The document describes the process of fault modeling in Petrel, including:
1. Defining a new model to contain the geological faults
2. Creating faults from fault polygon lines by generating key pillars along the polygons
3. Editing the automatically generated key pillars by moving points and pillars to better fit the input fault data
4. Connecting faults where they intersect horizontally by defining common key pillars between the faults.
Working with CATIA V5 in 3DEXPERIENCE 2017x updated platform. Learn how to access commands and functions.
Get more free 3DEXPERIENCE apps demo here:
http://www.mecanicasolutions.com/3dexperience-webinar-ondemand/
Working with CATIA V5 in 3DEXPERIENCE 2017x updated platform. Learn how to access commands and functions.
Get more free 3DEXPERIENCE apps demo here:
http://www.mecanicasolutions.com/3dexperience-webinar-ondemand/
CATIA DMU Kinematic Simulation - TecnisiaCAD RAVI RAI
CATIA V5 DMU ENABLES DIGITAL PRODUCT SIMULATION, ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION, IMPROVING PRODUCT QUALITY AND ACCELERATING DECISION MAKING BY PROVIDING REAL-TIME INSIGHT INTO REAL-WORLD PRODUCT PERFORMANCE.
http://tecnisiacadtraining.business.site https://www.sulekha.com/tecnisiacad-janakpuri-delhi-contact-address
In this lesson, you create a mold tooling for a telephone handset.
You start with a model of a telephone handset. Before creating the mold tooling, you add mounting bosses to the model. This demonstrates the fastening features commonly used on molded products.
Introduction Petrel Course (UAB-2014)
This course has been prepared as an introduction of Petrel software (Schlumberger, www.software.slb.com/products/platform/Pages/petrel.aspx), an application which allows the modeling and visualization of reservoirs, since the exploration stage until production, integrating geological and geophysical data, geological modeling (structural and stratigraphic frameworks), well planning, or property modeling ( petrophysical or petrological) among other possibilities.
The course will be focused mainly in the understanding and utilization of workflows aimed to build geological models based on superficial data (at the outcrop scale) but also with seismic data. The course contents have been subdivided in 5 modules each one developed through the combination of short explanations and practical exercises.
The duration of the course covers more or less 10h divided in three sessions. The starting data will be in the first week of December.
This course will be oriented mainly for the PhD and master students ascribed at the Geologic department of the UAB. For logistic reasons the maximum number of places for each torn are 9. The course is free from the Department members but the external interested will have to make a symbolic payment.
Those interested send an e-mail to the Doctor Griera (albert.griera@uab.cat).
The course will be imparted by Marc Diviu (Msc. Geology and Geophysics of reservoirs).
3D Facies Modelling project using Petrel software. Msc Geology and Geophysics
Abstract
The Montserrat and Sant Llorenç del Munt fan-delta complexes were developed during the Eocene in the Ebro basin. The depositional stratigraphic record of these fan deltas has been described as a made up by a several transgressive and regressive composite sequences each made up by several fundamental sequences. Each sequence set is in turn composed by five main facies belts: proximal alluvial fan, distal alluvial fan, delta front, carbonates platforms and prodelta.
Using outcrop data from three composite sequences (Sant Vicenç, Vilomara and Manresa), a 3D facies model was built. The key sequential traces of the studied area georeferenced and digitalized on to photorealistic terrain models, were the hard data used as input to reconstruct the main surfaces, which are separating transgressive and regressive stacking patterns. Regarding the facies modelling has been achieved using a geostatistical algorithm in order to define the stacking trend and the interfingerings of adjacent facies belts, and five paleogeographyc maps to reproduce the paleogeometry of the facies belts within each system tract.
The final model has been checked, using a real cross section, and analysed in order to obtain information about the Delta Front facies which are the ones susceptible to be analogous of a reservoir. Attending to the results including eight probability maps of occurrence, the transgressive sequence set of Vilomara is the greatest accumulation of these facies explained by its agradational component.
