This document summarizes a research paper that analyzed data from the World Values Survey between 2005-2008 to examine the relationship between Islam and democracy. The paper reviewed literature on this topic and identified two main questions scholars seek to answer: 1) How democratic is a country? and 2) How Islamic is a country? It then used variables from the survey like religiosity, the percentage practicing Islam, views on politics/family, and GDP to quantify and compare levels of democracy and Islam across 59 countries. The analysis found no evidence that Islam is inherently anti-democratic or democratic - the relationship depends on the specific country context.
Political socialization, what is political socialization what are the important and function of political socialization. Sociology, Polity and society, Presentation of Political Socialization.
The Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) is a center-right political party in Pakistan. It was founded in 1993 after a split in the Pakistan Muslim League. The PML-N supports economic liberalization and development while also backing moderate religious views and military action against extremists. Under Nawaz Sharif's leadership, the PML-N swept elections in 2013 and initiated infrastructure projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and metro bus services. However, Nawaz Sharif was later disqualified from office and barred from politics in the Panama Papers case. The PML-N remains Pakistan's largest PML faction and second largest political party.
Imperialism refers to the policy of extending a nation's authority over foreign territories or people. It has historically been used to justify acquiring lands and asserting political and economic dominance. There are varying degrees of imperialism from direct colonial rule to weaker forms like neo-colonialism. Motives for imperialism include economic gains, prestige, security, and surplus population adjustment. While it provided some benefits like development, imperialism is ultimately seen as inherently exploitative, undemocratic, and a violation of human rights. Decolonization movements have succeeded in dismantling some traditional forms of imperialism and colonial rule.
Liberalism is a predominant ideology that emphasizes individual liberties and rights. It originated in the Enlightenment and was influenced by philosophers like John Locke. Liberalism seeks to limit government power and establish democratic and capitalist systems with protections for civil liberties. It has taken various forms like classical liberalism, social liberalism, and neoliberalism. The spread of liberalism in the 19th century impacted the Muslim world through reforms in the Ottoman Empire like the Tanzimat, which aimed to modernize the state but also contributed to a crisis of identity in Islam and rise of Islamic revivalism.
This document discusses governance and good governance. It defines governance as managing a country's resources to improve citizen quality of life. Good governance requires accountability, transparency, efficiency and citizen participation. It also outlines six core principles of good governance: accountability, transparency, efficiency/effectiveness, participation, fairness, and decency. The document then assess Pakistan's governance challenges and provides suggestions to strengthen governance through institutional reforms, combating corruption, and ensuring political and economic stability.
Political parties and its function and charactristics.Rabia Ameer Ali
Political parties are indispensable for modern democratic governments. They are groups of like-minded people who work together to influence public opinion and contest elections to gain control over the government. Major political parties in Pakistan include the Pakistan People's Party, Pakistan Muslim League, and Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. These parties aim to form public opinion, policies, and government through constitutional means and by representing the interests of all Pakistanis regardless of religion or ethnicity. However, political parties in Pakistan have remained underdeveloped due to factors such as an authoritarian political culture and imbalance of power between the state and political institutions.
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzed data from the World Values Survey between 2005-2008 to examine the relationship between Islam and democracy. The paper reviewed literature on this topic and identified two main questions scholars seek to answer: 1) How democratic is a country? and 2) How Islamic is a country? It then used variables from the survey like religiosity, the percentage practicing Islam, views on politics/family, and GDP to quantify and compare levels of democracy and Islam across 59 countries. The analysis found no evidence that Islam is inherently anti-democratic or democratic - the relationship depends on the specific country context.
Political socialization, what is political socialization what are the important and function of political socialization. Sociology, Polity and society, Presentation of Political Socialization.
The Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) is a center-right political party in Pakistan. It was founded in 1993 after a split in the Pakistan Muslim League. The PML-N supports economic liberalization and development while also backing moderate religious views and military action against extremists. Under Nawaz Sharif's leadership, the PML-N swept elections in 2013 and initiated infrastructure projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and metro bus services. However, Nawaz Sharif was later disqualified from office and barred from politics in the Panama Papers case. The PML-N remains Pakistan's largest PML faction and second largest political party.
Imperialism refers to the policy of extending a nation's authority over foreign territories or people. It has historically been used to justify acquiring lands and asserting political and economic dominance. There are varying degrees of imperialism from direct colonial rule to weaker forms like neo-colonialism. Motives for imperialism include economic gains, prestige, security, and surplus population adjustment. While it provided some benefits like development, imperialism is ultimately seen as inherently exploitative, undemocratic, and a violation of human rights. Decolonization movements have succeeded in dismantling some traditional forms of imperialism and colonial rule.
