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1. The Evolution of
Philippine Art
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2. Learning Objective
2
At the end of the chapter the learner is expected
to:
• Identify the periods in the history of the Philippines which
greatly influenced Philippine art and culture.
• Understand how history impacts a nation’s life and
culture.
• Analyze the art works and contributions of early Filipinos
to Philippine culture and society; and
• Asses Filipino artistry as they have unfolded in history.

3. Philippine Historical Time Line
1
2
3
Hispanic
Philippines
(1521~1898)
Pre-Colonial
(Before 1521)
American
(1898~1039)
4
Japan
(1940~1945)

4. The Evolution of Philippine Art
4
The history of the Philippines from 1521 was marred
with a series of invasions and occupation from the coming
of the Spaniards, to the Americans and the Japanese in
the second World War. Freedom was regained only after
the liberation from the Japanese in 1946 at the end of the
war. Our history as a nation was a story of four centuries of
conquest.

5. Pre-Colonial Arts
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These are reflections by which the natives of these
Islands have expressed their culture and civilizations. These
are proofs that the earliest inhabitants of these islands were
learned Peoples even before the coming of the Spaniards.

6. Literature
6
Our pre-colonial, ethnic literature is a rich repository
of ideals and culture practices evident in folk speeches,
folk songs, folk narratives and indigenous rituals as well as
dances that show our ties with our southeast asian
neighbors.
Folk Speeches
These are riddles which has the talinghaga or
metaphor as n two different objects and therefore test the
keen analytical ability of the listener. Such is known as the
tigmo in Cebuano, Bugtong in tagalog, paktakon in Ilongo
and patototdon in Bicol.

7. Proverbs or Aphorisms
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These encapsulate the rule of conduct and
community beliefs which instill values though short verses
with rhyme that is full of wisdom. Such is the tanaga, which
has insights and lessons on life according to life
experiences. Some examples are the basahanon or
extended didactic sayings from Bukidnon and the daraida
and daragilon from Panay.

8. Folk Song
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a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes and
aspirations, the people’s lifestyles as well as their loves.
These are often repetitive and sonorous, didactic and
naive as in the children’s songs or Ida-ida(Maguindanao),
tulang pambata (Tagalog) or cansiones para abbing
(Ibanag), Lullabyes or Ili-Ili (Iloilo), harana or serenade
(Cebu), and ambahan among the Mangyans.

9. Folks Narrative
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epics and folk tales are varied, exotic and magical. They
explain how the world was created, how certain animals possess
certain characteristics, why some places have waterfalls,
volcanoes, mountains, flora or fauna and, in the case of legends,
an explanation of the origins of things.
Fables are about animals relating lessons or morals such
as the Monkey and the Turtle. The epics come in various names:
Guman (Subanon);Darangen(Maranao);and Ulahingan(Manobo).
Bi-ag ni Lam-ang(Ilocano); Hinilawod (Sulod); Kudaman
(Palawan); Darangen(Maranao); Ulahingan(Livunganen-
Arumanen Manobo); and Tudbulol (T’boli).

10. VISUAL ART
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Forms of Painting:
1. Easel Painting
The easel painting is
perhaps the most common form of
painting which involves applying
color to a board or canvas that is
fixed on an upright support called
an easel. These are meant to be
framed and hanged on a wall
after creating them.

11. VISUAL ART
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2. Murals
A mural is described as a huge
wall-sized painting used to impart
messages to the public. A new
form of. Mural which is a portable
mural, was developed to prevent
the mural from being erased from
the wall which was created by
using bold strokes in applying
bright colors on pieces of
cheesecloth or canvas.

12. VISUAL ART
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3. Telon Painting
A telon is describes as a backdrop
or background for the stage which
are used for komedya, sarswela,
and sinakulo, the popular forms of
theater in the country.

13. VISUAL ART
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4. Jeepney and Calesa Painting
The calesa is typically
painted using one color. The
borders of the calesa are
decorated with geometric
patterns, repetitive patterns,
and/or thin lines. Jeepney painting
evolved from calesa painting. In a
typical jeepney, a logo, number,
or painting is covered near the
driver’s seat, as well as near the
seats adjacent to it.