CATIA DMU Kinematic Simulation - TecnisiaCAD RAVI RAI
CATIA V5 DMU ENABLES DIGITAL PRODUCT SIMULATION, ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION, IMPROVING PRODUCT QUALITY AND ACCELERATING DECISION MAKING BY PROVIDING REAL-TIME INSIGHT INTO REAL-WORLD PRODUCT PERFORMANCE.
http://tecnisiacadtraining.business.site https://www.sulekha.com/tecnisiacad-janakpuri-delhi-contact-address
In this lesson, you create a mold tooling for a telephone handset.
You start with a model of a telephone handset. Before creating the mold tooling, you add mounting bosses to the model. This demonstrates the fastening features commonly used on molded products.
Introduction Petrel Course (UAB-2014)
This course has been prepared as an introduction of Petrel software (Schlumberger, www.software.slb.com/products/platform/Pages/petrel.aspx), an application which allows the modeling and visualization of reservoirs, since the exploration stage until production, integrating geological and geophysical data, geological modeling (structural and stratigraphic frameworks), well planning, or property modeling ( petrophysical or petrological) among other possibilities.
The course will be focused mainly in the understanding and utilization of workflows aimed to build geological models based on superficial data (at the outcrop scale) but also with seismic data. The course contents have been subdivided in 5 modules each one developed through the combination of short explanations and practical exercises.
The duration of the course covers more or less 10h divided in three sessions. The starting data will be in the first week of December.
This course will be oriented mainly for the PhD and master students ascribed at the Geologic department of the UAB. For logistic reasons the maximum number of places for each torn are 9. The course is free from the Department members but the external interested will have to make a symbolic payment.
Those interested send an e-mail to the Doctor Griera (albert.griera@uab.cat).
The course will be imparted by Marc Diviu (Msc. Geology and Geophysics of reservoirs).
3D Facies Modelling project using Petrel software. Msc Geology and Geophysics
Abstract
The Montserrat and Sant Llorenç del Munt fan-delta complexes were developed during the Eocene in the Ebro basin. The depositional stratigraphic record of these fan deltas has been described as a made up by a several transgressive and regressive composite sequences each made up by several fundamental sequences. Each sequence set is in turn composed by five main facies belts: proximal alluvial fan, distal alluvial fan, delta front, carbonates platforms and prodelta.
Using outcrop data from three composite sequences (Sant Vicenç, Vilomara and Manresa), a 3D facies model was built. The key sequential traces of the studied area georeferenced and digitalized on to photorealistic terrain models, were the hard data used as input to reconstruct the main surfaces, which are separating transgressive and regressive stacking patterns. Regarding the facies modelling has been achieved using a geostatistical algorithm in order to define the stacking trend and the interfingerings of adjacent facies belts, and five paleogeographyc maps to reproduce the paleogeometry of the facies belts within each system tract.
The final model has been checked, using a real cross section, and analysed in order to obtain information about the Delta Front facies which are the ones susceptible to be analogous of a reservoir. Attending to the results including eight probability maps of occurrence, the transgressive sequence set of Vilomara is the greatest accumulation of these facies explained by its agradational component.
Healthcare professionals face ethical questions every day. This isSusanaFurman449
Healthcare professionals face ethical questions every day. This is particularly true for those whose scriptural worldview may seem unfamiliar, or even antagonistic, to the secular scientific community. This assignment asks you to research and analyze the ethical issues involved in a healthcare environment that poses such ethical challenges.
The Collins text explores a number of current healthcare topics that present bioethical issues, especially when viewed from a biblical worldview perspective:
· Medical genetics
· Personalized medicine
· DNA testing
· Stem cells and cloning
· Genetic enhancement
Select one of these topics and provide critical analysis of (i) the ethical issues for society, (ii) the ethical issues for a Christian healthcare professional, and (iii) whether and how a Christian should participate in such efforts. Title your thread with the subject of the analysis and your conclusion (e.g., "Cloning, Ethical").
As an additional perspective, consider the interview with Dr. Collins in this module's Learn items, in which he continues to discuss the interaction of faith and science.