Liberalism is a predominant ideology that emphasizes individual liberties and rights. It originated in the Enlightenment and was influenced by philosophers like John Locke. Liberalism seeks to limit government power and establish democratic and capitalist systems with protections for civil liberties. It has taken various forms like classical liberalism, social liberalism, and neoliberalism. The spread of liberalism in the 19th century impacted the Muslim world through reforms in the Ottoman Empire like the Tanzimat, which aimed to modernize the state but also contributed to a crisis of identity in Islam and rise of Islamic revivalism.
This document discusses governance and good governance. It defines governance as managing a country's resources to improve citizen quality of life. Good governance requires accountability, transparency, efficiency and citizen participation. It also outlines six core principles of good governance: accountability, transparency, efficiency/effectiveness, participation, fairness, and decency. The document then assess Pakistan's governance challenges and provides suggestions to strengthen governance through institutional reforms, combating corruption, and ensuring political and economic stability.
Political parties and its function and charactristics.Rabia Ameer Ali
Political parties are indispensable for modern democratic governments. They are groups of like-minded people who work together to influence public opinion and contest elections to gain control over the government. Major political parties in Pakistan include the Pakistan People's Party, Pakistan Muslim League, and Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. These parties aim to form public opinion, policies, and government through constitutional means and by representing the interests of all Pakistanis regardless of religion or ethnicity. However, political parties in Pakistan have remained underdeveloped due to factors such as an authoritarian political culture and imbalance of power between the state and political institutions.
Liberty is defined as freedom from restraint or control. There are several types of liberty including natural liberty (freedom before organized political life), national liberty (independence of a state), civil liberty (freedom of individual action and thought), political liberty (participation in government), and economic liberty (right to earn a livelihood). Civil rights include physical rights, freedom of mind, practical activity, right to life, education, association, and other facilities. Economic rights encompass the right to work, adopt a profession, protection from exploitation, and unemployment insurance. The right to property is also considered a basic human right.
The expansion of capitalism colonialism and imperialismFJWU, PMAS-AAUR
This document discusses the expansion of capitalism through colonialism and imperialism. It defines capitalism and its various types, and explains Marx's view that capitalism led European nations to engage in colonialism and primitive accumulation in other nations. As capitalist development accelerated in Europe in the late 19th century, European powers sought new territories for raw materials, markets, and investment to fuel further growth. This wave of colonialism had both negative economic exploitation of colonies and positive impacts like infrastructure development. The document then defines imperialism and lists its main economic and political causes, like the need for resources and national prestige. It concludes that while some traditional imperialism has been reduced, new forms of domination still exist internationally.
Liberalism is an ideology that emphasizes individualism, freedom, reason, justice, and toleration. It originated as a response to feudalism and the rise of the middle class. There are several variants of liberalism including classical liberalism, economic liberalism, neoliberalism, and modern liberalism. Modern liberalism supports a more interventionist state than classical liberalism to address social injustices.
The political system of Pakistan is based on Islamic ideology with Islam declared as the state religion. Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system with the Prime Minister as the head of government who is elected by the National Assembly. The military also wields significant political influence. Islam plays an important role in the government and constitution with several articles requiring laws and actions to comply with Islamic principles and Sharia law. However, the emphasis on Islamic ideology has also alienated some regional groups and complicated Pakistan's ability to function as a modern democratic state.
When we hear about Russian Revolution, the first person comes to our mind is Lenin. Yes, today Tamil Thoughts is going to talk about Lenin Revolution (Russian Revolution), how and why did the Russian Revolution happen and how Vladimir Lenin won the Revolution.
The rise of dictators in Europe following World War 1 led to the growth of authoritarian regimes like Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany. In Italy, Benito Mussolini rose to power in 1922 by marching on Rome with his black shirt fascist supporters. In Germany, Adolf Hitler blamed other countries and ethnic minorities for Germany's poor economy, allowing him to become Chancellor in 1933. Both dictators violated the Treaty of Versailles by militarizing their countries in preparation for war. The oppressive policies of Hitler against Jews, like the Nuremberg Laws and Kristallnacht, further solidified the Nazi regime's transition towards totalitarianism and aggression.
World system theory, developed by Immanuel Wallerstein, proposes that the global economy consists of a core, semi-periphery, and periphery. The core countries engage in banking, manufacturing, and technology and exploit peripheral countries for raw materials and labor. Peripheral countries have weak governments and economies and are dependent on core countries. Semi-peripheral countries share some characteristics of both, exploiting peripheries while also being exploited by cores. The theory emphasizes global economic inequality between these zones.
