Blockchain is a decentralized database that stores transactional records in blocks that are linked using cryptography. It allows for a distributed ledger that can be shared across a network of users. Some key points: - Data is stored immutably across blocks that are linked together, making it difficult to tamper with past records. - It provides a trustless environment where no single entity controls the data. Various applications are being built on blockchain platforms like Ethereum to execute smart contracts. - Several industries are exploring blockchain to increase efficiency and reduce costs by streamlining processes like insurance claims, travel bookings, and bank guarantees that involve multiple parties. Major companies are developing blockchain solutions for these use cases.

1. Blockchain
Fatima Javed

2. De-centralized
network

3. B l c o k c h a i n ( b o o k a n a l o g y )

5. Blocks

6. Blockchain
It’s a decentralized DB which stores the information in the form of transactions.
It can be public or private over P2P network
Stored data is immutable
Highly Secure (difficult to tamper easy to detect)
Data get recorded via consensus based on algorithms
Uses cryptography

7. Decentralization of Data in a Trustless Env.
Traditional System
Centralized system
with stored ledger
Blockchain System
Distributed system
with distributed ledger

8. Bitcoin Blockchain
 Implementation of Blockchain e.g Facebook , google are
application of internet
 Bitcoins are generated, or mined through a sequence of complex
mathematical formulas run through computers.
 Once that number hits 21 million, no more Bitcoins can be
generated.
 It is scarce and useful for trading (you can buy things using gold)

9. Ethereum blockchain
 It is a distributed computing application platform over blockchain , used for building and
implementing “smart contract” (customized programs)
 You create programs and deploy in blockchain and all the nodes and peers make sure that the
instructions are executed based on the program that is deployed. These programs are called
smart contracts.
 Whatever instructions given in the smart contracts will remain same, and all the instructions
given by the peers are deployed all at once using Ethereum Virtual Machine.
 Smart contract are written in Solidity, vyper language
 Ethereum is fueled by a token which is used as a gas (price in ether) to deploy or execute
the smart contract. This price may vary depending upon the code of the contracts that are
being executed.

10. Example Blockchain Application Architecture

11. Kickstart a project with a trustless crowdsale
 Do you already have ideas that you want to develop on Ethereum? Maybe you
need help and some funds to bring them to life, but who would lend money to
someone they don’t trust?
 Using Ethereum, you can create a contract that will hold a contributor's
money until any given date or goal is reached. Depending on the outcome,
the funds will either be released to the project owners or safely returned
back to the contributors. All of this is possible without requiring a centralized
arbitrator, clearinghouse or having to trust anyone.
 You can even use the token you created earlier to keep track of the
distribution of rewards.

12. When to use blockchain
 When the stored items are immutable
 Scenarios where the new records are added and older records remain as is and do not change
e.g health records, court administration, communication records between customer and
client.
 When you want to use decentralized system , where control is not given to one individual.
User identity management system.

13. Excellent Verticals to Work In
Retail & Manufacturing
Financial Healthcare Government

14. The Incentive

15. The Hype
Challenges to adoption
Corporate Muscle Memory
Technology Maturity
Enterprise Needs
Regulatory and Legal
Return on Investment not clear

16. Maersk Uses Blockchain to Secure and Streamline Marine
Insurance Process
Challenge
• Duplication, inefficiency, lack of
transparency, lack of data, fraud, and errors
across lots of parties interacting in marine
insurance
• Change is hard due to multiple regulators
and jurisdictions
• Rates are under pressure and costs are
becoming unmanageable
• Compliance is challenging
Strategy
• EY, Maersk, Guardtime, and
Microsoft developed a real-
time blockchain enabled
platform for marine
insurance
• The solution streamlines
claims and settlement
processes, while reducing
errors.
Results
• Real-time visibility into the location, condition
and safety of high-value assets moving around
the world
• Accurate, dynamic and fair underwriting and
pricing based on that visibility
• Streamlined regulatory reporting and
compliance
• Accurate and transparent data sharing among
all relevant stakeholders with audit trail
• Capital freed from poor credit system
“It is a priority for us to leverage technology to streamline and automate our interaction with the insurance market. Insurance
transactions are currently far too tedious and frictional. The distance between risk and capital is simply too far.”
— Lars Henneberg, VP, Head of Risk and Insurance of A.P. Moller-Maersk

17. Webjet Uses Blockchain in First-Of-A-Kind
Travel Bookings Solution
Challenge
• Webjet handles thousands of hotel
bookings every day that pass through
multiple operators. The high volume
of transactions and number of parties
involved in each transaction can lead
to discrepancies.
• Booking errors negatively affect customers’
experiences and undermine trust between
Webjet and its partners, and can also have
serious financial consequences.
Strategy
• Webjet and Microsoft
developed a first-of-a-kind
blockchain solution.
• The solution creates secure,
independent transaction
records that all parties can
see. Known as ‘Smart
Contracts, they streamlining
the booking and payment
process, and reducing errors.
Results
• The use of blockchain removes the risk of data
inaccuracy, boosts security and efficiency, and
enhances trust and accountability between
Webjet and its partners.
• The solution gives Webjet a competitive edge
and could set a new industry standard.
• Webjet has an exciting opportunity to grow
by facilitating transactions across the travel
industry and selling its solution into other
sectors.
“Microsoft’s ongoing investments in building the industry’s most trusted cloud platform around the principles of security,
privacy and control, compliance and transparency, along with its deep heritage in guiding businesses, including Webjet,
through periods of significant IT transformation made the decision to go on this journey with Microsoft a no-brainer.”
— John Guscic, Managing Director, Webjet

18. Bank Hapoalim Uses Blockchain to Streamline the Bank
Guarantee Process
Challenge
• Bank guarantees are a guarantee from a
lending institution like a bank that ensure
the liabilities of its customers are met.
• Required for large purchases like real
estate.
• Currently customers must visit a branch
multiple times to move through the
application process.
Strategy
• Bank Hapoalim and
Microsoft Services developed
a real-time blockchain
enabled platform to
collaborate on documents
with customers.
• The solution lets customers
and banks update
documents securely without
in person verification.
Results
• Real-time visibility into the location, condition
and safety of high-value assets moving around
the world
• Accurate, dynamic and fair underwriting and
pricing based on that visibility
• Streamlined regulatory reporting and
compliance
• Accurate and transparent data sharing among
all relevant stakeholders with audit trail
• Capital freed from poor credit system
“The use of Blockchain technology will significantly improve the customer experience and the level of trust in the
banking system.”
— Arik Pinto, Chief Executive Officer of Bank Hapoalim

20. How can I become a blockchain
developer?
 Refer a jump start guide here https://blockgeeks.com/guides/blockchain-
developer/
 Microsoft Blockchain jump start https://azure.microsoft.com/en-
us/solutions/blockchain/