Switch Worksheet Views
Learning Outcomes
· Change worksheet views
· Create a header/footer
· Select a range
You can change your view of the worksheet window at any time, using either the View tab on the Ribbon or the View buttons on the status bar. Changing your view does not affect the contents of a worksheet; it just makes it easier for you to focus on different tasks, such as entering content or preparing a worksheet for printing. The View tab includes a variety of viewing options, such as View buttons, zoom controls, and the ability to show or hide worksheet elements such as gridlines. The status bar offers fewer View options but can be more convenient to use. You want to make some final adjustments to your worksheet, including adding a header so the document looks more polished.
Steps
Quick Tip
Although a worksheet can contain more than a million rows and thousands of columns, the current document contains only as many pages as necessary for the current project.
1. 1
Click the View tab on the Ribbon, then click the Page Layout button in the Workbook Views group
The view switches from the default view, Normal, to Page Layout view. Normal view shows the worksheet without including certain details like headers and footers, or tools like rulers and a page number indicator; it’s great for creating and editing a worksheet, but may not be detailed enough when you want to put the finishing touches on a document. Page Layout view provides a more accurate view of how a worksheet will look when printed, as shown in Figure 1-14. The margins of the page are displayed, along with a text box for the header. A footer text box appears at the bottom of the page, but your screen may not be large enough to view it without scrolling. Above and to the left of the page are rulers. Part of an additional page appears to the right of this page, but it is dimmed, indicati ...
Final Project Part 1 (Videos Form) Create this.docxmydrynan
Final Project
Part 1 (Videos Form)
Create this form to search for the title of a video. Create the necessary
Video table (with about 5 or 6 records in the interest of time) with the fields
shown. Use any images you can find. Make the form look professional and
not be the default design. You can use themes and colors for quick elegant
designs.
The rest of the final project is detailed below. You will need the Video table
you made for the form above, to complete the project as well as two
additional tables (a customer table and a rentals table). You only need to
enter a few records to demonstrate that it is working.
Part2:
Create the Customer Rental Form shown below.
Example 1
Example 2
Not all the subform fields are showing and they are in a different order than the one above.
Here is a guide to the steps:
Three tables are created, and related – Customers, Rentals, Videos( similar
to the past exercises).
The Phone # is the ID# for the customers table, and the Video table of
course has its own ID#. In the example 1 above, the Video ID# is simple
whereas in Example 2, the Video ID# is more realistic like V-765 or SD-351.
(The images are screen shots from different students.)
When creating the form/subform above, by using Create, More
Forms…, Form Wizard, be sure to select the customers table first and send
ALL the fields over to the right, then select the Rentals table and send all
the fields over EXCEPT the customer ID field, then select the videos table
and send over only the fields you need and be sure NOT to send the Video ID
(you don’t want the user typing into this field by mistake! Remember there
is another Video ID field in the rentals table that was already sent to the
form wizard)
Once the form/subform is created, you can customize it, and there is quite
a bit of this to do. Some of the features, you haven’t done before.
In design view, first add the search control for the customer. Be sure to
show the Phone # along with the name as in the graphic for Example 2
above. Then create the combo box for the Video ID. Start by deleting the
Video ID field in the subform, and replace it with the Combo Box form
control. When prompted, select to display the Video ID as well as the Video
Title as shown below. It is crucial, when prompted, to select the choice that
stores the data (Video ID), in the Video ID field of the rentals table.
Also add the calculated fields for # of Days and total. You can add these
fields anywhere in the subform you like. As you must have noticed by now,
the layout of the subform in design view, has no bearing whatsoever on the
actual layout when you view the form. This is because the default view for
the subform is set to datasheet view and a grid style or table, is forced on
the subform. But sometimes we want the subform to appear the way it is
arranged in the design view.
Now for the fun part! You are now going to make the subform appe ...
Wk 3 - Market Penetration Plan [due Mon]Top of FormBottom of F.docxhelzerpatrina
Wk 3 - Market Penetration Plan [due Mon]
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Assignment Content
1.
Top of Form
Resource: Marketing Penetration Plan Grading Guide
Create a 700-word plan for market penetration of a 3-year period of time:
· Explain the major components of your marketing plan.
· Examine your distribution and pricing plans.
· Explain your business purpose.
· Explain your pricing strategy.
· Evaluate which type of advertising is the most beneficial to your business/product.