The document discusses the role and history of major political parties in Pakistan. It provides background information on each party, including the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N), Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q), Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), and Awami National Party (ANP). It notes that the PPP is the largest party and has been active since 1967, while the PML-N is the second biggest party led by Nawaz Sharif. The PTI was founded by Imran Khan in 1996 and has emerged as a counterweight to the PPP
This document discusses the behavioral approach in political science. It began as a post-World War II protest movement against traditional approaches. Key exponents like Charles Merriam advocated studying political phenomena through observation and measurable data to make the field more scientific and value-free. The behavioral approach focuses on the political behaviors of individuals and groups within political systems. It aims to understand political events by analyzing observable human behavior rather than values or outcomes. However, critics argue that political science cannot be entirely value-free and human behavior is not static.
This document discusses the relationship between media and foreign policy. It defines key terms like foreign policy, mass media, and discusses theories like agenda-setting and framing that explain how media can influence foreign policy. It analyzes three types of relationships between media and foreign policy: manipulative/advocative, adversarial, and indifferent. Manipulative media can promote government agendas while adversarial media may challenge policies. The document also provides examples of how US and Pakistani media have related to foreign policy issues in their countries.
The document discusses the elements of national power for a term project on international relations. It defines national power as the sum of all resources available to a nation to achieve its objectives. National power is categorized into domestic power, which is a country's internal power, and international power, which is used to influence other countries. The key elements that contribute to a nation's overall power are identified as geography, natural resources, technology, population, national character, economic development, political structure, leadership, ideology, military, and diplomacy.
Islamic diplomacy was guided by principles from the Quran and teachings of the Prophet. During negotiations, Muslim diplomats would exchange envoys and engage in direct discussions to reach agreements, following steps like preliminary talks, drafting terms, signing treaties witnessed by both parties. Islamic law provided diplomatic immunity and privileges like exemption from prosecution and taxes to foreign envoys, based on the concept of aman or safe conduct. Overall the document outlines the key characteristics and processes of Islamic diplomacy throughout history.
This document defines political culture and discusses theories of political culture in liberal democracies and authoritarian countries. It summarizes Almond and Verba's theory of civic culture, which identifies three types of political cultures (parochial, subject, participant) and argues a stable democracy requires a blending of these, especially a majority of participants. It also discusses theories of political trust, social capital, and post-materialism and how governments may respond to political culture.
Aristotle studied nearly 158 constitutions and developed a scientific theory of revolution. According to Aristotle, revolution can be a major or minor change in a constitution or government, or a change in ruling power without constitutional change. Revolutions have general causes like psychological motives for profit and honor, and special reasons including social, economic, and external factors. Aristotle analyzed how revolutions occur differently in democratic, oligarchical, aristocratic, and monarchical systems. He proposed methods to resist revolution such as resolving discrimination, reducing injustice, democratic attitudes, education, rule of law, supportive constitutions, decent government-people relations, decentralization of power, and patriotism.
Foreign Policy its objectives and determinants.pptxABUSUFYAN55
Foreign policy aims to protect a country's national interests, such as security, economic prosperity, and cultural heritage. A country formulates its foreign policy based on several key determinants, including its geography, history, culture, domestic politics, economic interests, security considerations, technology, and military capabilities. These determinants shape a country's foreign policy objectives and strategies on the global stage.
This document provides an overview of privatization in Pakistan, including its history, key phases, successes and failures. Some key points:
- Privatization began in the 1950s but intensified in the 1980s-2000s under various governments seeking to improve economic growth. Major state assets were sold off to private owners.
- The largest phase was in the early 2000s under Shaukat Aziz, where 80% of banking and other major industries were privatized. This led to improved GDP growth.
- However, some privatizations like K-Electric failed due to mismanagement by new owners. There was also lack of transparency and allegations of corruption in the privatization process.
-
Colonial mentality may be impeding Pakistan's progress by causing citizens to devalue their own culture and adopt foreign ways. The essay outlines how colonial mentality leads Pakistanis to prefer English language and education, foreign legal and political systems, Western food and clothing, and prioritize other cultures over their own rich history. This colonial mentality has adverse impacts including lack of development and innovation, poor education and justice systems, and an inferiority complex. The essay argues revamping education, promoting Pakistani culture and history, and reforming legal and economic systems could help overcome colonial mentality.
