This document compares problem-based learning questions and the Socratic method. Problem-based learning uses authentic real-world problems to facilitate student-centered, active learning where students address problems inductively. The Socratic method uses disciplined questioning to explore complex ideas, uncover assumptions, and analyze concepts. Both methods support independent learning but in different ways - problem-based learning empowers self-directed learning while the Socratic method uses questioning to challenge misconceptions and steer learning. The document also discusses benefits and challenges of each approach.