· Evaluate whether that type of advertising matches up to your offering and pricing, and whether you can afford it.
· Explain whether it fits your image of your business.
· Determine whether your customers will need to be educated about your business/product.
· Explain whether you will need to hire a marketing expert.
Format your assignment consistent with APA guidelines.
Submit your assignment.
Resources
· Center for Writing Excellence
· Reference and Citation Generator
· Grammar and Writing Guides
· Learning Team Toolkit
Bottom of Form
LESSON 8: Project Schedule Formatting Fundamentals
LESSON SKILL MATRIX
SKILLS
TASKS
Gantt Chart Formatting
Modify the Gantt Chart using the Bar Styles dialog box
Modify the Gantt Chart using Gantt Chart Styles
Modifying Text Appearance in a View
Modify the appearance of text in a view
Modify the appearance of a single piece of text
Creating Custom Fields
Create a custom text field
Creating and Editing Tables
Create a custom table
Creating Custom Views
Create a custom view
As a video production manager for Southridge Video and the project manager for the new Don Funk music video, you have the foundation of your project schedule in place. However, a project manager doesn’t usually look at all of the data in a project schedule at once. In this lesson, you will learn to use some of the tools in Microsoft Project 2013, such as views and reports, to look at the element or aspect of the project schedule in which you are currently interested. With these tools, you can significantly impact how your data appears by the way in which you change the data format to meet your needs.
KEY TERMS
Charts view
custom field
diagram view
forms view
sheets view
usage view
view
SOFTWARE ORIENTATION: Microsoft Project’s Bar Styles Dialog Box
In Microsoft Project, you can use the Bar Styles dialog box (see Figure 8-1) to customize the appearance of items on the Gantt Chart. This dialog box enables you to change the appearance of items such as task bars, milestones, summary bars, and text that appear on the Gantt Chart. You can change characteristics such as bar types, patterns, colors, splits, and shapes.
Figure 8-1: Bar Styles dialog box
You will now use one of the features of the ribbon interface in Project 2013, the Format ribbon. With this ribbon you have faster access to formatting options in views. You may have seen in the various views of previous lessons a tab at the very top of the screen, above the ribbon. This is the Format ribbon. This tab provide ...
This is a custom guide for those in the AEC industry that know and use mission critical software like Autodesk's Revit. This productivity app/plugin was designed by architects and engineers to help Revit users and BIM fanatics save hundreds of hours each month on reporting, take offs and more. The app can be found in the Autodesk App store in a free trial version. Links to the app store and related sites are available on the final page of the deck. Enjoy.
1. 5. Fault Modeling
In the previous section, we did some editing on the input data to bring it to a form
suitable to Petrel for building the 3D geological model. In this section we will start
building the model. The building process may be decomposed into the following
steps:
• Defining a New Model,
• Creating Faults from Fault Polygons,
• Editing Key Pillars,
• Building Key Pillars from Fault Polygons,
• Connecting Faults,
• Disconnecting Faults,
• Creating Branched and Crossing Faults,
• Creating Faults from Selected Fault Sticks,
• Creating Faults from All Fault Sticks,
• Automatic Generation of Faults,
• Automatic Connection of Faults,
• And Automatic Adjustment of Key Pillars.
5.1 Defining a New Model
Before building a 3D geological model in Petrel, it is necessary to define a model.
The new model only contains empty folders. When you begin generating Key Pillars,
they will be placed in one of these pre-defined folders. To create a new model, follow
these steps:
• Double click on the Define Model item under the Structural Modeling in the
Process Diagram tab. A Define Model dialog box pops up, as shown in Fig.
5.1.
• Give the model a specific name; e.g. HAH and click OK. The model will be
placed under the Models tab in the Petrel Explorer window, as shown in Fig.
5.2.
Fig. 5.1: The Define Model dialog box
50
2. Fig. 5.2: The HAH new model
5.2 Creating Faults from Fault Polygons
Fault polygons are line data representing the hanging-wall and footwall for each
horizon. The polygons could be separated into lines for each fault or lines for each
horizon. In the latter case, the lines should be separated with flags to make sure that
the same line dose not defines two faults. If there are no flags between the line data,
you should do some editing in the Make/Edit Polygons process in order to split the
lines.
