What are the possible damages of phishing and spoofing mail attacks part 2#9 | Eyal Doron | o365info.com

of 20 | What are the possible damages of Phishing and spoofing mail attacks? | Part
2#9
Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright © 2012-2016
What are the possible damages of Phishing and
spoofing mail attacks? | Part 2#9
We are living in a dangerous world that produces many types of threats and risks to our
organizational mail infrastructure, to our users and to us.
In the current article, I would like to review some of the possible damages that we can
experience in a scenario, in which Spoof or Phishing mail attacks are realized.
The Great Market Of Mail Threats, Possible Damages And Phishing Mail
Attack

2#9
Regarding the threats and risks to our mail infrastructure, there are a variety of threats which we
should be aware of and prepare accordingly.
So why did I prefer to talk about the specific threat describe as “Phishing mail attack”, and his
relative – the Spoof mail attacks?
The reason is that Phishing mail attacks are very interesting from the risk management and
security perspective and very challenging from the “possible solutions” perspective.
Phishing mail attacks are the representative of a modern threat that belongs to the famous
family of advanced threats
The main character of Phishing mail attacks is, that this type of attack considered as a very
sophisticated attack that can cause a very serious damage.
To be able to protect our users and our organization from the threat of Phishing mail attack, we
will need to complete a couple of phases:
 Be familiar with the specific characters and the behavior (the DNA) of the Phishing mail
attack and Spoof mail attacks. For example, how does Phishing mail attack uses different
tools and methods such as Spoof mail attack for getting the required results.
 Be familiar with the possible damages in the case that the Phishing mail attack threat is
realized.
 Be familiar with all the common obstacles that prevent us from successfully dealing with
the threat of Spoof E-mail attacks and Phishing mail attacks.
 Be familiar with the complexity of “solutions cocktail” that we need to use for dealing with
Phishing mail attacks and Spoof mail attacks.
 Be familiar with the specific characters and the concept of each of the possible solutions,
the strengths and the weaknesses of each of the solutions, etc.

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Bottom line
To acknowledge that the subject of Phishing mail attack is a very serious threat that needs our
full attention.

2#9
The Existing Threats And Risks To Your Mail Infrastructure.
The modern mail environment includes a variety of “risks” and “threats” that we need to deal
with.
A very general classification of these “mail threats” could be:
Mail attacks | Threats and risks that are executed by hostile elements.
This type of these “threats” is executed by a hostile element, that tries to exploit existing
vulnerabilities of our mail infrastructure, or the vulnerabilities our users.
The results of such attacks could be a minor damage – such as the damage of spam mail in
which the damage is harassment of our users, by sending a mail that includes inappropriate
content, such as advertising persuasion to purchase products, which will increase certain body
organs.
The other side of the story could be mail attack such as a Phishing mail attack that can cause
serious damage such as: stealing intellectual property, stealing money, stealing passwords,
infects our infrastructure with malware and so on.
As an example, we can mention the following mail attacks:
1. Spoof E-mail attacks – a scenario in which hostile element uses a false identity, usually an
identity of a “trusted sender” in which the victim can trust.
2. Phishing mail attacks –attack that can be described as – advanced or sophisticated
attack, which combines a variety of methods such as – Spoof mail, social engineering,
Phishing website, malware and so on for attacking the victim.
3. Spam mail attacks – spam mail that can flood the organization mail infrastructure
harasses and annoying mail users.
4. Malware – a hostile code that could cause a minor damage, but at the same time, can
cause a huge damage.
Another type of threats and risks
1. Data leak – a scenario in which sensitive data is leaking by using the organization mail
infrastructure as a “bridge”.
2. Data privacy, data confidentiality and data integrity – a scenario in which hostile element
access data that is transferred via the communication line etc.
3. Availability of mail infrastructure – a scenario in which the mandatory need of 7 X 24
availability of the organization mail infrastructure may be affected by various factors such
as – failure of the mail server’s hardware, failure of communication lines and so on.

2#9
Although each of this “mail threats” that are mentioned above is – an Important and respected
threat, in the current article series, I would like to focus on the subject of “Mail attacks” and
especially on the subject of Spoof mail attack and Phishing mail attacks.
Additional reading
 Addressing Your CxO’s Top Five Cloud Security Concerns
 Phishing Detecton and Remediation
 Email Security Threats
 Guarding Beyond the Gateway: Challenges of Email Security