14. VISUAL ART
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5. Collage
This refers to a form of
painting that involves combine
images in a single artwork. This
entails cutting and pasting
materials such as paper, fabric, tin
foil and other relatively flat
materials onto a board or canvas.

15. II. DANCE
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➢ Refers to the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually
to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing
an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in
the movement itself.

16. TYPES OF FILIPINO DANCE
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A. Banga
➢ Illustrates the grace and
strength of women in the Kalinga
tribe of Cordillera Autonomous
Region (CAR). Women performing
the Banga balance heavy pots on
their heads while dancing to beat
of wind chimes.

17. TYPES OF FILIPINO DANCE
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B. Lumagen or Tachok
➢ It is performed to celebrate
happy occasions. When Lumagen
is performed, it is meant to
symbolize flying birds and is
musicallypaired to the beat of
gongs.

18. TYPES OF FILIPINO DANCE
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C. Salisid
➢ It is the dance to show
courtship. In the Salisid dance, a
male and a female performer
represent a rooster attempting to
attract a hen.

19. TYPES OF FILIPINO DANCE
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D. Malakas at Maganda
➢ It is a national folklore dance. It
tells the story of the origin of the
Filipino people on the islands.

20. TYPES OF FILIPINO DANCE
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E. Binaylan
➢ The Binaylan dance, tells the
story of a hen, the hen's baby, and
a hawk. In this dance, the hawk is
said to control a tribe's well-being,
and is killed by hunters after
attempting to harm the hen's
baby.

21. TYPES OF FILIPINO DANCE
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F. Tinikling
➢ Take two long bamboo sticks
rapidly and in rhythm, clap sticks
for dancers to artistically and
daringly try to avoid getting them
feet caught between them.

22. TYPES OF FILIPINO DANCE
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G. Singkil
➢ In this dance, there are four
bamboo sticks arranged in a tic-
tac-toe pattern in which the
dancers exploit every position of
these clashing sticks. It is
identifiable with the use of
umbrellas and silk clothing.

23. TYPES OF FILIPINO DANCE
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H. Pangalay
➢ It is a traditional Tausug dance, from
Jolo and Tawi-Tawi, characterized by
elaborate body postures and gestures
and the graceful arm and hand
movement of the dancer, amplified by
the use of janggay or metal claws. The
dance is performed to the music of the
kulintangan, gandang, agong and
gabang. Commonly referred to as the
fingernail dance, Pangalay is usually
performed during weddings and other
festive celebrations.

24. III. WEAVING
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➢ Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct
sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a
fabric or cloth. Other methods are knitting, crocheting, felting,
and braiding or plaiting. The longitudinal threads are called the
warp, and the lateral threads are the weft, woof, or filling.

25. WEAVING METHOD
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1. Textile Weaving
This refers to the process of
creating cloth by interweaving
a series of parallel vertical
threads with another series of
horizontal threads at right
angles.

26. WEAVING METHOD
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2. Mat Weaving
This refers to the art of “plaiting
strips of organic fibers into
mats”. These mats, locally
known as banig, are cool, light,
and portable compared to
fixed beds.

27. WEAVING METHOD
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2. Basketry
This refers to the art of creating
containers by weaving, plaiting,
or braiding materials into hollow
three-dimensional shapes that
can either be used for carrying,
storage and trapping animals.

28. WEAVING METHOD
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4. Kalakat Weaving
The process used on the oil
palm fronds into finished
product is thru pruning the
green stalk, then splitting and
cleaning the fronds, drying,
weaving and cutting or
trimming the edges. Kalakat
sheets are primarily used as a
cheap but durable construction
material.

29. IV. SCULPTURING
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➢ From the transitional carving of anitos to the santos to Christ
and down to the saints, Filipinos find it rather not difficult as they
are already familiar with the ways of the wood.

30. GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE
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1. Free-standing
This is a kind of sculpture that
can independently stand in
space. It has a flat horizontal
base. All its sides contribute to
the overall form of the sculpture.

31. GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE
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2. Relief
This kind of sculpture does not
have a flat horizontal base. The
form is projected from a flat
surface. There are two types of
relief – low relief or bas-relief
which is slightly from the flat
surface; and high relief.
Cagayan de Oro’s Legendary
River Monster is an example of
relief sculpture.

32. GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE
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3. Assemblage
This sculpture is formed by
putting together materials such
as found objects, pieces of
paper, sponges, wood scraps,
and other materials. A good
example of this is Lamberto
Hechanova’s Man and Woman.

33. GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE
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4. Kinetic Sculpture
This is considered as a sculpture
in motion because the entire
sculpture or some parts of the
sculpture are moving with the
wind or are vibrating with the
surrounding air.

34. GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE
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5. Welded Sculptures
Creating these sculptures
involve the process of.
connecting sheets of metal
together by using an acetylene
or electric torch.

35. GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE
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6. Use of Glass
A kind of sculpture where the
medium of expression used by
the artist is glass.

36. GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE
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7. Symbolic Sculpture
It is a kind of sculpture in which
an abstract idea is represented
by means of allegory and
personification

37. Forms of Sculpture
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Wood Carving
➢ In Southern Philippines, the Maranao and Tausug of Mindanao
are known for their okir, ornate curvilinear designs and motifs
applied to wood carving. The principal okir designs are the
sarimanok, the naga, and the pako rabong.

38. WOOD CURVING
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1. Sarimanok
It is the legendary bird or
“artificial cock” that has
become a ubiquitous symbol of
Maranao art. It is depicted as a
fowl with wings and feathered
tail, holding a fish on its beak or
talons. The head is profusely
decorated with scroll, leaf and
spiral motifs.

39. WOOD CURVING
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2. Naga
It has form of an elaborate
mythical serpent or dragon with
vigorous S-curve

40. WOOD CURVING
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3. Pako Rabong
It is a stylized growing fern with
a broad base gracefully
tapering upwards.

41. V. Pottery
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➢ Is one of the oldest and most widespread of the decorative
arts, consisting of objects made of clay and hardened with heat.
The objects made are commonly useful ones, such as vessels for
holding liquids or plates or bowls from which food can be served.
➢ Pottery is a general term for decorative and useful objects
made from clay and set off at high temperatures. This is frequently
interchanged with “ceramics”. However, it is important to note
that application of ceramics is wider and even includes industrial
use.

42. V. Pottery
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Types of Pottery
1. Earthenware or Terracotta
- This type of pottery is made from clay and is usually fired at 1,700-
2,100 ᵒF.
2. Stoneware
- This type of pottery is made from clay and feldspar.
3. Porcelain
- This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a special type of clay
that is extra fine, white and feldspar.

43. In the Philippines, there are some famous pottery in
various regions:
43
1. Manunggul Jar
The Manunggul Jar is a
secondary burial jar excavated
from a Neolithic burial site in the
Manunggul cave of the Tabon
Caves at Lipuun Point in
Palawan. It dates from 890–710
B.C.[2] and the two prominent
figures at the top handle of its
cover represent the journey of
the soul to the afterlife.

44. In the Philippines, there are some famous pottery in
various regions:
44
2. Burnay Jar
Burnay jars are commonly used
for storage of water or grains, as
well as for fermenting of Vigan’s
local Basi wine and bagoong
(fermented fish). It is said that
burnay jars are much harder
than the typical terracotta pots
used in gardening.

45. In the Philippines, there are some famous pottery in
various regions:
45
3. Maitum Anthropomorphic Burial
Jar
The Maitum anthropomorphic
burial jars are earthenware
secondary burial vessels
discovered in 1991 by the
National Museum of the
Philippines' archaeological
team in Ayub Cave, Barangay
Pinol, Maitum, Sarangani
Province, Mindanao, Philippines.

46. VI. Islamic Arts
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➢ Islamic art is characterized by designs of flowers, plant forms
and geometric designs. It is used in calligraphy, architecture,
painting, clothing and other forms of fine arts.

47. Calligraphy
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➢ It is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution
of lettering with a broad-tipped instrument, brush, or other
writing instrument.

48. VII. Architecture
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➢Architecture is one of the most functional branches of the visual
arts. We can freely see architecture in our surroundings because
architecture involves designing the form of a building while
allowing the building to serve its function. It is the “art to inhabit.”
Francisco Mañosa- a Filipino architect considered as one of the
most influential Filipino architects of the 20th century, in designing
homes and buildings. In addition to that, they sought ways to
express these traditions and values in architecture.