To create faults from fault polygons, follow the steps:
• Go to Structural Modeling item in the Process Diagram tab,
• Activate the Fault Modeling process in the Process Diagram by clicking on
it once and making it bold as shown by Fig. 5.3.
Fig. 5.3: The Fault Modeling process
• Display the fault polygon files in the Fault Polygons folder in a 3D window,
as shown in Fig. 5.4.
• Select the desired fault geometry from the Fault Model Option Tools toolbar.
In this case, a linear geometry is suitable, as shown in Fig. 5.4.
51
3. Fig. 5.4: Fault Polygons displayed in a 3D window while the Fault Model Options
and Fault Model Tools are displayed
• In the Function bar, click on the Set Select/Pick Mode icon as shown below,
• Open the setting for the fault model process by double clicking on the process
in the Process Diagram. Use the default settings as shown in Fig. 5.5.
However, the fault model should represent the input data properly. Note the
option to extend the Key Pillars above the given min point and below the
given max point of the input data. You can control how far Pillars are
extended.
52
4. Fig. 5.5: Fault Modeling with HAH/Fault model Settings dialog box
• Back to Fault Modeling icon, a Fault Modeling with 'HAH/Fault Model'
dialog box will appear again, choose Settings, as shown in Fig. 5.6. Use the
default settings.
Fig. 5.6: Fault Modeling with 'HAH/Fault Model' dialog box
53
5. • In the 3D window, select all fault polygons that describe one fault by clicking
on the fault polygons,
• Click on the Create Faults from Fault Polygons icon in the Function bar to
generate Key Pillars along the selected polygons, as shown in Figs. 5.7, 5.8.
• The new fault has been added under the Fault folder in the Models tab of
Petrel Explorer and is called “Fault 1”. You can change the name to a more
appropriate name by clicking twice on the “Fault 1” and changing the name
under the info tab of the Settings window that pops up.
Fig 5.7: Fault Polygons displayed in a 3D window while Fault Model Action
(Pillars) Tools toolbar are displayed
54
6. Fig. 5.8: Fault Polygons displayed in a 3D window after create faults from polygon
Fig. 5.9: Fault Polygons displayed in a 3D window along with their surfaces
55
7. 5.3 Editing Key Pillars
After you have created a fault you may want to do some fine-tuning on a specific
Key Pillar or on the whole fault. Petrel has the option to edit single Shape Points or
pillars as well as a selection of Shape Points or pillars. To select more than one, press
the Shift key as you make your selection. The Fault Modeling and hence editing of
Key Pillars is a very important step in making an accurate and reliable Petrel model.
The Key Pillars should describe the fault planes as defined by the input data. It is
possible to edit on a complete fault, a single Key Pillar or a shape point X, Y and Z
directions, which makes the editing on faults very flexible. Automatically constructed
Key Pillars are often malformed and often it is necessary to add new Pillars between
key pillars and to the end of a fault then modify their shape. You have to insert Key
Pillars between existing pillars when a fault’s shape contains more detail than the
existing Pillar spacing can represent. Use the tool for add Pillars to end of fault and
add pillar between. Editing of shape points and/or entire Key Pillars will be required
to more closely fit the input data. This editing may require adding more shape points
to the pillar to achieve the desired form. All Key Pillars in a fault don’t necessarily
need the same number of shape points. See Fig. 5.10.
