WGII: Impacts, Risks, and Future Opportunities
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1) Climate change is causing observed impacts such as increased heat waves that negatively impact human health, productivity, and can cause death. 2) Risks from climate change are unevenly distributed and tend to disproportionately affect disadvantaged groups and communities. Those with limited ability to adapt or diversify their livelihoods face greater risks. 3) Without significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions along with adaptation efforts, climate change could lead to severe, widespread, and irreversible impacts on both human and natural systems by amplifying existing risks and creating new risks.
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Climate change mitigation and adaptation options have the potential for synergies and trade-offs with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Mitigation and adaptation measures could support certain SDGs related to health, food security, cities and communities, while also potentially conflicting with economic and social development goals depending on how they are designed and implemented. Policymakers should consider these interactions to maximize co-benefits and minimize negative impacts across mitigation, adaptation and development efforts.
Food, agriculture, land, and water: Insights from AR6 and knowledge gaps for AR7
Climate change is impacting the global water cycle and leading to effects across many economic sectors and societies. Most documented adaptations relate to water, and water is central to adaptation, though effectiveness decreases with increased warming. Many mitigation measures have significant water footprints that must be managed to reduce impacts on water and food security. Knowledge gaps remain around transition pathways for the agricultural sector that balance mitigation, adaptation, and sustainable development.
Agriculture and Food
Climate change is already impacting global food systems and future impacts are expected to be systemic, especially from increased heat. Climate change will raise risks of food insecurity, but climate adaptation of food systems can reduce these risks while also lowering greenhouse gas emissions. While climate adaptation in agriculture and food systems has received more attention, current adaptation efforts remain fragmented, small-scale, and focused more on planning than implementation.
Climate change, food, agriculture , land and A guide to findings in the IPCC’...
This document provides an overview of key findings from the IPCC's 6th assessment cycle regarding climate change impacts on food and water systems, risks of food systems and deforestation to climate change, climate change mitigation potentials, and synergies with sustainable development goals. It lists relevant figures from the IPCC reports and provides contact information for the IPCC Secretariat and Press Office.
Assessing the land sector potential in IPCC AR6 WGIII
The document discusses estimates of the land sector's potential to mitigate climate change from 2020-2050. It finds that the cost-effective potential (less than $100/ton of CO2) is estimated to be 8-14 gigatons of CO2 equivalent per year on average, which represents 24-42% of the sector's technical mitigation potential. Bottom-up sectoral models provide higher-resolution estimates at country and sub-national levels but have difficulty accounting for interactions between sectors, while integrated assessment models link all economic sectors but have coarser resolution and consider fewer land-based mitigation activities.
Overview of the IPCC Inventory Software for National Greenhouse Gas Inventori...
The document provides an overview of the latest version (2.89) of the IPCC Inventory Software for estimating national greenhouse gas inventories. Key points:
- Version 2.89 implements Tier 1-3 methods from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and elements of the 2019 Refinement to facilitate reporting to the UNFCCC.
- It allows estimation of emissions at subnational levels and includes functions for uncertainty analysis and interfacing with the UNFCCC reporting tool.
- The software guides users through the estimation process category-by-category and generates a JSON file that can be imported into the UNFCCC reporting tool.
IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB)
The IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB) is an open library launched in 2002 that contains emission factors and other parameters used to estimate national greenhouse gas emissions. It is regularly updated with new peer-reviewed data and its usage and downloaded data have increased over time. In 2023, a new upgraded version was released with enhanced search functions and data statistics. An annual meeting is held for editorial board members and data providers to discuss proposals for new data to include and ways to improve the database. Over 2,400 new data points were recently accepted for inclusion after robustness, applicability, and documentation criteria were met.
IPCC TFI work on Methodology Report on Short-lived Climate Forcers (SLCFs)
The IPCC decided to develop a new Methodology Report on Short-Lived Climate Forcers during the AR7 cycle. Expert meetings were held to analyze existing methodologies, identify knowledge gaps, and develop category and species lists. A scoping meeting will take place in 2024 to determine the report outline, authors, and workplan. The report will be developed over several years and author meetings, with reviews by experts, governments, and the IPCC before final publication in 2027.
Adaptation-Mitigation Synergies and Trade-offs
Dr. Debora Ley presented at COP28 in Dubai on the Sixth Assessment Report from Working Group II on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. The presentation discussed adaptation and mitigation synergies and trade-offs, the feasibility of adaptation measures, and thanked the audience for their attention.
Adaptation-Mitigation Synergies and Tradeoffs
This document discusses the synergies and tradeoffs between climate change adaptation and mitigation. It states that mitigation is critical to ensuring a wide range of effective adaptation options by limiting global warming increase. With increased warming, both human and natural systems will face greater losses and damages and exceed their limits of adaptation. The document also notes that response measures to climate change, like deployment of bioenergy crops, can impact food systems, ecosystems and water scarcity if used over large amounts of land. Dedicated bioenergy crops consistent with mitigation scenarios could require an area half the size of current global cropland.
Lessons learned and impacts of enhancing participation of young scientists in...
Sonia Seneviratne gave a presentation on involving youth and improving participation of young scientists in the IPCC process from a European perspective. She discussed how the climate crisis will impact future young generations the most. While young scientists made up 63% of first-time authors for the IPCC's AR6 report, most recurring authors were from Europe and North America. Barriers to participation for European youth included the extensive travel required for in-person meetings. Seneviratne concluded it is essential to better involve young people by having them serve as authors, observers, and stakeholders, and by reducing demands for travel through more virtual meetings while continuing support for less developed countries.
Opportunities for Early Career Scientists to Contribute to IPCC work & the IP...