This document discusses Lenin's theory of imperialism and provides an eco-materialist critique. It summarizes Lenin's view that imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism and would lead to its collapse. However, it argues that abundant, cheap energy from fossil fuels allowed capitalism to overcome crises and outcompete socialist systems. As fossil fuel depletion increases, the limits of capitalism and imperialism may be reached as complexity can no longer be sustained without growing energy inputs. Systemic failures could induce further complex "solutions" and conflicts over declining resources.
pakistan studies culture and heritage (tentative)pea school
This document provides information about an undergraduate course on Pakistan Studies: Culture and Heritage offered in the winter of 2002-2003 at LUMS. The 3-credit course will be taught by Dr. Rasul Bakhsh Rais and will focus on Pakistan's pluralistic character, rich ethnic and cultural diversity, and how they influence its identity, ideology, nationhood, politics, and power structures. Assessment will include attendance, thought papers, a midterm exam, and a final exam. Readings will be drawn from various sources to present diverse perspectives on topics like Pakistan's social and political development, culture, religion, ethnicity, and political heritage.
The document discusses the role of the state in Islam. It outlines that in an Islamic state, authority belongs to God alone and the state acts as a trustee of the people. The role of the state is to ensure both spiritual and material well-being. It is responsible for providing basic needs like food, shelter and education to all citizens. The state also aims to establish social and economic justice, utilize resources effectively, maintain price stability, provide social security and ensure a just distribution of wealth. The state plays a pivotal role in regulating business transactions honestly and enforcing Islamic laws to build a fair economic system.
Liberty is defined as freedom from restraint or control. There are several types of liberty including natural liberty (freedom before organized political life), national liberty (independence of a state), civil liberty (freedom of individual action and thought), political liberty (participation in government), and economic liberty (right to earn a livelihood). Civil rights include physical rights, freedom of mind, practical activity, right to life, education, association, and other facilities. Economic rights encompass the right to work, adopt a profession, protection from exploitation, and unemployment insurance. The right to property is also considered a basic human right.
The expansion of capitalism colonialism and imperialismFJWU, PMAS-AAUR
This document discusses the expansion of capitalism through colonialism and imperialism. It defines capitalism and its various types, and explains Marx's view that capitalism led European nations to engage in colonialism and primitive accumulation in other nations. As capitalist development accelerated in Europe in the late 19th century, European powers sought new territories for raw materials, markets, and investment to fuel further growth. This wave of colonialism had both negative economic exploitation of colonies and positive impacts like infrastructure development. The document then defines imperialism and lists its main economic and political causes, like the need for resources and national prestige. It concludes that while some traditional imperialism has been reduced, new forms of domination still exist internationally.
Liberalism is an ideology that emphasizes individualism, freedom, reason, justice, and toleration. It originated as a response to feudalism and the rise of the middle class. There are several variants of liberalism including classical liberalism, economic liberalism, neoliberalism, and modern liberalism. Modern liberalism supports a more interventionist state than classical liberalism to address social injustices.
The political system of Pakistan is based on Islamic ideology with Islam declared as the state religion. Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system with the Prime Minister as the head of government who is elected by the National Assembly. The military also wields significant political influence. Islam plays an important role in the government and constitution with several articles requiring laws and actions to comply with Islamic principles and Sharia law. However, the emphasis on Islamic ideology has also alienated some regional groups and complicated Pakistan's ability to function as a modern democratic state.
When we hear about Russian Revolution, the first person comes to our mind is Lenin. Yes, today Tamil Thoughts is going to talk about Lenin Revolution (Russian Revolution), how and why did the Russian Revolution happen and how Vladimir Lenin won the Revolution.
The rise of dictators in Europe following World War 1 led to the growth of authoritarian regimes like Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany. In Italy, Benito Mussolini rose to power in 1922 by marching on Rome with his black shirt fascist supporters. In Germany, Adolf Hitler blamed other countries and ethnic minorities for Germany's poor economy, allowing him to become Chancellor in 1933. Both dictators violated the Treaty of Versailles by militarizing their countries in preparation for war. The oppressive policies of Hitler against Jews, like the Nuremberg Laws and Kristallnacht, further solidified the Nazi regime's transition towards totalitarianism and aggression.
World system theory, developed by Immanuel Wallerstein, proposes that the global economy consists of a core, semi-periphery, and periphery. The core countries engage in banking, manufacturing, and technology and exploit peripheral countries for raw materials and labor. Peripheral countries have weak governments and economies and are dependent on core countries. Semi-peripheral countries share some characteristics of both, exploiting peripheries while also being exploited by cores. The theory emphasizes global economic inequality between these zones.
