The board of directors is responsible for ensuring the integrity of published financial statements. This includes working with management to set the parameters for accounting quality and internal controls, and retaining an external auditor to test financial statements for material misstatements.
This Quick Guide reviews the process by which the board carries out this function.
It provides answers to the questions:
• What does the audit committee do?
• How does it oversee financial reporting?
• How often do companies restate financials and why?
• What does the external audit do?
• Do auditors have agency problems?
For an expanded discussion, see Corporate Governance Matters: A Closer Look at Organizational Choices and Their Consequences (Second Edition) by David Larcker and Brian Tayan (2015): http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/books/corporate-governance-matters-closer-look-organizational-choices
Buy This Book: http://www.ftpress.com/store/corporate-governance-matters-a-closer-look-at-organizational-9780134031569
For permissions to use this material, please contact: E: corpgovernance@gsb.stanford.edu
Copyright 2015 by David F. Larcker and Brian Tayan. All rights reserved.
The board of directors is responsible for ensuring the integrity of published financial statements. This includes working with management to set the parameters for accounting quality and internal controls, and retaining an external auditor to test financial statements for material misstatements.
This Quick Guide reviews the process by which the board carries out this function.
It provides answers to the questions:
• What does the audit committee do?
• How does it oversee financial reporting?
• How often do companies restate financials and why?
• What does the external audit do?
• Do auditors have agency problems?
For an expanded discussion, see Corporate Governance Matters: A Closer Look at Organizational Choices and Their Consequences (Second Edition) by David Larcker and Brian Tayan (2015): http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/books/corporate-governance-matters-closer-look-organizational-choices
Buy This Book: http://www.ftpress.com/store/corporate-governance-matters-a-closer-look-at-organizational-9780134031569
For permissions to use this material, please contact: E: corpgovernance@gsb.stanford.edu
Copyright 2015 by David F. Larcker and Brian Tayan. All rights reserved.
UBL is the leading auditing firm in Dubai. We become experts in your business with practices across the UAE-helping you take control of finances across all aspects of your business. While we are qualified auditors, accountants and business consultants, our innovative, flexible and business approach is what makes us different.
Understanding the Crucial Role of Statutory Auditors in India.pdfgkkediaajeet
A Statutory Auditor in India is a legally mandated examination of a company’s financial records. It’s conducted by independent auditors to ascertain the accuracy and fairness of financial statements.
Auditing is the process of verifying the validity of a company's various financial statements. Many renowned experts have defined auditing from their own perspectives. Below are the thoughts of some of the authors who commented on their respective opinions.
Internal Vs. External Auditors Auditing is a very important part o.pdfanonamobilesp
Internal Vs. External Auditors
Auditing is a very important part of a company\'s on going success. Companies utilize both
internal and external auditors for different reasons all together. Both processes are very important
to a company\'s success. This being said, what are the differences between internal and external
auditors, and when should they be used? Internal auditors work within an organisation and report
to its audit committee and/or directors. They help to design the company’s organising systems
and help develop specific risk management policies. They also ensure that all policies
implemented for risk management are operating effectively. The work of the internal auditor
tends to be continuous and based on the internal control systems of a business of any size.
External auditors are independent of the organisation they are auditing. They report to the
company’s shareholders. They provide their experienced opinion on the truthfulness of the
company’s financial statements and perform work on a test basis to monitor systems in place.
There are three key differences in the activities of internal and external auditors. Each is
discussed in depth below:
Appointment
External auditors are appointed by the shareholders of a company, although this usually comes
through discussion with directors. External auditors must be appointed from a different company
independent of their own whilst internal auditors are usually employees of the organisation.
Keeping clients happy as an external auditor is often more difficult than internally as you already
know those around you in the second instance.
Objectives
The objectives for an external auditor are usually defined by statute whilst management will set
the objectives for internal audits. External auditors generally have free reign to examine and
assess every aspect of the system whilst management can pinpoint and highlight certain areas
they want internal auditors to focus on. There are various types of internal audit.
Responsibility
External auditors are responsible to the owners of the company which could be anybody from its
owners to the shareholders to the government or general public. Internal auditors are responsible
solely to the company’s senior management.
An internal audit is designed to look at the key risks facing the business and how the business is
managing those risks effectively. It usually results in recommendations for improvement across
departments. Both financial and non-financial elements are usually included and the company’s
reputation may be a factor which is assessed.
An external audit focuses on finance and the key risks associated with the business’ financial
business. They are usually performed on at least an annual basis to provide the annual statutory
audit of the financial accounts. This audit is designed to show whether the accounts are a true
and fair reflection of where the company sits financially. External auditors will evaluate all the
internal controls put in pl.
ELEMENTS OF AUDITING
AUDIT AND INVESTIGATION
Definition
AUDIT
- Is the formal examination, correction, and official endorsing of financial account, especially those of a business undertaken annually by an accountant
- Inspection and verification of the accuracy of financial records and statements. Also involves systematic check or assessment especially efficient or effectiveness of an organization
AUDITING
- Is the examination of certain statement covering the transaction over certain period and financial position of an organization
- Is the examination financial statement covering over a period and ascertaining the financial position of organization on a certain date
AUDITOR
Is the an independent person appointed by company or an enterprise to examine its books of account
QUALITIES OF AN AUDITOR
I. Accounting knowledge.
An auditor should necessary have an academic qualification in accounting. This enable him to make evaluation and passing judgment of the financial records
II. Business knowledge.
Internal audit means a continuous critical review of financial and operating matters of a business. In other words, we can say that the audit of a business conducted by the business for a continuous basis. Internal audit is done by the internal staff appointed particularly for the audit purposes. These are called internal auditors.
