This document provides an overview of blockchain technology. It defines blockchain as a distributed secure ledger that stores data across a network in an encrypted way that makes it difficult to hack. Blockchains use cryptography and consensus algorithms to securely store data and execute smart contracts without needing a centralized authority. This allows for high levels of transparency, security, and fault tolerance. The document discusses how blockchains can transform organizations by enabling trustless transactions through decentralized networks.

1. What is a
Blockchain?
The foundation for the next generation of
modern organizations

2. What is a blockchain?
Our definition of a blockchain varies from many online sources
Common definition:
a distributed secure ledger
it’s much more than that!

3. Is it just a secure ledger?
Blockchain fundamentals
A well-designed blockchain securely stores data
and executes “smart-contracts”.
It is the foundation of a modern organization.

4. Today...
Modern public or private organizations store information in databases
Data can be changed by the owner or a hacker.
Computer security is not perfect.
Databases cannot be always trusted.

5. Future...
Many organizations will store information in public or private blockchains
A blockchain stores cryptographically verified
copies of data all around the world.
It is extremely hard to hack
without getting noticed!

6. Ownership and transparency
Database vs. Blockchain
Databases are owned and
operated by an entity
Public blockchains are
ownership free
Anyone can inspect data for
highest level of transparency

7. Security and scalability
Database vs. Blockchain
Databases are centralized.
Data can be hacked.
Highly decentralized
blockchain “data” is extremely
hard to hack and get away
Highly decentralized
blockchains are censorship
resistant and highly fault
tolerant

8. Basics of blockchain
How it stores information
Blockchain stores data in blocks. Any changes to a previous
block breaks the integrity of the chain.
Every block of data is cryptographically linked to the previous block.

9. Basics of blockchain
How it protects information
When a bad actor changes data in a previous block, all future
blocks in the new chain becomes different than the original.
Good portion before illegal changes Bad portion after illegal changes

10. ORIGINAL CHAIN (LOCATION A) ORIGINAL CHAIN (LOCATION B)
Basics of blockchain
How it protects information
Only the longest chain, verified by the majority consensus, is
trusted and continues as the valid blockchain.
BAD ACTOR’S CHAIN

11. Basics of blockchain
How it goes beyond securing data
Blockchains execute
“smart-contracts” which are
verified, open source code to
perform business operations
without any human interaction.

12. Basics of blockchain
How it goes beyond securing data
Since there is no human involved in
the execution of a smart-contract, the
level of trust is very high for an
expected behavior.
Given same input, same output is
expected. No subjective decisions
involved.

13. Basics of blockchain (continued)
How blockchain goes beyond securing data
Many business and government functions can be automated
using smart-contracts where “trust” is scarce, blockchains can
be the building blocks of a trustless (aka no middleman)
organization for parties who generally do not trust each other.

14. Tech Summary
Decentralized public blockchains:
Censorship Resistance
HIGH
● Resists large-scale attacks
● Resists censorship
● High fault tolerance
● Has no single point of failure
● 100% transparent
● Open Source code base
Fault tolerance from
disastersHIGH
Single point
of failureZERO
Transparency
100%
Source
OPEN

15. Use Cases
What is blockchain good for?
Middlemen FreeGO
● Replace middleman — requiring trust –
with smart-contracts
● Build transparency where centralized data
can be prone to hacks and owner control
● Build fault-tolerance through massive
decentralization
● Build global resources where ownership by
an entity or a nation is not fair to the rest of
the stakeholders
Geographic
decentralization can
withstand natural or
man-made disasters
STRONG
Building global resources
in a fair manner is now
possibleGLOBAL