The document discusses the role and history of major political parties in Pakistan. It provides background information on each party, including the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N), Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q), Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), and Awami National Party (ANP). It notes that the PPP is the largest party and has been active since 1967, while the PML-N is the second biggest party led by Nawaz Sharif. The PTI was founded by Imran Khan in 1996 and has emerged as a counterweight to the PPP
This document discusses the behavioral approach in political science. It began as a post-World War II protest movement against traditional approaches. Key exponents like Charles Merriam advocated studying political phenomena through observation and measurable data to make the field more scientific and value-free. The behavioral approach focuses on the political behaviors of individuals and groups within political systems. It aims to understand political events by analyzing observable human behavior rather than values or outcomes. However, critics argue that political science cannot be entirely value-free and human behavior is not static.
This document discusses the relationship between media and foreign policy. It defines key terms like foreign policy, mass media, and discusses theories like agenda-setting and framing that explain how media can influence foreign policy. It analyzes three types of relationships between media and foreign policy: manipulative/advocative, adversarial, and indifferent. Manipulative media can promote government agendas while adversarial media may challenge policies. The document also provides examples of how US and Pakistani media have related to foreign policy issues in their countries.
The document discusses the elements of national power for a term project on international relations. It defines national power as the sum of all resources available to a nation to achieve its objectives. National power is categorized into domestic power, which is a country's internal power, and international power, which is used to influence other countries. The key elements that contribute to a nation's overall power are identified as geography, natural resources, technology, population, national character, economic development, political structure, leadership, ideology, military, and diplomacy.
Islamic diplomacy was guided by principles from the Quran and teachings of the Prophet. During negotiations, Muslim diplomats would exchange envoys and engage in direct discussions to reach agreements, following steps like preliminary talks, drafting terms, signing treaties witnessed by both parties. Islamic law provided diplomatic immunity and privileges like exemption from prosecution and taxes to foreign envoys, based on the concept of aman or safe conduct. Overall the document outlines the key characteristics and processes of Islamic diplomacy throughout history.
This document defines political culture and discusses theories of political culture in liberal democracies and authoritarian countries. It summarizes Almond and Verba's theory of civic culture, which identifies three types of political cultures (parochial, subject, participant) and argues a stable democracy requires a blending of these, especially a majority of participants. It also discusses theories of political trust, social capital, and post-materialism and how governments may respond to political culture.
Aristotle studied nearly 158 constitutions and developed a scientific theory of revolution. According to Aristotle, revolution can be a major or minor change in a constitution or government, or a change in ruling power without constitutional change. Revolutions have general causes like psychological motives for profit and honor, and special reasons including social, economic, and external factors. Aristotle analyzed how revolutions occur differently in democratic, oligarchical, aristocratic, and monarchical systems. He proposed methods to resist revolution such as resolving discrimination, reducing injustice, democratic attitudes, education, rule of law, supportive constitutions, decent government-people relations, decentralization of power, and patriotism.
Foreign Policy its objectives and determinants.pptxABUSUFYAN55
Foreign policy aims to protect a country's national interests, such as security, economic prosperity, and cultural heritage. A country formulates its foreign policy based on several key determinants, including its geography, history, culture, domestic politics, economic interests, security considerations, technology, and military capabilities. These determinants shape a country's foreign policy objectives and strategies on the global stage.
This document provides an overview of privatization in Pakistan, including its history, key phases, successes and failures. Some key points:
- Privatization began in the 1950s but intensified in the 1980s-2000s under various governments seeking to improve economic growth. Major state assets were sold off to private owners.
- The largest phase was in the early 2000s under Shaukat Aziz, where 80% of banking and other major industries were privatized. This led to improved GDP growth.
- However, some privatizations like K-Electric failed due to mismanagement by new owners. There was also lack of transparency and allegations of corruption in the privatization process.
-
Colonial mentality may be impeding Pakistan's progress by causing citizens to devalue their own culture and adopt foreign ways. The essay outlines how colonial mentality leads Pakistanis to prefer English language and education, foreign legal and political systems, Western food and clothing, and prioritize other cultures over their own rich history. This colonial mentality has adverse impacts including lack of development and innovation, poor education and justice systems, and an inferiority complex. The essay argues revamping education, promoting Pakistani culture and history, and reforming legal and economic systems could help overcome colonial mentality.
This document discusses Lenin's theory of imperialism and provides an eco-materialist critique. It summarizes Lenin's view that imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism and would lead to its collapse. However, it argues that abundant, cheap energy from fossil fuels allowed capitalism to overcome crises and outcompete socialist systems. As fossil fuel depletion increases, the limits of capitalism and imperialism may be reached as complexity can no longer be sustained without growing energy inputs. Systemic failures could induce further complex "solutions" and conflicts over declining resources.
pakistan studies culture and heritage (tentative)pea school
This document provides information about an undergraduate course on Pakistan Studies: Culture and Heritage offered in the winter of 2002-2003 at LUMS. The 3-credit course will be taught by Dr. Rasul Bakhsh Rais and will focus on Pakistan's pluralistic character, rich ethnic and cultural diversity, and how they influence its identity, ideology, nationhood, politics, and power structures. Assessment will include attendance, thought papers, a midterm exam, and a final exam. Readings will be drawn from various sources to present diverse perspectives on topics like Pakistan's social and political development, culture, religion, ethnicity, and political heritage.