2#9
The Possible Damages Of Phishing Mail Attack
One of the most “interesting” characters of Phishing mail attack is, that there is a wide range of
“damages” that could be realized by the Phishing mail attack.
The type of the “damage” depends upon the creativity and imagination of the attacker.
Just in case, I would like to review the most common results from the Phishing mail attack:
1. Fraud
Under the section of “fraud,” there are a variety of possible types of frauds, for example – Finical
fraud, in which the victim is seduced to deposit money in the attacker bank account.
2. Theft Access to user or organization private information
A scenario in which hostile element gets access to a private information about the victim such as
user password, bank account number and so on.
Another option is – A scenario in which hostile element gets access to the organization private
data by using the victim as a “bridge” to enter that protected organization perimeter.
3. Variable type of “damages” to the organization infrastructure
I use this vague definition because, the severity of the possible damage that can be caused by
the attacker, depend upon the type of the Phishing mail attack that is executed.
For example, the Phishing mail attack can tempt the victim to download and activate a specific
file that is actually a malware such as – Trojan horse.
The damages that can be caused by a Trojan horse can be a minor damage such as in a scenario
in which the Trojan horse serves as an adware (collect information about the user habit, etc.) Or
can be translated into a very serious damage in which the Trojan horse serves as a back door for
the attacker, that take control on the victim’s desktop, and uses the victim’s desktop as a
“bridge” to the rest of the organization infrastructure.

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The wicked structure of the Phishing mail attack
As mentioned, the Phishing mail attack considered as a sophisticated attack which combined
many malicious methods for implementing a successful attack.
For example, in a common Phishing mail attack, the attacker will use a spoofed sender identity,
which looks like trusted sender identity that the victim can trust.
The E-mail message content will include some “narrative” which is based on social engineering
methods, that will address a specific human vulnerability or a specific human character that will
seduce and lead the victim “to do something” such as – download and open a specific file, click
on a specific link that will lead the victim to a Phishing website and so on.
The result of the “user action” (the victim) could be data theft, money fraud, infect the user
desktop with a malware etc.

2#9
What is my point?
My point is that if we manage to “catch the head of the snake”, we can avoid from the of a
snake bite!
If we use a less metaphorically description – in case that we manage to identify and block the
Spoof mail attack and Phishing mail attacks, we can prevent the painful results from the attack.

2#9
For example, along the current article series, we will review in details the subject of – “Spoof mail
attack”.
We will review the characters of Spoof mail attack, and the way that we can use for dealing with
a Spoof mail attack (by implementing sender verification mechanisms).
The Spoof mail attack doesn’t have a “life of its own”.
The meaning is that from the attacker’s point of view, the ability to spoof the sender’s identity,
have a “value” only as “bridge” which will pave the way for the “reset” of the Phishing mail
attacks.
In case that we will be able to identify and block most of the Spoof mail attack, the derivative is
that we also be able to block most of the Phishing mail attack!

of 20 | What are the possible damages of Phishing and spoofing mail attacks? |
Part 2#9
An important observation is that not all the Phishing mail attack uses Spoof mail attack and in
addition, there is not granted that we will be able to identify 100% of Spoof mail attack.
Why Do I Want To Focus On Spoof Mail And Phishing Mail Attacks?
The answer to the question is that in the current time, there is a deadly cocktail that is served at
the local pub which includes the following Ingredients:
1. The significant damage that is caused by Phishing attacks (and Spoof mail attack that is
part of the Phishing mail attack).
2. The incredible ease of performing Spoof mail and Phishing mail attacks.
3. The incredible lack of knowledge and understanding about the mechanism, and the
characters of Spoof mail and Phishing mail attacks.

Part 2#9
My main goal is – to be your wake-up call!
The lack of awareness of the risks that involved in Spoof mail and Phishing
mail attacks.
Although it seems like that everyone knows the meaning of – Spoof mail and Phishing mail
attacks, the simple truth is that most of the time, most of us, not really understand the huge
impact of this type of attacks, how this attack is implemented, what are the main characters this
attack and so on.
From my personal acquaintance with customers and organizations, there are a number of core
beliefs, that prevent us from dealing with the risks of risks of Spoof mail and Phishing mail:
 It will not happen to me!
 Don’t rock the boat!
 We will deal with the problem when we get to it!

Part 2#9
The type the above approach, causes us to close our eyes to this Immediate and tangible threat,
and hope that – if and when this risk will be realized, we will know how to deal with this “issue”
or most of the time, find a way to “outsource the responsibility” to another factor that we can
blame.
The less good news is that in the case of Spoof mail attack and Phishing mail attacks, we can
rely on the famous Murphy’s law – “If anything can go wrong, it will!”
Alternatively, if you want to put it differently – it’s not a matter of “if”, it’s a matter of “when.”
To emphasize my point, let’s do a little test that will enable us to be impressed from the
“level of interest” regarding two important subjects: Identifying phishing mail, and Kim
Kardashian.
For the purpose of this test, let’s use the YouTube site as an indicator of the “level of interest.”
In the following screenshot, we can see the search results for the term “Identifying phishing
mail.” We can clearly see that this issue is not a very popular subject.
The sum of the results that deal with this subject of Phishing mail is 700~.
The first result is a video that created a year ago, and the average number of “views” for the
video results that appear on the first page is measured in hundreds.

Part 2#9
In the next screenshot, we can see the search results for the term – “Kim Kardashian.” We can
clearly see that this issue is a very popular subject.
The sum of the results that deal with this subject is 1, 630, 000~.
The average number of “views” for the video results that appear on the first page is measured in
thousands, and some video was watched 4,500,000 ~.

