Week 2 unit 2
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This document provides an overview of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. It defines univariate analysis as involving one variable, describing measures of central tendency, variation, distribution, and plots for continuous and categorical variables. Bivariate analysis involves two variables (dependent and independent) and appropriate tests for categorical-categorical, categorical-continuous, and continuous-continuous variable relationships. Multivariate analysis examines relationships between more than two variables using techniques like multiple regression, logistic regression, and survival analysis depending on the scale and nature of the dependent variable.
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Week 2 unit 2
- 1. Univariate, Bivariate and Multivariate Analyses Yusuf Babatunde Adeneye President, GSB Ph.D. Club
- 2. Univariate Analysis (One Variable) • Continuous Variable *Central Tendency (Mean, Median and Mode, t-test) *Measure of Variation (Variance, Standard deviation, Range, Percentile, Interquartile Range) *Measure of Distribution (Normality test – Skewness and Kurtosis) *Plots (Histogram, Box Plot, Stem Plot, Dot Plot, Line Chart, Time Series Plot) • Categorical Variable *Frequency (Counts, Frequencies, Percentages, Odds, Z-test) *Plots (Bar Graph, Pie Graph and Pareto Graph)
- 3. Continuous vs Categorical Variables • Most questions on variables asked in Ordinal Scale, Interval Scale, and Ratio Scale qualify such variables to be Continuous variable • Most Categorical or Demographic variable (i.e. asked in a categorical way) are Categorical Variable
- 4. Bivariate Analysis (Two Variable; Y & X) • Categorical (Y as dependent variable) and Categorical (X as Independent Variable) • Y-2 Categories [(i.e. Income is High Income (Cat 1) and Low Income (Cat 2)] and X-2 categories [(i.e. Work Experience is High Experience (Cat 1) and Low Experience (Cat 2)] • Pearson’s Chi square • Fisher’s Exact • Y-3 Categories [(i.e. Income is High Income (Cat 1), Middle Income (Cat 2), and Low Income (Cat 3)] and X-2 categories [(i.e. Work Experience is High Experience (Cat 1) and Low Experience (Cat 2)] • Pearson’s Chi square • Mantel-Haenszel
- 5. X = Independent Variable Y = Dependent Variable • Categorical Variable with 2 Classification (i.e. Gender- Male and Female; Season- Rainy and Dry) • Categorical Variable with more than 2 classifications (i.e. Experience – 5-10years, 11-15 years, 16-20 years, 20 years & above; Income – N1 –N100,000; N100,001- N200,000; N200,001- N500,000; N500,001 & above
- 6. Multivariate Analysis (More than 2 Variables) • Continuous Y *Multiple Regression, Analysis of Variance, Analysis of Covariance • Dichotomous Y *Logistic Regression, Discriminant Analysis • Nominal Y > 2 Categories *Multinominal Logistic • Ordinal Y *Ordinal Logistic • Y is “Time” Survival Analysis *Life Table • Multivariate Y • *Repeated Measures, MANOVA, Factor Analysis
- 7. • Continuous Y = Ordinal, Interval and Ratio Scales • Dichotomous Y = Yes and No (Probability that a firm will liquidate = 1; Probability that it will not liquidate = 2) • Nominal Y = Gender (Male, Female) as dependent var. • Ordinal Y = Preference Variable (i.e. Toyota, BMW, Honda, Nissan, Ford) • Time Survival Analysis Y = Underweight (a risk factor for mortality in dialysis patients) • Multivariate Y = Variable with two or more measures belonging to a group
- 8. •Thank you for coming and listening