This document outlines opportunities for early career scientists to contribute to and get involved with the IPCC assessment process, including the approved outline, nomination and selection of authors, expert reviews, and the IPCC Scholarship Programme. It notes key milestones in the AR7 assessment process such as scoping approval, internal/government reviews, and report approval. The IPCC Scholarship Programme provides opportunities for young scientists from developing countries to further their climate change studies and has awarded over 90 scholarships to date funded by various partners.
IPCC Inventory Software: Waste Sector
The IPCC Inventory Software for the Waste Sector allows for subnational disaggregation of waste data and implements methods for estimating greenhouse gas emissions from waste. It features a Waste Type Manager to centrally manage parameters for different waste categories. Users can select waste types and disposal sites to estimate methane emissions. The software also enables estimation of nitrous oxide from industrial wastewater and interoperates with UNFCCC reporting tools. A guidebook for the waste sector is under development.
Interoperability between the IPCC Inventory Software and IPCC Inventory Softw...
The document summarizes guidebooks being produced by the IPCC to support use of its inventory software. It describes guidebooks for the energy and AFOLU sectors that provide step-by-step guidance on using the software to estimate emissions for each category. It also describes a guide on land representation that explains how to characterize land types and units in the software's land managers. User feedback is sought to improve the guidebooks and address any issues.
Interoperability between the IPCC Inventory Software and the UNFCCC ETF Repor...
This document discusses interoperability between the IPCC Inventory Software and the UNFCCC ETF Reporting Tool to help countries meet their reporting obligations under the Paris Agreement. It outlines a 6-step process for countries to use the IPCC Software to estimate emissions, generate a JSON file, import this file into the ETF Tool to visualize and quality check their inventory data, and finally submit it to the UNFCCC. The goal is to promote consistency, reduce errors and burden, and provide organizational support to countries. Future releases of the IPCC Software will add additional sectors to be interoperable with the ETF Tool by June 2024.
Overview of the IPCC Inventory Software for National Greenhouse Gas Inventori...
The document provides an overview of the latest version (2.89) of the IPCC Inventory Software for estimating national greenhouse gas inventories. Version 2.89 implements Tier 1-3 methods from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and elements of the 2019 Refinement. It also facilitates interoperability with the UNFCCC reporting tool. The software allows subnational reporting, uses of mixed Tiers, and stores inventory data in a single database. Ongoing work includes developing a land representation tool and guidebook. The IPCC TSU provides support to users through documentation, help desk, and annual meetings.
Carbon Dioxide Removal to reach net-zero and return from overshoot
1) The document discusses key findings around carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).
2) AR6 defines CDR as activities that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it durably, including both natural and enhanced biological and geochemical sinks as well as direct air capture with storage.
3) AR6 assessed CDR methods and their effects, finding that feedbacks will determine CDR effectiveness in drawing down atmospheric CO2. Pathways in AR6 all involve some amount of CDR to balance residual emissions, but specific volumes depend on contextual factors.
The road ahead for the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Cities in AR7
The document discusses the upcoming IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Cities in AR7. It notes that the report is supported by several organizations and will involve contributions from all three IPCC working groups. It also discusses how the report will build upon cross-working group integration that began in AR6, examining topics like urban climate impacts, policy options, and the climate impacts of mitigation actions. The document asks what people are looking for in the upcoming Special Report and why.
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Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Presented by James Reed at "9th Landscape Sustainability Science Forum" on 11 May 2024
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
原版制作(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Biomimicry in agriculture: Nature-Inspired Solutions for a Greener Future
Presentation made for the Webinar Series on Biomimicry for sustainability on 1st June 2024 organized by Green Building Council Sri Lanka
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
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学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
快速办理(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
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WGII: Impacts, Risks, and Future Opportunities
- 1. WGII: Impacts, Risks, and Future Opportunities Petra Tschakert Ch13, WGII, AR5
- 2. Observed Impacts Figure SYR SPM.4
- 3. Highlighting Risk in the AR5 The potential occurrence of a physical event or trend that may cause loss of life, injury, and damage. The propensity or predisposition to be adversely affected. The presence of people and livelihoods in places that could be adversely affected. Limited ability build adaptive capacity Persistence of vulnerable conditions High susceptibility to cumulative stressors Irreversibility of consequences Figure SPM.1
- 4. Examples of Impacts and Risks for People Example: Heat waves: declining work productivity, dehydration, heat stroke, and death Example: Additional duties for woman as laborers and caregivers, reduced food intake, more distress, adverse mental health, and in some cases increasing incidences of domestic violence.
- 5. Multidimensional Inequalities Inequalities Fig 13.5 and Box TS 4 Fig 1
- 7. Livelihoods are Dynamic Climate change = a threat multiplier Ch13.
- 8. Key Message Continued emission of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and long-lasting changes in all components of the climate system, increasing the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems. Limiting climate change would require substantial and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions which, together with adaptation, can limit climate change risks.
- 9. Risks for Food Security Figure SPM.7
- 11. Reasons for Concern Box TS.5 Fig1
- 12. Indigenous and other unique communities/social systems: Loss of land, cultural and natural heritage disrupting cultural practices embedded in livelihoods Reasons for Concern WGII, Fig 12.1
- 15. Future Risks and Impacts Climate change will amplify existing risks and create new risks for natural and human systems. Risks are unevenly distributed and are generally greater for disadvantaged people and communities in countries at all levels of development.
- 16. Approaches for Managing Risks Overlapping – not discrete! Table TS.7
- 17. Table TS.7
Editor's Notes
- This heightened vy rarely due to a single cause. Rather, it is the product of intersecting social processes that result in inequalities in socioeconomic status and income, as well as in exposure. Such social processes include discrimination on the basis of gender etc.