The document discusses the role of the state in Islam. It outlines that in an Islamic state, authority belongs to God alone and the state acts as a trustee of the people. The role of the state is to ensure both spiritual and material well-being. It is responsible for providing basic needs like food, shelter and education to all citizens. The state also aims to establish social and economic justice, utilize resources effectively, maintain price stability, provide social security and ensure a just distribution of wealth. The state plays a pivotal role in regulating business transactions honestly and enforcing Islamic laws to build a fair economic system.
Pakistan as a Welfare State discusses Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah's vision for Pakistan as an Islamic welfare state. It defines a welfare state as a system where the government ensures basic standards of living for all citizens through social services like education, healthcare, unemployment insurance, and equal opportunities. Jinnah emphasized leveling up living standards for the masses rather than prioritizing accumulation by the rich. He also stressed that Pakistan should develop its own economic system based on Islamic principles of equality and social justice rather than blindly following Western models.
Importance & Significance of Islamic CivilizationShefa Idrees
Islamic civilization is based on the core Islamic beliefs of tawhid, risalah, and other divine principles. It emphasizes cleanliness, equality, brotherhood, justice, and commanding good. Socially, it promotes human rights, modest dress, architecture reflecting Islamic values, and dignifying labor. Ethically, it encourages chastity, passion, altruism, and living according to Islamic morality. A key difference between Islamic and Western civilizations is that Islam is monotheistic while the West is increasingly atheistic. This difference is a root cause of clashes, as are historical factors, Western hostility toward Muslims, and the Muslim world's sense of inferiority after declining from its peak. Influences of clashes
Islamic economics is based on principles derived from the Quran and Sunnah to prevent injustice and provide for human needs and obligations to Allah. Key principles include:
1) Man is Allah's vicegerent on Earth and must follow His guidelines in all aspects of life.
2) Resources are a trust from Allah and all humans have an equal right to acquire them through righteous means.
3) Economic activity such as production, distribution and consumption is guided to prioritize necessities and balance individual and social interests.
Islamic banking provides financial services that adhere to Islamic law and avoid interest. It differs from conventional banking by prohibiting riba, or usury. The three main principles of Islamic banking are profit and loss sharing, asset backing, and the avoidance of uncertainty. Islamic banks also emphasize ethical investing and equitable distribution of wealth.
The document discusses the economic role of the Islamic state based on a lecture given in 1991. It covers four main sections. The first section defines the Islamic state's function as continuing the role of prophethood by safeguarding religion and managing worldly affairs according to Shari'ah. The second section outlines the economic objectives of the Islamic state, including achieving economic capability to strengthen Islam, securing economic satisfaction while guaranteeing basic needs, and maintaining economic justice. The third section discusses tools the state can use to fulfill its objectives, such as policies around the public and private sectors. The fourth section covers constraints on the state's economic activities from Shari'ah like avoiding what is prohibited and applying distributive justice.
The document discusses the economic system in Islam. It states that Islam provides guidelines for all spheres of life, including economics. The Islamic economic system aims to establish a just society where people behave honestly and responsibly in their transactions. It recognizes private, collective, and state possession of wealth. Some key principles of the Islamic economic system are that earnings and spending must be through halal means, individuals have a right to property with limits to ensure societal benefit, payment of zakat is compulsory to help the poor, and transactions involving interest are prohibited.
This document discusses the economic role of the state in Islam according to Islamic scholars and principles. It covers four main sections:
1. The Islamic state's function is to continue the role of prophethood by safeguarding religion and managing worldly affairs according to Sharia. This gives the state responsibilities for both worldly and afterlife interests of citizens.
2. The state's priorities are protecting religion and upholding God's word over national interests or welfare. Economically, priorities are production in areas enhancing society/state's ability to defend Muslims/spread Islam.
3. The state aims to fulfill economic objectives like ensuring basic needs and opportunities through tools like the public sector, private sector promotion, fiscal and
The document discusses the concept of an Islamic state according to the Quran. It argues that while the Quran emphasizes values like justice and equality in society, it does not prescribe a specific form of government. Democratic governance involving mutual consultation is suggested. An Islamic state should guarantee equal rights and pluralism regardless of attributes like race, religion or gender. The priority is establishing a just society rather than a particular political structure.
