
Flight Control System,
medical systems .
Soft real time system
• Tasks are performed
as fast as possible
• Late completion of
jobs is undesirable
but not fatal.
• Example:
Online Databases,
computer games.
5. Single purpose
Small size
Inexpensively mass-produced
Specific timing requirements
Do not require interfacing with a
user
System Characteristics
7. System-on-a-Chip
Many real-time systems are
designed using system-on-a-chip
strategy
SOC allows the CPU, memory,
memory-management unit, and
attached peripheral ports (i.e., USB)
to be contained in a single
integrated circuit
13. Priority Inversion Problem
High-level task stalled due to low-level
using shared resources, then a
medium-level task holding up the low-
level one
Solution: Priority inheritance – give
low-level task high-level priority
14. Scheduling Algorithms in RTOS
Priority Scheduling
Processor never left idle when there are
ready tasks
Processor allocated to processes
according to priorities
15. Priority Scheduling
Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
Process with earliest deadline given highest
priority
Least Slack Time First (LSF)
slack = relative deadline – execution left
Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS)
For periodic tasks
Tasks priority inversely proportional to it’s
period
17. APPLICATIONS OF RTOS
Almost all the modern telecommunication
systems make use of RTOS .
Radar systems, network switching control
systems, satellite monitoring systems, satellite
launch-control and global positioning systems all
have their roots in RTOS.
Now a days RTOS are increasingly finding use in
strategic and military operations. These are used
in guided missile launching units,track-and-trace
spy satellites, etc.