49. Forms of Contemporary Architecture:
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➢ This refers to a building composed of many residences called
units.
1. Apartment
2. Bahay na Bato
➢ The barong-barong are houses of the landless poor that are
built on any land or area. The bahay na bato is considered to be
a residence of the wealthy.

50. Forms of Contemporary Architecture:
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51. Forms of Contemporary Architecture:
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➢These are usually found near the esteros, riverbanks, and bay
shores; spaces along high walls, railroad tracks; spaces near
abandoned buildings, and garbage dumps; or any vacant lot.
Some of these barong-barong are built under bridges.
3. Barong- barong
4. Bungalow
➢This refers to one-story house with a wide front porch and large
windows. It may also have a terrace, which may be roofed or not.

52. Forms of Contemporary Architecture:
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53. Ethnic Houses
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➢The bahay kubo is considered as an ethnic house of Christian
peasant families living in the lowland areas. This is typically owned
by families belonging in low-income groups.
1. Bahay Kubo
2. Houseboat
➢The houseboat is basically a boat that also serves as dwelling.
The Badjaos or Sama Laut typically reside in houseboats.

54. Forms of Contemporary Architecture:
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55. Ethnic Houses
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➢The Philippine tsalet refers to a
suburban house that has one story,
a two-story house with living
quarters on the upper level, or an
elevated one-story house. The term
tsalet came from the term “chalet”
which refers to a peasant house in
Switzerland that has upper
levels jutting over the lower levels, a
steep roof and a decorated gable.
3. Tsalet

56. Philippines Art During Hispanic Conquest
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➢The coming of the Spanish conquistador marked the beginning of
cultural transformation using the sword and the cross’. Divide and
rule was implemented through force to subjugate the native
dwellers of theses islands.
Literature
➢Religious during Hispanic rule was either lyrics or narrative. Ladinos
or interpreters translate Spanish verses into tagalog and were used
in cathechisms. Example Dalit which has no fixed rhyme and they
are identifiable only by their solmn tone and spiritual topic. Pasyon

57. ➢Religious during Hispanic rule was either lyrics or narrative. Ladinos or
interpreters translate Spanish verses into tagalog and were used in
cathechisms.
Example :
Dalit-which has no fixed scheme, and they are identifiable only by their
solmn tone and spiritual topic.
Pasyon- is a primarily a religious narrative poetry which recounts the
suffering, death and and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Awit and Korido- which are colorful if chivalry from Europe. It is made for
chanting and singing like Ibong Adarna and Florante at Laura.
1. Poetry
57
Literature

58. ➢Religious narrative prose consists of those written to prescribe proper
behavior. They were channels for instruction in the catholic faith and for
colonization of the students in all catholic schools.
Example :
Manual De Urbanidad-which contains prescription on social property in
the form of proverbs, maxims, dialogue, and short illustrative tales of
devout behavior.
Pagsusulatan nang dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at Felisa (1864)-
Shows how dialogo or dialogue how behavior can be learned through
the exchange of insights.
2. Prose
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Literature

59. ➢These art form manifested through the building of churches in every
town and plaza all over the archipelago
➢ This was evident in the stone carving on the façade of the
Miag-ao church in Iloilo.
➢ Santos or holy statues are carved and crafted following European
aesthetic canons and church supervision. Santos a carved from the
wood by the natives to embellish the interiors and exteriors of churches,
houses and other structures.
1. Sculpture and Archetecture
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Visual Art

60. ➢The focus of Painting during the Spanish were the religious icons, saints
and religious scenes were evident in the stone walls and ceilings of the
churches, monasteries schools, chapels, ‘conventos’ or friar residences
➢ Spolarioum by Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo at his
‘Christian Virgins exposed to the populace’ a filipino artist won at the
1884 in the Madrid exposition in Europe.
2. Painting
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Visual Art

61. ➢This was done thourh the xylographic method using woodblocks and
Spaniards have published the first book, the Doctrina en Lengua
Espanola y Tagala (Christian doctrine in the Spanish and tagalog
languages)
➢
3. Printing
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Visual Art

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Limasawa
Fiesta and Bayanihan

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Portrayale.

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