The document discusses the objectives and principles of Islamic banking. It outlines that Islamic banking aims to establish a just, equitable and compassionate society by prohibiting interest and excessive wealth, encouraging sharing of wealth through zakat and sadaqat, and providing basic human needs. It also aims to promote brotherhood through business partnerships like mudarabah and musharakah that are based on mutual consent and fair distribution of profits and losses.
Human rights in_islam_and_common_misconceptionsAfif Suaidi
This document provides an introduction to human rights in Islam and addresses some common misconceptions. It discusses three trends in conceptualizing individual and societal rights - emphasizing individual rights, emphasizing societal rights, and finding a balanced approach between the two. Islam is said to take the third approach. The document also discusses how Islam preserves five essential human necessities - religion, self, mind, honor/lineage, and wealth. It emphasizes that all humans are equal in dignity as God's creation, though there are natural differences.
Islam is a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. The five pillars of Islam are the declaration of faith, daily prayers, fasting during Ramadan, paying zakat (charity), and performing the hajj pilgrimage if physically and financially able. Muslims believe Islam is the final and most complete revelation from God, building upon previous messages to other prophets like Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. The Quran and hadith (sayings and practices of Muhammad) provide guidance for Muslims on spiritual and worldly matters. Islam teaches that all humans will be judged by God after death based on their beliefs and deeds in life.
The document discusses the ethical values and foundations of an Islamic society. It states that Islamic society is built on faith and divine commands that prescribe moral principles for human life. The five philosophical foundations of Islamic society are: (1) God's unity and sovereignty, (2) divine guidance for perfection, (3) man's role as God's representative, (4) purification and growth, and (5) accountability before God. Additional values that characterize Islamic society include truthfulness, justice, sincerity, and brotherhood.
Dominating features of islamic civilizationMahin Nwx
The document discusses the key principles and characteristics of Islamic civilization. It states that Islamic civilization is based on the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah. It emphasizes monotheism, equality, morality, and balance between spiritual and material aspects. Some of the prominent features mentioned include a belief in one God, equality among humans, prohibition of idol worship, and establishing rights and duties for individuals and society. The civilization aims to strike a balance in various fields and maintain its principles while adapting to changing times.
Islam is a complete way of life that organizes all aspects of society from individual duties to political and economic systems. It establishes clear rules and guidance for worship, social interactions, marriage, inheritance, behavior, diet, dress, and governance. Islam is not confined to religious rituals but provides direction for all daily affairs and aspects of life. By submitting to Allah and following the teachings of the Quran and practices of the Prophet Muhammad, Muslims aim to achieve peace within themselves and their communities.
1. Islamic economic system aims to achieve socio-economic justice and fair distribution of wealth through its elaborate system of Zakat and Sadaqat.
2. It establishes brotherhood and unity among Muslims while also discouraging hoarding and ensuring constant circulation of wealth.
3. The system eliminates exploitation and aims to provide basic necessities of life for all citizens through principles of permissible (halal) and impermissible (haram) means as well as moderation in production, consumption, and spending.
Human Rights in Islam and Common Misconceptions: In this booklet the author address human rights in the light of perfectly balanced system of laws and principles of Islam. These rights are bases on revelations from the Divine Book of Muslims, the Glorious Qur’an and from the Sunnah, the practice of Allah’s Messenger -pbuh- the two main sources of Islamic life and jurisprudence.
This document discusses quality, quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management. It explains that quality means meeting customer expectations. Quality control checks quality after production through inspectors, while quality assurance checks quality throughout production by employees. Total quality management focuses on continuous quality improvement by building quality into every stage and making all employees responsible for quality. Maintaining quality helps businesses through increased sales, customer loyalty and reputation while lack of quality hurts businesses.
Business and commerce involve the production of goods and services to generate a profit. Key questions that must be addressed include what and how much to produce, how to produce items, and who will consume the goods and services. Modern advances like advanced trade systems have made national and global commerce easier and more prosperous. Changing consumer demands and new technologies also create new opportunities. While business and commerce have different words, they have the same meaning and concept and can be used interchangeably to refer to the combined activities of manufacturing, marketing, exchange, distribution, and finance.
This document provides a condensed syllabus for the Intermediate of Commerce subject for the years 2020-2021. It covers key topics such as forms of business organization, marketing, and trade. The document also references sample model papers to help students prepare for exams.
Business Finance means the funds and credit employed in the business. Finance is the foundation of a business. Finance requirements are to purchase assets, goods, raw materials and for the other flow of economic activities.