Part 2#9
A Little About Spam Mail Before We Continue With The Subject Of Spoof E-
Mail Attacks And Phishing Mail Attacks.
When reading a technical article about the subject of mail security and mail threats, the Phishing
mail attack is frequently described as – a “subcategory” of spam mail.
I am strongly opposed to the above definition because this classification minimizes and reduces
our awareness of the big risk of Phishing mail attack versus spam mail.
If we want to condense the main goal of all the types of mail attacks, the simple answer is – “to
earn money”.

Part 2#9
The main difference between spam mail attack and Phishing mail attack is – the “way” that the
element uses for getting the amount of money.
The similar characters of spam mail and Phishing mail
The common denominator of spam mail and Phishing mail is that way that the E-mail message
is “distributed” among many destination recipients.
The main target of “element” that sends spam mail and the element that sends Phishing mail is
– to reach the largest possible number of target recipients, by using the option of bulk mail or
mass mail.
The method for getting the E-mail address of the “victims,” could be similar such as using the
option of Harvested E-mail address.

Part 2#9
Note – this observation is not complete accurately because, when using a specific Phishing mail
attack that described as – spear phishing, the attacker doesn’t use the option of bulk mail, but
instead, aim his attack to a very specific organization recipient such as the company CEO and so
on.
The difference between spam mail and Phishing mail
The main difference between spam mail attack versus Phishing mail attack is the level of
damage or the level of “wickedness.”
Most of the times, the “standard spam mail” can be considered as an E-mail that includes some
kind of a message, that tries to convince you to buy “something.”
Apart from the harassment that is caused by accepting “unwanted E-mail message” that
compels the user to waste the time required for read or delete the spam mail, there is no other
critical damage.
Note – there are “other damages” that are caused by spam mail such as flooding of an
organization, communication lines and the waste of storage space on the mail server but, from
the “user perspective,” the spam mail is considered as a non-useful mail, and that’s all.
Regarding the subject on – possible damage that is caused by a Phishing mail attack, in this
case, the story is totally different!
The Phishing mail attacks “damage” could be translated into a specific user damage such as –
breaking into a specific person’s bank account and stealing his money or can be realized as an
attack, that infects the organization infrastructure with malware that can take control over the
organization infrastructure, encrypts hard disks and asking for a ransom and so on.

Part 2#9
Regarding the “damage level” which can be caused by a Phishing mail attack, the sky is the limit!
Spam Mail, A Very Brief Review
Although this article series is dedicated to the subject of Spoof E-mail attacks and Phishing mail
attacks, I would like to “pay my debt” to the subject of spam mail, by providing a very brief
review on this subject.
Know your enemy | What is the motivation of the spammers?
The main motivation of the elements which perform spam mail attack is – money.
A very useful way to make money and even a lot of money is – by selling something to
someone.
One of the easiest and the profitable way of addressing a huge amount of “potential buyers” is –
by using the Internet infrastructure.
The “thing” that the spammer wants to sell, could be a product, a service or even an “idea.”
 The spammer may wish to promote a specific product service which he provides.
 The spammer may wish to promote a specific product service someone else’s product
(affiliate programs).
 Other – I add the “other,” as a space holder for any other thing that the spammer has an
interest to promote.

Part 2#9
Spam mail | The risk level and the consequence
In general, we can define the “risk level” of spam mail as low or medium.
Although no one would like to get a spam mail, the damage of spam mail is not considered as a
real threat to crucial assets of the organization.
The possible damage from the spam mail attack could be:
 Annoying our users
 A waste of time that is required for reading the spam mail sends the spam mail to the
junk folder, inform the IT staff about the spam mail.
 Lead our users to problematic websites
Another type of damages that are caused by spam mail are the damage of the organizational
infrastructure such as communication line and storage:
 Spoof E-mails that causes communication lines are overloaded.
 Mail server storage that is wasted on storing the spam mail.

Part 2#9
The way that spammers get our E-mail address
The last thing that I would like to relate to the subject of “spam mail” is the method which the
spammers use for getting the information about the E-mail address of their “victims” (our users).
In a spam mail scenario, the most common complaint of the users is – that they never registered
a specific mail list or didn’t provide their E-mail address to the element that sends the spam
mail.
The simple answer is that most of the time, they are right!
The spammer gets the required information about the “E-mail address” of their victims by
purchase E-mail lists of mediators who have a database of harvested email address.
These “mediators” know how to harvest this E-mail address from many types of resources such
as – chat rooms, newsgroups, websites, social networking, blogs, Internet directories and so on.
Additional methods that spammer use described as – running a dictionary attack.
The dictionary attacks are implemented by software engineers who know how to generate
billions of combinations, which create “optional E-mail address” that are used by the spammer.

Part 2#9
Note – the same methods for getting the E-mail address of the potential victims is used by the
hostile elm nets that perform Phishing mail attacks.
The next article in the current article series is
What is so special about Spoof mail attack? |Part 3#9

What are the possible damages of phishing and spoofing mail attacks part 2#9 | Eyal Doron | o365info.com

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