This document discusses the need to promote youth entrepreneurship through developing enterprising skills and attitudes in young people. It notes that traditional career paths focused only on salaried jobs, but working life has become more "hybrid", with combinations of salaried work, self-employment, and entrepreneurship. To support youth entrepreneurship, it argues for an integrated approach to training that develops enterprising skills everywhere, stronger connections to entrepreneurs and peers, and better learning spaces for developing ideas. It also calls for local partnerships and engaging young people in transforming support systems to better facilitate transitions into hybrid careers.

1. Youth Entrepreneurship
Towards enterprising skills and attitudes
in any career
Robert Arnkil and Eddy Adams
OECD LEED Forum, Stockholm
Thu 24th April 2014

2. The traditional way
• Waiting for the
job to land on
you
The new ecology
• Creating the
job, enterprising, ’carv
ing it out’, forming
networks, connecting
to workplaces
We need a new understanding how employment is created

3. Young people need enterprising skills and
attitudes
– whether they are aiming for a salaried career, self-employment
or setting up an enterprise
These skills are built everywhere
– homes, hobbies, ’activities’, education, with peers, further training,
work practice and in work

4. Working life has changed
Working life and careers are full of transitions and have
become more and more ’hybrid’
Hybrid = Combined, multi-purpose, multi-task…
Hybrid work: Work requires combinations of skills:
technical, human relations, self-
management, digital, enterprising…
Hybrid careers: : altering between salaried and
entrepreneurial phases, self-employment, co-ops…
These kinds of skills can develop everywhere

5. Basic stages of
education
Entrepreneurial
training
Aiming for long
salaried careers
Enterprise and
self-employment
Salaried work
and professions
Traditional training and careers
Work
practice
Work
practice

6. Basic stages
of
education
’Hybrid’ training
for hybrid
careers
’Hybrid’ training and careers
Work
practice
Work
practice
Co-op
Salaried
Both
Both
Entrepreneurial
Self-employment
Business participation
Brokerage
Peer learning
Learning spaces

7. What are the key barriers to youth entrepreneurship?
some examples...
1. Concept: Narrow and traditional understanding
2. Tradition: Working life is mostly understood as salaried
work, where careers and work are in fact becoming more and
more ‘hybrid’
3. Curricuulms: Training and support for employment is
divided, split into different ‘routes’, instead of an integrated
approach
4. Security: Gaps, pitfalls and bureaucracies in social security
5. Incubation: Inadequate ‘spaces’ to develop ideas and try
one’s wings
6. Brokerage: Weak connections to entrepreneurs, role models
and peers as brokers

8. How to smartly scale-up support for youth
entrepreneurship?
1. Integrated concept of enterprising and entrepreneurship
• Good ‘learning spaces’ for developing enterprising skills and attitudes
• Local partnerships are in a key role to develop an overall approach in providing
spaces, brokerage and good transitions
• Young people need to be a real cocreation force in transforming
education, counselling and business support – and learn to be active in this
participation
• The business community needs to articulate their needs, provide spaces and
brokerage, and participate in cocreation
• We need skilful brokers of many ‘species’: cultural and street savvy
brokers, facilitators, specialists, people with experience of different ‘worlds’ and
able to move sideways and vertically

9. Thanks for listening!
Robert Arnkil
Robert.arnkil@armas.fi
www.arnkildialogues