To edit key pillars, follow the steps:
• Open a new 3D Window,
• Display a few of the faults (Key Pillars) to be edited,
• Toggle on the checkbox next to all of the faults in the Fault Model folder,
• Display available input data to use as a guide and be sure that the fault
polygons or other data used to create the Pillars are visible in the 3D window,
• Click on the Toggle fill icon to make it easier when editing the plane between
Key Pillars is filled with color, as shown in Fig. 5.11,
Fig. 5.10: Illustrative drawing to show horizons, fault planes, and key pillars
56
8. Fig. 5.11: Fault Polygons displayed in a 3D window while Fault Model
Action (Pillars) Tools toolbar is displayed
• the tools used for moving points and lines in Petrel is the widget,
• Knowing that select a Key Pillar by clicking on one of the shape points, the
widget will appear. It consists of a plane and a cylinder,
• Click on the plane to turn it yellow and edit in a plane normal to the cylinder,
• Click on the cylinder (so it turns yellow) to edit along the tangent of the
cylinder. Be sure that you are in the Set Select/Pick Mode [P] as shown
below,
• Press the left mouse button on the widget and move the Key Pillar or the shape
point,
• Make sure the Move Along Line Tangent Only tool is active. This tool limits
the movement to the tangent of the Key Pillar and it is a very intuitive way of
editing the Key Pillars, as shown below
• See Fig. 5.12
57
9. • To select only one shape point, make sure the Select Shape Points icon is
active, as shown below,
• To select an entire Key Pillar make the Select Pillars icon active as shown
below. If you click on the line between Key Pillars, all shape points at that
level will be selected, as shown below
• If you click on the line between Key Pillars while having the “Select Pillars”
icon active, all Key Pillars will be selected. To select only a few Key
Pillars/shape points, click on those that you want to select while pressing the
shift key,
• Check that the fault model has the correct orientation by displaying the top
and base horizons. If not, edit them as described above.
Comment
When finished editing, the Key Pillars should have a smooth transition in Z from
Key Pillar to Key Pillar in a fault. The Key Pillars in the faults should extend above
the top of the top surface and below the base of the lowest surface.
58
11. 5.4 Building Key Pillars from Fault Polygons
The same steps of "Editing Key Pillars" are applied in this section. Anyhow do
not forget to de-select the active fault when creating a new one. Otherwise, the new
fault will be attached to the previous active one, see Fig. 5.12
5.5 Connecting Faults
If a fault is truncated by another fault in the horizontal direction, it must be
connected to that other fault. This means that a common Key Pillar between the two
faults must be defined. You can either use a Key Pillar that already exists and edit it
into a position so that it fits both fault planes, or you can add a new Key Pillar
between two existing Pillars and use that as the common/connected Key Pillar. All
faults intersecting each other in Petrel model must be properly connected! This is
important because the gridding process in Petrel will use the faults for guiding the
gridding lines. The faults which are unconnected are treated differently from the faults
which are connected. Furthermore, faults which are close together but unconnected
are likely to lead to problems in Pillar Gridding and Make Horizons. Petrel has an
automatic fault connection option which will connect all the simple branching and
crossing faults in a single operation. Use this option carefully and always QC the grid
afterwards. As connecting faults require some editing of the fault position, you will
normally have to edit the connection manually afterwards. Truncated faults will not
be handled by automatic connection.
To connect two faults, follow the steps:
• Choose the two faults to be connected,
• Zoom in on the area where the two faults are to be connected,
• Select the two Key Pillars you want to connect using the Select/pick Mode
icon and the shift Key, as shown in Fig. 5.13,
60
12. Fig. 5.13: Two faults before connection
• Click on the Connect Two Faults icon as shown below,
• Define how you want to connect them when the Connect pillars dialog box
pops up as shown in Figs. 5.14 to 5.17.
Fig. 5.14: The Connect pillars dialog box
61
13. Fig. 5.15: Two faults connected to each other
Fig. 5.16: Another two faults before connection
62
14. Fig. 5.17: The two faults of Fig. 5.16 after connection
5.6 Disconnecting Faults
The undo button does not work for connected Key Pillars. You will have to
disconnect them instead.