Discuss the role of an Auditor (both internal and external).Solu.pdfaksharatelicom
Discuss the role of an Auditor (both internal and external).
Solution
An auditor, simply put, is someone who audits, or vouches for the authenticity, correctness,
completeness, accuracy and disclosure requirements in the financial statements of an entity.
An internal auditor is someone who is either appointed in-house or through an external agency
for checking up the daily working transactions of an entity. He does his checking to the nitty-
gritty details, going from scratch to conclusion. An internal auditor is more concerned with
documentation lacunae, system and process checks, and documentation completeness. The flaws
or shortcomings noticed by him are brought to the notice of the management on a regular
interval, say monthly or quarterly.
An external auditor is appointed either through a thrid party agency, or on the recommendation
of the shareholders/directors, and does the statutory audit of a Company, which involves
checking the correctness and accuracy of its financial statements for a particular financial year,
and presenting the same before the Board of Directors as well as Shareholders. A major part of
the external auditor\'s work relies on sample vouching and checking, whereby by selecting a
particular sample of transactions in each area of operations, they can convince themselves of the
correctness and completeness of the transactions booked. Further, he also ensures that the
financial statements are in line with the reporting requirements as per the latest applicable
Corporate Laws.
The main point of distinction between an Internal Auditor and External Auditor lies in the fact
that although both of them point out lacunae or issues in the system or scale of operations, for an
internal auditor ,the responsiblity also involves ensuring that the lacunae are corrected
immediately, and the statutory audit is conducted smoothly. Whereas, the issues as pointed out
by an external auditor are put before the Board of Directors for discussion, and only after getting
approved, are they implemented in either the current period financial statements (if they have a
material impact on the financials), or in the forthcoming years\' financial accounts..
Auditors independence
Independence of the internal auditor
Independence of the external auditor
Types of independence
Real independence and perceived independence
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUDITING WITH OTHER SUBJECTS
Internal Audit is a tool of control to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of the working of an organization primarily with accounting, financial and operational matters.
Internal Audit plays a constructive role by rendering service to the management with objective appraisal of systems, procedures, practices, compliance with policies.
LetzConsult presents a smarter ways for companies to find the most relevant Consultant for their business needs. Find the right consultants for your Company on LetzConsult.com
Employee training is a critical aspect of an organisation, providing opportunities to increase knowledge base and organisational productivity. Leigh Barker Tangible Assets believes that training expands the knowledge base of employees and is a worthwhile investment to grow a business and to boost competitiveness.
Working in a negative environment will certainly stress employees, whereas creating a positive working environment provides significant results in terms of profit, productivity and employee behaviour.
Check out the PPT for tips to create positivity around your workplace.
Advertisement as an industry is growing because of increasing competition between various brands who are to cater the same population. Many institutions are teaching advertisement as a branch of study. In the end, it all boils down to who can make the most of the available resources and acquire a larger share of the consumer market.
A living away from home allowance is income tax free and is not declared as assessable income in a tax return. Conversely there is no tax deduction available for expenses that have been covered by a living away from home allowance.
A travel allowance is paid to an employee who is travelling on business and is not thought of as living away from home. Generally, an employee travelling for business is not accompanied by their spouse or children.
An SMSF is a private superannuation fund regulated by the Australian Tax Office (ATO) who checks the compliance of the SMSF on an annual basis. An SMSF comprises no more than 4 members all of whom are trustees of the SMSF, all of whom are personally liable for all decisions made by the SMSF.
An electronic signature is simply a signature used on an electronic document or transmission comprising either a symbol or other data in a digital format attached to an electronically transmitted document.
When starting out in business one of the most important decisions to be made is identifying what type of business structure is most relevant to your needs.
Equity is basically the difference between the value of all assets owned and the cost of any associated liabilities. For more details, you can also visit here: https://leighbarkerblog.wordpress.com/
A profit and loss statement is a financial statement that reports on revenue, operating costs and expenses incurred by an entity within a nominated period of time.
More from Leigh Barker MWC Group | Portfolio Finance (11)
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
2. An auditor.. An auditor is an independent person or
company appointed to check and verify the
accuracy of financial records.
An auditor may be an external auditor who
examines the financial records and business
transactions of an entity in which there is no
affiliation or an internal auditor responsible for
providing independent and objective
evaluations of an entities financial and
operational activities.
3. External
auditors are
External auditors are engaged to express an
opinion that the financial statements of an
entity are free from material misstatements.
An external auditor will communicate to
management and staff to obtain a detailed
understanding of an entity, of the operations of
the entity, financial reporting and internal
control procedures.
4. External
auditors..
External auditors conduct the audit in
accordance with specified audit guidelines and
the users of an entities financial statements rely
upon the external auditor to present an
unbiased and independent audit report.
5. Internal auditors while employed by the
organisation they audit bring a systematic and
disciplined approach in evaluating financial and
business activities inclusive of the effectiveness
of risk management, control and corporate
governance.
Internal auditors report to management on how
to improve the overall structure and business
practices of an entity.
6. Internal
auditors..
Internal auditors are not responsible for
implementing the activities of an entity.The
role of an internal auditor is to advise the Board
of Directors how to better implement their
responsibilities.
An internal audit report will summarise the
findings, recommendations and generally
contains an action plan for management to
implement.
7. Leigh Barker Please note: Prepared by Leigh BarkerTangible
Assets Financial Services, Accountant at MWC
Group, Portfolio Finance, Gordon andWest
Pennant Hills. Note that all content of this blog
is general in nature and anyone intending to
apply the information to practical circumstances
should seek professional advice to
independently verify their interpretation and
the information’s applicability to their particular
circumstance.