In a market system, changes in prices cause the shift in resources, from making products that are becoming less popular to making those that are becoming more popular
A marketing strategy is a plan to combine the right combination of the 4 elements of the marketing mix for a product or service to achieve a particular marketing marketing objectives.
Capital expenditure & Revenue expenditureMudassir Raza
Capital expenditures are typically one-time large purchases of fixed assets that will be used for revenue generation over a longer period. Revenue expenditures are the ongoing operating expenses, which are short-term expenses used to run the daily business operations.
Price elasticity of supply measures the responsiveness to the supply of a good or service after a change in its market price. According to basic economic theory, the supply of a good will increase when its price rises. Conversely, the supply of a good will decrease when its price decreases.
Technology presents new opportunities for businesses to market their product and services.
The internet allows businesses to gather information about customer purchasing habits.
The internet has facilitated the widespread use of online purchasing.
Price elasticity of demand measures how responsive consumer demand is to changes in price. It is calculated by taking the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. Demand can be elastic, inelastic, perfectly elastic, perfectly inelastic, or unit elastic depending on how much quantity demanded changes relative to price changes. Factors like availability of substitutes, necessity of the product, and proportion of income spent on it affect price elasticity. Understanding price elasticity helps firms set prices to maximize total revenue.
The document discusses various accounting terms including cash discount, trade discount, cheque, receipt, petty cash book, and imprest system. It provides definitions and explanations of each term. For example, it states that a cash discount is an allowance given to a customer who settles their account within a certain time limit set by the supplier, while a trade discount is a reduction in the price of goods that often increases with larger quantities purchased. It also notes that a petty cash book records low-value cash payments and is restored under the imprest system so the petty cashier always starts each period with the same amount.
The document summarizes how changes in demand and supply affect market prices and quantities traded. It discusses how an increase in demand raises prices while a decrease in demand lowers prices. An increase in supply lowers prices while a decrease in supply raises prices. Examples are given of how falling demand or supply would shift the curves and lower the market quantity or raise the price. The document ends with sample questions about identifying causes of demand changes and using diagrams to analyze a subsidy.
This refers to the channels of distribution that are selected. That is, what method of getting the product to the market and to the customer is to be used? Will the manufacturer sell its product to shops that sell to the public, or to wholesalers, or direct to the customers?
Price: The Price at which the product is sold to the customer is a key part of the marketing mix. A comparison must be made with the prices of competitors product.
This document discusses books of original entry for returns, including returns inwards and outwards day books. It provides examples of entries in a returns inwards day book to record goods returned by customers and a returns outwards day book to record goods returned to suppliers. It also explains that a credit note is prepared by a seller for a sales return and sent to the buyer, while a debit note is prepared by a customer for a purchase return and sent to the seller. Finally, it notes there are practice questions to reinforce the content.
The product life cycle describes the stages a product will pass through from its introduction, through its growth until it is mature, and then finally its decline.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
2. Key Points to Cover
Islamic Perspective of a Welfare State.
Role of Individual in a Welfare State.
3. Islamic Perspective of
a Welfare State.
A state that cares for the basic needs of its citizens and
enables them to live a peaceful life is called a welfare state.
4. The objective of welfare state are to
eliminate illiteracy, poverty and
injustice from the society
WELFARE STATE
5. Islam is a complete way of life. So it
gives a clear concept of a welfare
state. A welfare state in Islamic
sense based on principles of
equality, justice, brotherhood and
betterment of the people.
ISLAMIC WELFARE STATE
7. Sovereignty
Sovereignty in Islam belongs to Almighty Allah. The state protects the life,
property and honor of its individuals. The superiority among the individuals is
based on Taqwa.
8. Trustworthy
It is necessary for the one who runs the affairs of the Islamic Welfare state to
adhere to the basic tents of Islam.
9. Servant of the People
The head of an Islamic Welfare state is the servant of the People.
10. The Concept of
Accountability
The ruler is not beyond question or criticism. State provides equal opportunities
of progress to all the individuals.
11. Musawat
In a nutshell the concept of an Islamic Welfare State is that it maintains
"Musawat".
12. Role of Individual in a
Welfare State
LOYALTY AND
FAITHFULNESS
SAFEGUARD OF
THE RIGHTS OF
FELLOW MEN
PUBLIC
FACILITIES
PARTICIPATION
IN THE
WELFARE WORK
LEGAL AND
MORAL DUTIES
TAXES AND
UTILITY BILLS
PROGRESS IN THE
FIELD OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
13. How to Reach Us
EMAIL ADDRESS
razamudassir1@gmail.com