To disconnect faults, follow the steps:
• Select the two Key Pillars that should be disconnected. See Fig. 5.18
• Click on the Disconnect Fault icon. See Fig. 5.19
63
15. Fig. 5.18: Two faults before disconnection
Fig. 5.19: Two faults after disconnection
64
16. 5.7 Creating Branched and Crossing Faults
To create branched and crossing faults, follow the steps:
• Select the Key Pillar where you want the crossing or branching fault to be
initiated from, as shown in Fig. 5.20
• Click on either the New Branched Fault icon or the New Crossing Fault
icon to generate a new fault, as shown in Figs. 5.21, 5.22
Fig. 5.20: A fault displayed in a 3D window before creating Branched or Crossing
faults
65
17. Fig. 5.21: A fault displayed in a 3D window after creating Branched fault
Fig. 5.22: A fault displayed in a 3D window after creating Crossing fault
66
18. 5.8 Creating Faults from Selected Fault Sticks
Fault sticks can be used like fault polygons to create Key Pillars. Fault sticks are
sets of line data that represent the fault plane. The file with fault sticks can represent
one fault are a set of faults and are generated in Petrel or another work station. These
sticks represent the fault surface and are converted to Key Pillars. This method is
preferable if you have fault interpretations that may contain a bit of noise and you
would like to have the option to disregard some of it.
To create faults from selected fault sticks, follow the steps:
• Turn off all of the faults, fault polygons and any other data you may have
displayed in your 3D window.
• From the Input Tab display the fault sticks in the “For Create from selected FS”
folder. See Fig. 5.23.
Fig. 5.23: Fault Sticks displayed in a 3D window
67
19. • Select Vertical, Linear, Listric or Curved Pillars depending on the type of fault
you are modeling. Either linear or listric fault geometries will be fine but examine
the fault sticks before you choose. See Fig. 5.24
Fig. 5.24: Linear fault sticks displayed in a 3D window while the Fault Model
Options Tools are shown
• Click on the Set Select/Pick Mode [P] icon in the Function bar. See Fig. 5.25
Fig. 5.25: Linear fault sticks displayed in a 3D window while the Fault Model Tools
are shown
68
20. • Select some of the fault sticks on a fault by clicking on the fault stick and holding
the Shift Key. See Fig. 5.26
Fig. 5.26: Selecting fault sticks
• Click on the Add to or Create Fault from Selected Fault Sticks icon in the
Function bar to generate Key Pillars along the selected fault sticks. See Fig. 5.27.
Notice that by choosing this method, a fault will only be generated that connects
the sticks that you selected. This could cause you to potentially lose some
important detail.
69
21. Fig. 5.27: The Key Pillars for fault sticks created as a model
• Once you have created the Key Pillars for a new fault, do the necessary editing
and follow the procedure as described in the exercises above.
• Connect the faults where necessary. See Figs. 5.28 to 5.30.
• Continue modeling all the faults in the folder. See Fig. 5.31.
70
22. Fig. 5.28: The two faults before connection
Fig. 5.29: Connect pillars dialog box
71
23. Fig. 5.30: The two faults after connection
Fig. 5.31: All faults created as a model
72
24. 5.9 Creating Faults from All Fault Sticks
It possible to select the entire set of fault sticks representing one fault and make
Petrel use every nth fault stick as input. This is a fast approach but it requires that the
fault stick are representative of the fault, i.e. do not contain lots of “noise”.
To create faults from all fault sticks, follow the steps:
• From the Input Tab display the fault sticks in the “For Create from
selected FS” folder. See Fig. 5.23.
• Select Vertical, Linear, Listric or Curved Pillars depending on the type of
fault you are modeling. Either linear or listric fault geometries will be fine
but examine the fault sticks before you choose. See Fig. 5.24.
• Click on the Set Select/Pick Mode [P] icon in the Function bar. See Fig.
5.25.
• Select all of the fault sticks on a fault by clicking on the fault stick and
holding the Shift Key. See Fig. 5.26.
• Click on the Create Fault from Fault Sticks, Surface or Interpretation
icon in the Function bar to generate Key Pillars along the selected fault.
See Fig. 5.32.
• Repeat the same process to the other faults. See Fig. 5.33
• Once you have created the Key Pillars for a new fault, do the necessary
editing by following the steps as described in the exercises above.
• Connect the faults where necessary and continue modeling the faults in the
folder.
73
25. Fig. 5.32: Fault sticks displayed in a 3D window while the Fault Model Action
(Pillars) toolbar is displayed
Fig. 5.33: The Key Pillars for fault sticks created
74
26. 5.10 Automatic Generation of Faults
So far the faults have been generated one by one. In this exercise you will learn
how to automatically create Key Pillars from sets of fault sticks in a folder in the
Petrel Explorer Input tab.
To create automatic generation of faults, follow the steps:
• Active the Fault Modeling from Process Diagram
• Convert one set of fault sticks to Key Pillars:
a. In Petrel Explorer find the fault sticks folder. Open the folder and right
click on one of the fault sticks. Select Convert to Faults in Fault
Model… from the pull-down menu. See Fig. 5.34.
Fig. 5.34: The fault sticks before the conversion process displayed in a 3D window
75
27. b. A dialog box will be pops up as shown in Fig. 5.35.
Fig. 5.35: Convert to Fault in the active Fault Modeling dialog box
c. Note the new fault in the 3D window and under the Fault Model folder in
the model (in the Models tab). See Fig. 5.36
Fig. 5.36: A new fault under the Fault Model folder after the conversion process
displayed in a 3D window
76
28. • This operation can be performed for all fault sticks in a folder:
a. To avoid double sets of faults, delete the fault created above by selecting
the whole fault in the 3D window or selecting it (making it bold) in the
models tab of Petrel Explorer and then pressing delete.
b. Right click on the folder called “Fault Sticks”. Select Convert to Faults in
Fault Model… from the appearing pull-down menu. See Fig. 5.37.
Fig. 5.37: All faults sticks before conversion displayed in a 3D window
77
29. c. All new faults will be added under the Fault Model folder in the model (in
the Models tab). See Fig. 5.38.
• Continue doing the necessary editing of Key Pillars as described above.
• Connect faults where necessary.
Fig. 5.38: All faults sticks after conversion displayed in a 3D window
78
30. 5.11 Automatic Connection of Faults
It is possible to connect the faults automatically in Petrel.
To create automatic connection of faults, fallow the steps:
• Display all the faults you have created in a 3D window. See Fig. 5.38
• Click on the Fault Modeling in the Process Diagram.
• Go to the Operations tab. See Fig 5.39.
• Click on the Auto connect button and use an Extent distance of 250m and do the
automatic fault connection only for the visible faults. See Fig. 5.40.
• Check the connections and do manual editing if necessary.
Fig. 5.39: Two fault sticks displayed before auto connection while the Fault
Modeling dialog box is displayed
79
31. Fig. 5.40: Two fault sticks displayed after auto connection while the Fault Modeling
dialog box is displayed
80
32. 5.12 Automatic Adjustment of Key Pillars
It is possible to adjust all the Key Pillars automatically by cuffing them or
extending them relative to a surface or a constant value. Since it is possible to edit all
the Key Pillars manually, and since manual editing will always be necessary, the
automatic “trimming” of Key Pillars functionality has been included as an optional
exercise only. If the Key Pillars are trimmed by a surface then this surface should be
smooth. In the case of the HAH project, the Base Cretaceous surface is a good
candidate to be used for trimming since this is a non-faulted surface. In the exercise
below only the top Shape Points will be trimmed. If the base Shape Points should be
trimmed as well, then a copy could be made of Top Etive surface, then this copied
surface could be smoothed to remove most of the structure (but keep the general dip)
and shifted downwards so that it is deeper than the entire Top Etive surface.
To create automatic adjustment of key pillars, follow the steps:
• Display all the generated Key Pillars together with the Base Cretaceous
surface.
• Double click on the Fault Modeling process (in the Process diagram).
• Go to the Operations tab from the dialog box that pops up. See Fig. 5.41.
• Select the Base Cretaceous surface in the Petrel Explorer Input tab (click on
the name to make it bold), toggle on the checkbox next to Top limit in the
Operations tab under Cut/Extend pillars and click on the blue arrow. Fill in
the other options as the figure shows.
• Click on the Cut/Extend button. See Fig. 5.42.
• Observe that all the Key Pillars will be cut by or extended to the Base
Cretaceous level, generating smooth transitions between Key Pillars. See Fig.
5.43.
Fig. 5.41: Fault Modeling dialog box
81
33. Fig. 5.42: The Base Cretaceous and Fault Model displayed in a 3D window
before Key Pillar Operations
Fig 5.43: The Base Cretaceous and Fault Model displayed in a 3D window after
Key Pillar Operations
82